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从广东省内中、大规模鸡场的病死鸡中分离细菌,选取经生化鉴定确定为大肠杆菌的93株为试验菌株。采用琼脂稀释法测定分离菌株对14种抗菌药的药物敏感性。结果显示:80%以上的菌株对头孢噻呋、安普霉素、阿米卡星敏感;55%～71%的菌株分别对左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、庆大霉素和链霉素敏感。然而,多数菌株对四环素、多西环素、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星和磺胺甲噁唑的敏感率较低,在0～28%之间。上述结果表明,治疗大肠杆菌引起的鸡群感染时,可优先选择敏感率高的药物,如头孢噻呋、安普霉素和阿米卡星,不用敏感率较低的药物,如四环素环、丙沙星、恩诺沙星和磺胺甲噁唑。 相似文献
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本研究将2012—2017年分离自山东等6省份的194株鸡源和89株猪源沙门氏菌进行了血清型鉴定和9大类13种药物的药敏试验。血清型鉴定结果显示:鸡源沙门氏菌血清型以肠炎(59.69%)、婴儿(13.61%)和鸡白痢(8.90%)为主,猪源沙门氏菌血清型以鼠伤寒(58.43%)、肠炎(12.36%)、印第安纳(11.24%)和德尔卑(7.87%)为主,两者优势血清型差异极显著(P0.01)。最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分布结果显示:沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、大观霉素、四环素、多西环素、氟苯尼考、磺胺甲基异噁唑、复方新诺明、恩诺沙星和氧氟沙星耐药的问题较为突出,对黏菌素E的耐药率相对较低;猪源菌株比鸡源菌株耐药严重,对11种药物的耐药率均高于鸡源菌株。2种来源的分离菌株对阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾、头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、大观霉素、四环素、多西环素、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星的耐药率差异均极显著(P0.01),对黏菌素E的耐药率差异显著(P0.05);猪源分离菌株的耐药问题较欧盟国家突出,与鸡源菌株5耐以上的菌株比例差异极显著(P0.01)。肠炎和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、庆大霉素、大观霉素、四环素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异噁唑和黏菌素E的耐药率差异极显著(P0.01),对氨苄西林耐药率差异显著(P0.05)。不同年份间沙门氏菌分离株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、大观霉素、四环素、氟苯尼考、复方新诺明、恩诺沙星和黏菌素E的耐药率差异极显著(P0.01),对多西环素和氧氟沙星耐药率差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明:肠炎、鼠伤寒分别是我国部分地区鸡、猪源沙门氏菌的优势血清型;沙门氏菌耐药性与动物来源、血清型和分离年份相关,且鸡、猪源沙门氏菌耐药情况比欧盟国家严重。 相似文献
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2011年从64株河南省不同地区养鸡场的鸡源致病菌中分离出1株鸡鲍曼不动杆菌和4株鸡奇异变形杆菌,并采用微量稀释法测定氨苄西林、头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、多西环素、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星等13种药物对受试菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果显示：鸡源奇异变形杆菌对药物的敏感性有差异,其中Cpro菌对13种受试药均高度敏感;Epro菌仅对氨苄西林耐药;Apro菌已对多西环素、恩诺沙星和加替沙星耐药;而Dpro菌已同时对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星和加替沙星耐药。鸡鲍曼不动杆菌对多数药物的敏感性较高。仅对头孢哌酮呈现中介．对氟苯尼考和恩诺沙星呈现耐药,说明尽管目前兽医临床鲍曼不动杆菌对常见药物的敏感性较高．但仍应引起人们的重视． 相似文献
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2020年2月份山西某大型规模猪场育肥猪突发呼吸困难,无过多症状表现,即突然死亡,发病率为2%,死亡率1.5%左右。实验室以病死猪为研究对象,综合死亡猪只脏器病变状况观察,无菌采集病死猪的肺脏、肝脏、脾脏病料,进行RT-PCR检测猪蓝耳病原;用含1%NAD和5%胎牛血清的TSA琼脂培养基进行细菌分离培养和纯化,经形态学鉴定、PCR鉴定、16Sr RNA基因序列进化树构建等方法,结果显示:该发病猪群为猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征并发猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染。药敏试验结果显示:该猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对安普霉素、硫酸黏菌素、替米考星+氟苯尼考、替米考星+阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋钠+硫酸黏菌素、头孢喹肟、头孢噻呋钠+新霉素、替米考星+头孢噻呋钠、多西环素+氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋钠+阿莫西林、阿莫西林+克拉维酸钾、头孢噻呋钠+恩诺沙星、新霉素、头孢噻呋钠、安普霉素+头孢噻呋钠敏感。对恩诺沙星耐药。本实验室根据临床及检测结果制定治疗方案,为该猪场的猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征并发猪胸膜肺炎的临床诊断及用药提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为了解新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区新和县规模化养殖场及散养户中不同阶段的牛细菌性腹泻病原菌的分布情况及耐药性情况。对2020—2021年采集新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区新和县规模化养殖场及散养户中不同阶段的患腹泻牛粪便、肛拭子及内脏病料358份,采用细菌分离鉴定、形态学观察、生化鉴定等方法对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、奇异变形杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌等细菌性病原菌进行分离鉴定,采用K-B药敏纸片法检测临床分离菌株对临床中常用的药物耐药情况。结果显示：从358份病料样品中分离到大肠杆菌62株、沙门菌52株、空肠弯曲杆菌29株、奇异变形杆菌28株,检出率分别为17.3%、14.5%、8.1%、7.8%;分离的菌株对临床中常用的药物产生不同的耐药性,其中大肠杆菌、沙门菌、空肠弯曲杆菌及奇异变形杆菌均对头孢噻呋、头孢喹肟、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、林可霉素、硫酸黏菌素等药物敏感,对其他药物耐药。为该牛细菌性腹泻病防治及合理指导临床用药提供参考。 相似文献
