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生物和非生物胁迫对农作物产量和生态环境造成极大的威胁,林草植物对外界环境具有较强的适应能力,因此挖掘林草植物抗逆基因,分析其抗逆机制已经成为当下的研究趋势。随着科学技术的发展,利用生物测序技术研究植物抗逆的分子机制已成为当今植物逆境生理和分子生物学研究的一个重大课题,其中转录组测序(RNA-seq)研究是揭示植物抗逆机理以及筛选抗逆基因的主要研究技术。以Roche/454、Illumina/Solexa和ABI/SOLID为代表的二代测序技术(NGS)发展迅速,相较于传统测序手段具有成本低、测序时间短、高通量等优点,已被广泛应用于全基因组、RNA-seq和miRNA测序等研究。因此,RNA-seq技术可加快林草植物抗逆机制的研究和抗逆基因资源的挖掘,从而为农作物、优良林草植物抗逆性遗传改良和新品种培育奠定基础。本研究详细介绍了近年来NGS技术在林草植物应对病虫害、高温、冷害、盐、干旱以及土地贫瘠等方面的转录组学的研究进展,最后针对转录组测序的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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作为生物技术领域的前沿,转基因技术已在多种植物上取得重大进展。紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）是公认的优质牧草,通过转基因技术改良其遗传性状,提高其产量、抗性、品质等重要农艺性状已成为研究热点。本研究围绕与生产实践密切相关的非生物胁迫、生物胁迫、除草剂抗性、品质改良和生物反应器5个方面,归纳总结了近期紫花苜蓿转基因研究进展,并根据转基因紫花苜蓿的生物安全性和研究中存在的问题,分别提出了针对性建议并为今后的研究指明了方向,以期为我国紫花苜蓿的转基因基础研究和应用开发提供有益信息。 相似文献
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糖皮质激素在仔猪早期断乳应激中的生理作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文探讨了应激与糖皮质激素水平之间的关系，认为：(1)一些试验得出糖皮质激素变化不一致的结论与测定时间和试验条件不同有关。(2)并非所有的应激反应都有积极的适应意义。(3)血浆中高水平的糖皮质激素会因其受体水平过低而无法发挥作用。(4)营养应激反应对于早期断乳仔猪的生存是必需的。 相似文献
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Information on oxidative stress under hot conditions from the levels of cells to organs and the whole body has accumulated in the last decades. Although a hot climate decreased dairy performance, changes of oxidative stress markers under hot conditions have remained obscure. Therefore, the effect of high environmental temperature on ascorbic acid, sulfhydryl (SH) residue and oxidized lipids concentrations in plasma from a total of 128 dairy cows was investigated. The monthly average maximum day temperature varied from 9.2°C in January to 32°C in August of 2004 in this institute. High ambient temperatures increased the rectal temperature of dairy cows up to 39.3°C in August. One of the reducing equivalents in plasma, SH residue concentration, decreased in July compared with December (P < 0.05). Another antiradical molecule, ascorbic acid concentration in plasma, also decreased in July (P < 0.01). The oxidative stress index, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), which was produced from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids under oxidative conditions, increased in summer (P < 0.05). A significant positive relationship of SH residue and ascorbic acid concentrations in the hot season was observed (P < 0.01). A negative correlation between rectal temperatures and ascorbic acid concentrations in the hot season was obtained (P < 0.01). However, TBARS concentration varied independently of the SH residue and ascorbic acid concentration. These results suggest that the response of oxidative stress markers of SH residue, ascorbic acid and TBARS concentration to oxidative stress under hot conditions were not shown to be the same, and that oxidative stress in dairy cows in the hot season increased. 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫冬油菜的主导因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用4种盐分为A因素（NaCl、Na2SO4、Na2CO3和NaHCO3的依次盐分组成摩尔比为A1（1∶9∶9∶1）、A2（1∶1∶1∶1）、A3（9∶1∶1∶9）和A4（1∶1∶9∶9）与5种盐浓度为B因素（盐浓度B1、B2、B3、B4和B5 分别为10、20、30、40和50 mmol·L-1）的双因素试验,模拟20种不同盐度和pH的盐碱条件处理冬油菜“陇油6号”（Brassica campestris cv.Longyou No.6）的种子和幼苗7 d后,测定其种子发芽率、幼苗叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量和根系活力等指标。结果表明,随着处理盐浓度的增加,种子发芽率、幼苗根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量降低,叶片细胞膜透性和脯氨酸的含量增加;降低和增加程度由A1～A4大体增强,不同盐组成处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。用盐度(Na+)、pH值、CO32-和Cl-代表盐碱混合条件所有胁迫因素,胁迫因素与胁变指标间均具有高度线性相关性。pH值、盐度(Na+)和CO32-是盐碱混合条件对冬油菜胁迫的主导因素,而Cl-的胁迫作用也不可忽略。 相似文献
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Burns TA Westerman T Nuovo GJ Watts MR Pettigrew A Yin C Belknap JK 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(3):540-548
Background: Oxidative stress reportedly plays a role in sepsis‐induced organ dysfunction and failure in many species. In septic horses, laminae are targeted; evidence of laminar oxidative stress has been reported experimentally in the black walnut extract (BWE) model. Carbohydrate (CHO)‐induced laminitis may be more similar to clinical sepsis‐related laminitis than the BWE model in that animals with CHO‐induced disease commonly develop laminar failure. The role of oxidative stress in the CHO model remains unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives: Markers of oxidative stress will be increased in laminae from horses with BWE‐ and CHO‐induced laminitis. Animals: Banked laminar tissue from various time points from animals subjected to BWE (n = 15) and CHO (n = 20) protocols. Methods: Laminar 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) and protein carbonyl content were evaluated by slot blot analysis. Laminar 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) immunohistochemistry was performed. Results: The number of laminar 3‐NT (+) cells was increased at developmental and Obel grade 1 (OG1) time points in the BWE model (versus control [CON]; P= .013) and lower in OG1 tissues than CON in the CHO model (P= .04). No change in 4‐HNE content was observed in the CHO model, and no increase in laminar protein carbonyl content was present in either model (P > .05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results do not support a prominent role for oxidative stress at examined time points in CHO‐overload laminitis and support transient oxidative stress in the BWE model. Tissue oxidation does not appear to be a central early pathophysiologic event in CHO‐associated laminitis. 相似文献
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J.A. Milne 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):119-121
