共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
佐剂的性质目前在猪用疫苗中 ,佐剂不再仅仅是注射器里携带抗原的一种载体 ;抗原是疫苗中能刺激机体产生免疫反应的主要成分 ;佐剂通常可以是化工合成的一些物质 ,当佐剂配方恰当时 ,用佐剂研制成的疫苗比单独用抗原做的疫苗更能帮助刺激机体产生免疫反应 ;所以 ,能携带抗原的优质佐剂是疫苗免疫成功所必需的。由于疫苗研制日益变得复杂 ,同样对佐剂也提出了更高的要求 ;例如生物化学专家发现 :先将疫苗中的有效抗原进行纯化 (有效抗原通常是指细菌或病毒中那些能刺激免疫反应的组成部分 ,也称主要免疫抗原 ) ,纯化后的抗原能提高免疫效果并… 相似文献
2.
佐剂的性质 目前在猪用疫苗中,佐剂不再仅仅是注射器里携带抗原的一种载体;抗原是疫苗中能刺激机体产生免疫反应的主要成分;佐剂通常可以是化工合成的一些物质,当佐剂配方恰当时,用佐剂研制成的疫苗比单独用抗原做的疫苗更能帮助刺激机体产生免疫反应;所以,能携带抗原的优质佐剂是疫苗免疫成功所必需的. 相似文献
3.
4.
佐剂是增强和调节疫苗抗原免疫反应的免疫刺激物,与抗原一起使用能产生更强的免疫反应。佐剂能激活机体的天然免疫系统,当佐剂和抗原同时或预先注射到机体内,可改变抗原的形态并延长抗原在体内的滞留时间,促进单核吞噬细胞对抗原的递呈能力及刺激淋巴细胞增殖分化,从而增强机体对抗原的免疫应答或改变免疫应答类型。佐剂的发展史长达一百多年,目前使用最广泛的疫苗佐剂是铝佐剂,传统的灭活疫苗在很大程度上依靠以铝盐为主的复合物作为主要佐剂。但近年来,随着基因工程技术和生物技术的飞速发展,重组疫苗、基因工程载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等新型疫苗逐步被开发出来,这些新型疫苗与传统疫苗相比往往存在免疫应答能力差等问题,早期的抗原不纯导致传统的铝盐佐剂已无法满足需要。为解决新型疫苗免疫原性差的问题,科研人员致力于开发广谱且高效的新型疫苗佐剂用来增强新型疫苗的作用。新型疫苗佐剂种类繁多,功能各不相同且机制较为复杂,可分为新型油乳佐剂、脂质体佐剂、CpG寡核苷酸佐剂、细胞因子佐剂、纳米佐剂、多糖佐剂及复合系统类佐剂等。笔者对疫苗佐剂的发展史、作用机制及新型疫苗佐剂的分类进行分析和评述,以期为新型疫苗佐剂的研制及开发提供参考。 相似文献
5.
疫苗佐剂的研究现状和发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
疫苗佐剂是能够非特异性地改变或增强机体对抗原的特异性免疫应答、发挥辅助作用的一类物质.佐剂能够诱发机体产生长期、高效的特异性免疫反应,提高机体保护能力,同时又能减少免疫物质的用量,降低疫苗的生产成本.长期以来,传统疫苗(多为菌体或其裂解物)由于其免疫原性强,佐剂的研究和使用只局限于较小的范围,如毒素和类毒素. 相似文献
6.