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为鉴定承德地区断奶仔猪腹泻病原菌并分析其耐药性,从承德地区不同养猪场采集腹泻断奶仔猪的肝脏、肛拭子、粪便等样品120份,试验采用细菌学鉴定法、K-B药敏纸片法进行细菌分离鉴定与药敏试验。结果显示,从采集的120份样品中分离得到了大肠杆菌42株、沙门菌23珠、志贺菌12株,42株大肠杆菌分离株对阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、新霉素等7种药物耐药率在59.5%以上,对头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、恩诺沙星等4种药物耐药率为14.3%～31.0%;23株沙门菌分离株对阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、新霉素等8种药物的耐药率在47.8%以上,对头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、恩诺沙星3种药物的耐药率为13.1%～34.8%;12株志贺菌分离株对阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、新霉素等7种药物的耐药率在50.0%以上,对头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、恩诺沙星等4种药物耐药率为16.7%～33.3%。研究为该地区断奶仔猪细菌性腹泻的防控提供理论基础。 相似文献
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为了分析泰州地区致仔猪腹泻奇异变形杆菌致病性、毒力基因及耐药性,试验从泰州地区规模化养殖场采集腹泻仔猪粪便、肛拭子等114样品,分离得到42株奇异变形杆菌,采用PCR法和K-B药敏纸片法对分离的42株奇异变形杆菌进行毒力基因与耐药性检测。结果表明,42株奇异变形杆菌毒力基因zapA、pmfA检出率最高,检出率分别为95.2%、92.9%,毒力基因ureC、mrpA、atfC检测出率在40.5%～50.0%之间;42株奇异变形杆菌对阿莫西林、大观霉素、氨苄西林等11种药物耐药率在66.7%以上,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、恩诺沙星等5种药物耐药率在11.9%～26.2%之间,说明了该地区分离的致仔猪腹泻奇异变形杆菌携带多种毒力基因,耐药性严重。本试验为该地区分离的致仔猪腹泻奇异变形杆菌感染的防控提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为了解新疆某规模化牛场奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况以及对常用抗生素药物的敏感程度。从该牛场采集50份乳样,采用细菌分离培养、16S rRNA鉴定、生化鉴定等方法对菌株进行分离鉴定;使用药敏纸片对已鉴定菌株进行药物敏感试验;从50份乳样中,分离出了16株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为32%;分离出1株大肠杆菌,分离率为2%。将16株金黄色葡萄球菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,氨苄西林的耐药率高达100%,庆大霉素和克林霉素也产生了较低的耐药性,其耐药率均为6.25%,而恩诺沙星、头孢噻呋、呋喃妥因、多西环素等具有较强的抗菌活性,其敏感率均高于80%,本试验为牛场预防乳房以及临床用药提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Results of susceptibility tests of clinical isolates of animal pathogens are periodically summarized and reported by the Animal Health Service. However, these results are based upon qualitative test methods. In the present paper results of quantitative susceptibility tests of twelve antibacterial agents against Mannheimia haemolytica (MHA) and Pasteurella multocida (PMU) isolated from Dutch calves in 1996 and 1997 are presented. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin, ceftiofur, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tilmicosin, neomycin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, flumequine, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and florfenicol were determined. No resistance was detected for ceftiofur and florfenicol. Three strains had an intermediate susceptibility to tilmicosin. The resistance percentages of MHA and PMU for neomycin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, flumequine, enrofloxacin, and chloramphenicol varied from 2% to 16%. Higher resistance percentages (16%-53%) were observed for amoxicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. The MIC breakpoints used to determine whether a strain is susceptible, intermediate, or resistant are arbitrary and discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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为了调查新疆伊犁某牛场饮水、饲料和粪样中分离的大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况。