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1.
本试验以芭乐黄金果、紫香1号和台农1号西番莲品种扦插苗为试验材料，研究西番莲在低温条件下其植株生长及其体内保护酶活性变化情况，并通过恢复生长试验，测定植株存活率，进一步探明西番莲耐冷机理。试验结果表明，在低温处理下，各参试材料中丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性糖（SS）含量随温度降低而逐渐增加；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性测得值呈下降趋势、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和脯氨酸（Pro）含量测得值呈先增加后减少，在温度为10℃时，测得值均达到最大，在温度低于3℃时，测得值均低于对照；恢复生长试验中，3℃处理后的芭乐黄金果西番莲品种存活率为0，0℃处理后的三个参试品种，存活率均为0。综上所述，西番莲扦插苗受到低温伤害时，其叶片中MDA含量增加，诱导出POD、SOD和CAT保护酶活性，同时体内脯氨酸（Pro）和可溶性糖（SS）含量会逐渐积累增加，从而进一步提高植株抗寒性。 相似文献
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不同温度对马蹄金草坪生理生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在不同温度处理下，马蹄金叶片中还原糖含量，可溶性蛋白质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均发生明显的变化。结果表明，在温度胁迫下，马蹄金叶片中还原糖含量均增加；可溶性蛋白质含量在低温胁迫下呈下降趋势；MDA含量在-5℃时最大，在其他温度下均低于对照，随温度处理时间的延长MDA含量逐渐增加；SOD、POD和CAT活性在温度胁迫下均下降，但在0℃时SOD和POD活性上升。 相似文献
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为研究根瘤菌共生对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)在低温胁迫下抗寒生理指标变化的影响,对低温胁迫下接种和不接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿的地上部分及地下部分的相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖等指标进行测定。结果显示:低温胁迫下,根瘤菌共生紫花苜蓿的相对电导率(-6℃,4~6 h)显著低于不接种紫花苜蓿(P < 0.05),且其MDA含量低于不接种紫花苜蓿;根瘤菌共生紫花苜蓿的SOD比活力、CAT活性、POD活性以及脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量均高于不接种根瘤菌紫花苜蓿。根瘤菌共生紫花苜蓿在低温胁迫下具有更强的膜稳定性、活性氧防御以及渗透调节能力,具有更强的抗寒能力。 相似文献
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采用水培法研究NaCl胁迫下黑麦草幼苗根系活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质含量的变化及La(NO3)3对其变化的影响,结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,黑麦草幼苗根中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O2.-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量增大,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量先升后降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和可溶性糖、Na+含量不断提高,K+含量和质膜H+-ATP酶活性持续下降。添加20 mg/L La(NO3)3处理提高了NaCl胁迫下幼苗根中SOD、CAT和H+-ATP酶的活性及ASA、GSH、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和K+的含量,降低了APX活性及O2.-、H2O2、MDA、脯氨酸和Na+的含量,POD活性在低浓度NaCl(50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L)时下降,高浓度(200 mmol/L、300 mmol/L)时升高。表明适宜浓度的La(NO3)3可通过提高盐胁迫下根系清除活性氧和渗透调节的能力,降低植株的膜脂过氧化,从而增强黑麦草的耐盐性。 相似文献
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在不同强度的干旱胁迫下,对羊草幼苗中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白含量和游离脯氨酸含量指标进行测定。结果表明,羊草在干旱胁迫下能够通过增加保护酶活性抵御不良环境,同时羊草在干旱胁迫下具有较强渗透调节能力,抗旱性较强。 相似文献
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不同根颈直径苜蓿生理生化特性对低温胁迫的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究不同颈粗苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）的抗寒性与其根颈中生理生化特性的关系。以‘公农1号’紫花苜蓿为试验材料,对不同颈粗（3.50 mm,5.25 mm,7.00 mm）苜蓿根系进行低温胁迫（4℃,-10℃,-15℃,-20℃）处理,测定了苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：低温胁迫对苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量、非结构碳氮比（Cnstructured carbon nitrogen ratio,C/N）及过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）活性均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;随低温胁迫的增加不同颈粗的苜蓿根颈活力均降低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均呈增加-降低-增加的变化,淀粉含量、C/N和CAT活性均呈先增加后降低的趋势;苜蓿根颈活力大小与根颈中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、CAT活性及C/N显著相关（P<0.05）。研究认为,根颈直径大的苜蓿抗寒性较强,其通过调控根颈中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和CAT活性及C/N以适应低温胁迫。 相似文献
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为研究红三叶（Trifolium pratense）新品系（R）的耐低温性,本试验以岷山红三叶（CK1）和甘红1号红三叶（CK2）品种为对照,采用人工模拟低温环境的方法对其进行4℃低温胁迫,测定了各参试材料的叶片含水量（Content of leaf water,LWC）,叶绿素含量（Chlorophyll,CHL）,可溶性糖含量（Soluble Sugar,SS）,丙二醛含量（Malondialdehyde,MDA）,以及叶片超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）,过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）和过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）活性。结果表明,随着低温胁迫时间延长,3个红三叶材料叶片的LWC和CHL含量逐渐降低,MDA含量和SS含量则逐渐升高,POD,SOD和CAT活性均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势;3个参试材料中,R的LWC和SS含量最低,CHL,MDA含量及叶片SOD,POD和CAT活性最高;从红三叶材料×低温胁迫天数交互作用而言,R的LWC下降幅度较大,CHL含量显著高于CK2（P<0.05）,叶片SOD,POD和CAT活性显著高于2对照材料（P<0.05）。采用隶属函数法对3个红三叶材料的耐低温性综合评价表明,3个红三叶材料耐低温性强弱依次为R > CK1 > CK2。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
19.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献