免疫佐剂可以理解为能加强抗原的免疫原性和免疫保护效果的物质。这种加强的免疫功能,可表现为增强与其同时使用的特异性抗原的体液免疫反应,也可以表现为增强特异性抗原的细胞免疫反应。近20年来,由于免疫学的进展,亚单位疫苗的开发,特别是肿瘤免疫和疫苗的研究迅速发展,促进了新佐剂研究。传统佐剂虽然副反应低,但对某些抗原没有或仅有很低的免疫增强作用,因而对新型佐剂的研制和开发已成为当今新疫苗研究中的一个非常重要的领域。1细胞因子佐剂细胞因子(cytokine,ck)是由细胞分泌的、能够影响其他细胞功能的多肽,它产生于天然免疫和特异… 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
《中国兽医杂志》2017,(1)
本试验初次建立了CpG ODN联合重组乳酸乳球菌滴鼻免疫BALB/c小鼠模型。结果得出CpG ODN佐剂协同重组菌抗原组血清中抗PRRSV特异性抗体IgG和呼吸道黏膜抗体s-Ig A均高于单独重组菌组(P>0.05)和单独佐剂组(P<0.01),佐剂CpG ODN协同重组菌抗原组的Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ及黏膜淋巴因子IL-5的活性高于单独抗原组(P>0.05)及单独佐剂组(P<0.01)。试验结果说明CpG ODN作为佐剂与重组菌鼻腔免疫小鼠后,可以提高重组菌诱导的黏膜免疫反应和Th1细胞参与的系统免疫反应,为研究安全有效的重组菌黏膜疫苗奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
<正>虽然到目前为止,科研人员尚不能完全解释机体对猪肺炎支原体的免疫机制,但是可以明确的一个事实是,接种疫苗可显著有助于减轻肺部病变的大小以及病原体在体内的持续时间。众所周知,对于优秀的灭活疫苗来说,抗原和佐剂成分都对刺激机体的疫苗免疫反应起到关键作用。经相关研究证实,脂多糖可有利于猪肺炎支原体疫苗对机体所产生的体液和细胞介导的免疫反应。猪肺炎支原体(M.hyo)是引起猪支原体肺炎的一种主要病原, 相似文献
11.
12.
GnRH类似物疫苗免疫去势效果的影响因素 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(11):61-64
利用GnRH类似物疫苗主动免疫动物机体可达到与手术去势类似的效果,同时避免了手术去势对动物机体产生的影响。抗原、佐剂、免疫次数、免疫剂量以及免疫时间都会对其免疫效果产生影响。采用GnRH类似物疫苗免疫动物通常需要有力的佐剂以及多次加强免疫来克服个体反应的差异性。 相似文献
13.
Puaux AL Michel ML 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):357-372
Vaccine approaches against AIDS have focused on inducing cellular immune responses, since many studies revealed the role of T cell responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. The experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SIV or chimeric SHIV is routinely used as a model for AIDS. In such models, DNA immunization is a tool to elicit specific T cell responses and to study their protective efficacy. DNA immunogenicity in primates depends on parameters such as level of antigen expression, choice of the antigen among SIV proteins, use of fusion proteins, route of immunization, and addition of adjuvants. Recent results suggest that priming with DNA and boosting with attenuated recombinant viral vectors, each expressing corresponding SIV antigens, leads to improved specific immunity and, in some cases, affords protection against pathogenic challenge. After preclinical evaluations, DNA has entered clinical trials for a therapeutic or prophylactic gene-based AIDS vaccine. 相似文献
14.
Seventy crossbred heifers were allotted randomly to 10 treatment groups. Treatments consisted of active immunization against ovalbumin (OV) conjugates of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and bovine luteinizing hormone (bLH) with each of three adjuvants. The adjuvants were complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), M103(6) and 6VR6. Control animals were immunized against OV alone using CFA. Bulls were placed with the heifers following immunization to allow comparison of pregnancy rates between groups. Blood samples were collected weekly for 14 wk to determine antibody concentrations. Significant levels of circulating LH or LHRH antibodies were detected in heifers immunized with each of the hormone conjugates. Complete Freund's adjuvant was the most effective for stimulating antibody response to these antigens; however, M103 was equally effective when used with bLH or hCG conjugates. None of the heifers in the bLH-OV-CFA, bLH-OV-M103 or LHRH-OV-CFA immunization groups was pregnant at slaughter, whereas 71% of the OV-CFA control heifers were pregnant. Fertility suppression may be achieved in the bovine by active immunization against any of these three hormone conjugates. However, the duration of this study (8 wk after immunization) does not allow evaluation of the duration of effectiveness of each of the treatments. 相似文献
15.
16.