本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法,对饮水源、饲料源、牛粪源样品中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示,25份牛场饮水源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（25/25）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（12.0%）、氨苄西林（4.0%）、诺氟沙星（4.0%）、恩诺沙星（8.0%）和安普霉素（8.0%）5种抗菌药物耐药;72份牛场饲料源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为65.3%（47/72）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（36.2%）、氨苄西林（19.1%）、诺氟沙星（4.3%）和安普霉素（4.3%）4种抗菌药物耐药;80份牛粪源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（80/80）,对阿米卡星（12.5%）、氨苄西林（7.5%）、恩诺沙星（7.5%）、庆大霉素（5.0%）、诺氟沙星（2.5%）、环丙沙星（2.5%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸（1.3%）和头孢噻呋（1.3%）8种抗菌药物耐药,仅对安普霉素敏感。该牛场分离的大肠杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药情况一般,但中介率较高,须在临床治疗细菌性疾病中避免使用不敏感和中介率高的抗菌药物,养殖场饮水和饲料有被耐药大肠杆菌污染的风险。 相似文献
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仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由湛江市3个养猪场采集到40份仔猪黄痢、白痢腹泻粪便样品,共分离到40株大肠杆菌,其中7株是致病性大肠杆菌,三个猪场致病性大肠杆菌的分离率分别为15.4%、10%和43%。对7株致病性大肠杆菌进行药物敏感性试验,结果表明:它们均对恩诺沙星、菌必治和丁胺卡那霉素敏感,而对复方新诺明、阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、四环素和庆大霉素的耐药率为100%,对氯霉素、头孢氨苄和痢特灵的耐药率为85.7%,对卡那霉素和链霉素的耐药率为57.1,%对氟哌酸和环丙沙星的耐药率为14.3%。猪场选用较敏感药物来防治仔猪大肠杆菌病,使疫病得到了有效控制。 相似文献
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Mevius DJ Veldman KT van der Giessen A van Leeuwen WJ 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2000,125(5):143-146
Qualitative tests are used to monitor antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin in the Netherlands. Quantitative information on trends in resistance is thus not obtained. Moreover, in general a limited panel of antibiotics is tested. The present study describes resistance in zoonotic food-borne pathogens Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli O157 isolated from human clinical cases and from faeces of healthy food animals in 1998 and 1999, as determined with quantitative susceptibility tests. The resistance of the indicator organisms E. coli and Enterococcus faecium isolated from faecal samples of broilers and pigs randomly sampled at slaughterhouses was also determined. For this end, faecal samples from veal calves were sampled in 1996 and 1997 at the three main Dutch veal calf slaughterhouses. In 1998 only a limited number of faecal samples of veal calves were taken at farms. For E. coli and Salmonella the following antibiotics were tested: amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, gentamicin, doxycycline, trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, carbadox, and flumequine. For E. faecium the following antibiotics were tested: amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, streptomycin ('high level' > 2000 mg/ml), gentamicin ('high level' > 500 mg/ml), ciprofloxacin, bacitracin, flavofosfolipol, salinomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, virginiamycin, tilmicosin, avilamycin, and everninomycin. For Campylobacter the following antibiotics were tested: erythromycin, doxycycline, gentamicin, carbadox, flavofosfolipol, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. 相似文献
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LI Hai-hua GUO Wei-bing YANG Hai-ming WENG Wei-ping YAN Qiang ZHANG Yuan-da CHEN Zhi-qiang 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(4):1182-1188
The study was aimed to research the antibiotics resistance of Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolated from different sources of Chifeng and Tongliao areas in Inner Mongolia.Using K-B method, we analysed the resistance situation of 46 strains E.coli isolated from goose, bovine and porcine to thirteen kinds of antibiotic drugs. The resistance rates of E.coli isolated from goose and porcine had the highest resistance to doxycycline hydrochloride drug, which were 95.2% and 93.3%,respectively. The resistant rate of E.coli isolated from bovine had the highest resistance to sarafloxacinhydrochloride,enrofloxacin and hydrochloric acid doxycycline, which was 80.0%. Multi-resistance results showed that the prevalence of E.coli in diseased animals with 6 resistance mainly(23.9%);Bovine source with 7 resistance (40%). The resistance type in general was enrofloxacin/florfenicol/doxycycline/amoxicillin/neomycin sulfate. E.coli from different sources of diseased animals to antibiotics had a serious resistance. So,it is not only necessary for farmers to learn to use antibiotics rationally, but also to develop new drugs that are resistant to drug resistance or new drug allergic to antibiotics. 相似文献
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本研究旨在调查内蒙古赤峰、通辽地区不同来源的大肠杆菌对抗生素类药物的耐药情况。采用K-B法分析来源于鹅、牛和猪等患病动物分离出的46株大肠杆菌对13种常用的抗生素类药物的耐药性;鹅源和猪源大肠杆菌对盐酸多西环素的耐药率最高,分别达95.2%和93.3%;牛源大肠杆菌对盐酸沙拉沙星、恩诺沙星和盐酸多西环素的耐药率最高,达80.0%。多重耐药性结果表明,患病动物的大肠杆菌以6耐（23.9%）为主;牛源大肠杆菌则以7耐（40%）最多。总体耐药谱型以恩诺沙星/氟苯尼考/盐酸多西环素/阿莫西林/硫酸新霉素为主（24.4%）。不同来源的大肠杆菌对抗生素类药物均产生了严重的耐药性,因此不但要求养殖人员学会合理使用抗生素类药物,同时研究开发逆转耐药性的新药物或对抗生素类药物有增敏效用的新药物十分必要。 相似文献
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Abeera Naureen Muhammad Saqib Faqeer Muhammad Rehan Ahmad Ghulam Muhammad Muhammad Nadeem Asi Muhammad Hammad Hussain Laeeq Akbar Lodhi Muhammad Sarwar Khan Francois M. Thibault 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 antimicrobial agents for 41 isolates of Burkholderia mallei from natural outbreaks of equine glanders were determined by agar dilution. All isolates were intrinsically resistant to ampicillin (MIC90 ≥128). Resistance to other antimicrobials was as follows: 95.1% to amoxicillin and cephradine, 85.4% to cefuroxime and norfloxacin, 68.3% to ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone, 61.1% to ceftiofur, 58.5% to oxytetracycline, 41.5% to ciprofloxacin, 58.5% to roxithromycin, 17.1% cefotaxime, and 12.2% clarithromycin. Overall resistance patterns revealed that 17% of isolates were simultaneously resistant to amoxicillin, cephradine, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone and norfloxacin. None of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin or trimethoprim-sulphadiazine. Mode MICs for these antimicrobials were 2, 1, 8, 4 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. A majority of the isolates (∼ 94%) were susceptible to both enrofloxacin and ofloxacin. These data provide an updated perspective on susceptibility profiles of current strains of B. mallei in an endemic area. 相似文献
18.