Spickler AR Roth JA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):273-281
Vaccine adjuvants are chemicals, microbial components, or mammalian proteins that enhance the immune response to vaccine antigens. Interest in reducing vaccine-related adverse effects and inducing specific types of immunity has led to the development of numerous new adjuvants. Adjuvants in development or in experimental and commercial vaccines include aluminum salts (alum), oil emulsions, saponins, immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), liposomes, microparticles, nonionic block copolymers, derivatized polysaccharides, cytokines, and a wide variety of bacterial derivatives. The mechanisms of action of these diverse compounds vary, as does their induction of cell-mediated and antibody responses. Factors influencing the selection of an adjuvant include animal species, specific pathogen, vaccine antigen, route of immunization, and type of immunity needed. 相似文献
17.
Meeusen EN Scheerlinck JP Wattegedera S Entrican G 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2004,5(2):209-217
Pathogens that enter the body via mucosal surfaces face unique defense mechanisms that combine the innate barrier provided by the mucus layer with an adaptive response typified by the production and transepithelial secretion of pathogen-specific IgA. Both the measurement and induction of mucosal responses pose significant challenges for experimental and practical application and may need to be adapted to the species under study. In particular, for livestock, immunization procedures developed in small rodent models are not always effective in large animals or compatible with management practices. This paper reviews the latest advances in our understanding of the processes that lead to secretory IgA responses and how this relates to the development of mucosal immunization procedures and adjuvants for veterinary vaccines. In addition, it highlights the complex interactions that can take place between the pathogen and the host's immune response, with specific reference to Chlamydia/Chlamydophila infections in sheep. 相似文献
18.
疫苗佐剂是使疫苗免疫原性充分发挥的工具,目前动物疫苗佐剂主要以铝盐佐剂和油乳佐剂为主。近年来基因重组疫苗和亚单位疫苗发展迅猛,而这些新型疫苗与传统疫苗相比免疫原性较弱,这就对佐剂提出了更高的要求。当前针对佐剂的研究层出不穷,部分佐剂如MF59、AS01、AS03等已经在人用疫苗中成功应用,但应用于动物疫苗还有技术难题需要攻破。蜂胶佐剂目前在动物疫苗中应用较广,且已经占有了一定的市场份额。为充分比较现有新型疫苗佐剂的优缺点,为后续疫苗佐剂的研究提供参考,就目前广泛研究的新型动物疫苗佐剂进行综述。 相似文献
19.
Arunee THANASARASAKULPONG Pichayanut POOLPERM Pallop TANKAEW Takuo SAWADA Nattawooti STHITMATEE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):321-326
Recombinant outer membrane protein H (rOmpH) is a potential fowl cholera vaccine
candidate. The present study was aimed at developing rOmpH formulations for intranasal
administration. The rOmpH was purified and formulated with either Escherichia
coli enterotoxin B (LTB) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as an adjuvant.
Antibody responses in chickens intranasally immunized with rOmpH in combination with 2
different adjuvants were significantly increased (P<0.05) post
immunization. Chicken survival rates showed that rOmpH formulated with ODN and LTB
elicited 90% and 70% protection, respectively. Our findings indicated that rOmpH
formulated with ODN elicited protection better than that formulated with LTB. Therefore,
the vaccines formulations in the present study can be considered new intranasal vaccine
formulations for fowl cholera in chickens. 相似文献
20.
J W Tyler J S Cullor M C Thurmond V L Douglas J D Dellinger 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1989,23(3-4):333-344
Serologic responses in 61 calves 3 to 34 days of age following immunization with bacterins containing a heat-killed rough mutant, Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (strain J5) were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for the IgG isotype. Administration of either heat-killed bacteria or oil-based adjuvants alone failed to enhance serologic recognition of common core antigens when comparing to nonvaccinate controls. Increased titers were uniquely and specifically limited to calves receiving the antigen in an oil emulsion. In a second experiment, age and initial, passively acquired titer recognizing the vaccinal antigen were not found to have any effect on the magnitude of the humoral response of 57 calves following immunization. 相似文献