Leah A Cohn Anthony T Gary William H Fales Richard W Madsen 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(4):338-343
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antimicrobial agents are used extensively in human and veterinary medicine. Widespread use of any antimicrobial agent can apply selective pressure on populations of bacteria, which may result in an increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Antimicrobial-susceptibility data on bacteria isolated from the canine urinary tract by the University of Missouri-Columbia Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, MO, were used to determine whether there has been an increase in the prevalence of FQ-resistant bacteria over time. Between January 1992 and December 2001, minimum inhibitory concentrations of either ciprofloxacin (1992-1998) or enrofloxacin (1998-2001) were determined for 1,478 bacterial isolates from the canine urinary tract. The predominant bacterial species isolated were Escherichia coli (547 isolates), Proteus mirabilis (156), and Staphylococcus intermedius (147). In all, there were 13 bacterial species with more than 25 isolates each. A significant increase in the overall proportion of resistant bacterial isolates was documented from 1992 to 2001 (Cochran-Armitage test for trend, P < 0.0001). The same increase in resistant isolates was documented when either ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin was analyzed separately (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0002, respectively). No difference was detected in rates of bacterial FQ resistance with regard to the sex of the dog from which the bacteria were isolated. The frequency with which some bacterial species were isolated differed with the sex of the infected dog. Proteus mirabilis was found more often in females (P < 0.0001), whereas beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp., were found more often in males (P = 0.0003). Although the overall efficacy of FQ antimicrobials remained high with greater than 80% of isolates being susceptible, the data demonstrated an increase in the proportion of resistant bacteria isolated from the urinary tract of the dog. 相似文献
19.
Wisselink HJ Veldman KT Van den Eede C Salmon SA Mevius DJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,113(1-2):73-82
The susceptibility of Streptococcus suis strains (n=384) isolated from diseased pigs in seven European countries to 10 antimicrobial agents was determined. For that purpose a microbroth dilution method was used according to CLSI recommendations. The following antimicrobial agents were tested: ceftiofur, cefquinome, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, tilmicosin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Using breakpoints established by CLSI for veterinary pathogens, all strains were susceptible to ceftiofur, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and penicillin. MIC-90 values of these antibiotics were < or = 0.03, 0.5, 2 and < or = 0.13 microg/mL, respectively. A low degree of resistance was observed for gentamicin (1.3%), spectinomycin (3.6%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (6.0%). MIC-90 values of these antibiotics were 8, 16 and 2 microg/mL, respectively. A high level of resistance was observed for tetracycline (75.1%). A MIC-90 value of 64 microg/mL was found for this antibiotic. Serotype-associated differences in MIC-90 values were observed for tetracycline, tilmicosin and trimethoprim/suphamethoxazole. 相似文献
20.
为了解猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对达氟沙星的敏感性和达氟沙星的杀菌效果,收集和分离48株猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法和菌落计数法对体外药物敏感性试验和生长曲线、杀菌曲线进行了研究。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对氨苄西林、磺胺异恶唑、头孢噻呋、大观霉素、黏菌素耐药率高,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、复方新诺明、氟苯尼考、多西环素、庆大霉素、四环素、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、达氟沙星敏感。达氟沙星最小抑菌浓度(MIC)集中在0.0078μg/m L。达氟沙星浓度在MIC及以上时,随浓度升高,杀菌时间缩短,为典型的浓度依赖型抗生素。该试验结果可用于指导猪传染性胸膜肺炎的临床预防和治疗。 相似文献