Extract Typical cases of the “staggers” syndrome associated with Phalaris tuberosa poisoning occurred at Invermay Research Station in October, 1954. It is being recorded because detailed records of pasture management and climatic conditions are available for the period when symptoms were seen, also the pasture composition of the Phalaris plot. 相似文献
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Jaísa Casetta Ricardo Pereira Ribeiro Vanessa Lewandowski Angélica de Souza Khatlab Adhemar Rodrigues de Oliveira Neto Wilson Rogério Boscolo Eliane Gasparino 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(6):1214-1225
This study evaluated the effect of methionine supplementation, predation risk and their interaction on gut histology, whole-body cortisol levels, and intestinal gene expression in zebrafish. A total of 360 one-year-old animals were maintained under two environmental conditions and fed diets containing different methionine sources. Fish were fed either a control diet (CTL, without methionine supplementation), a diet supplemented with dl -methionine (DLM), or a diet supplemented with methionine dipeptide (MM) in the absence (AP) of a predator or in the presence of the predator (PP) for 48 h or 20 days. Predator-induced stress for 20 days resulted in lower body weight. Zebrafish fed methionine-supplemented diets had higher weight gain than control fish. We found no effect of predation stress or methionine supplementation on cortisol level. Predation risk and methionine supplementation showed no interaction effect on dipeptide transporter gene expression. After 48 h of predation pressure, zebrafish had higher mRNA expression of SOD2, CAT and GPX1 in the gut. After 20 days of exposure to the predator, zebrafish fed methionine-supplemented diets had lower expression of GPX1, SOD2 and CAT than those diet CTL. Methionine dipeptide and free methionine supplementation improved growth, intestinal health and survivability of zebrafish both conditions. 相似文献
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Carroll JA Burdick NC Chase CC Coleman SW Spiers DE 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2012,43(2):146-153
Although livestock experience many stressors throughout their life, one of the most commonly experienced, and most difficult to control, is stress caused by fluctuations in environmental temperatures that extend beyond the thermoneutral (TN) zone for an animal. In swine, cold stress has long been recognized as a main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. A possible explanation for this increased morbidity and mortality may be related to their inability to generate a febrile response. Previously, we reported that the acute phase immune response, including the generation of fever, after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli O111: B4; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) is substantially altered in neonatal pigs maintained in a cold environment (ie, 18°C). Neonatal pigs that were maintained in a cold environment and administered LPS experienced a period of hypothermia coupled with altered endocrine and proinflammatory cytokine responses that could prove detrimental. In cattle, we previously reported differences in the acute phase immune response of two diverse breeds of Bos taurus cattle (Angus and Romosinuano) when maintained under TN conditions and exposed to LPS. More recently we have reported that differences in the stress and immune responses of Angus and Romosinuano heifers varies, depending on whether the cattle were housed at either TN or heat stress air temperatures. Our data clearly show that even intermittent periods of heat stress similar to that experienced in production environments can have significant effects on the stress and innate immune responses of cattle. Understanding the effect of thermal stress on livestock is critical to developing and implementing alternative management practices to improve their overall health and well-being. 相似文献
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A. Al-Dawood 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2017,67(1-2):58-65
This study aimed to evaluate haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in goats following exposure to heat and transportation stressors. In the heat stress (HS) experiment (4-week period), six goats were exposed to direct solar radiation vs. six goats exposed to shade regimen. In the transportation stress experiment, six goats were transported for 2?h in a vehicle vs. a control group (n?=?6). Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) were measured. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and body weight were recorded. All statistical analyses were performed using the proc General Linear Model (SPSS 19.0). Results indicated that Hp and SAA concentrations were significantly affected by HS (P?P?相似文献
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Tetsushi HIRANO Shogo YANAI Takuya OMOTEHARA Rie HASHIMOTO Yuria UMEMURA Naoto KUBOTA Kiichi MINAMI Daichi NAGAHARA Eiko MATSUO Yoshiko AIHARA Ryota SHINOHARA Tomoyuki FURUYASHIKI Youhei MANTANI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Hiroshi KITAGAWA Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1207-1215
Neonicotinoids, some of the most widely used pesticides in the world, act as agonists to
the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects, resulting in death from
abnormal excitability. Neonicotinoids unexpectedly became a major topic as a compelling
cause of honeybee colony collapse disorder, which is damaging crop production that
requires pollination worldwide. Mammal nAChRs appear to have a certain affinity for
neonicotinoids with lower levels than those of insects; there is thus rising concern about
unpredictable adverse effects of neonicotinoids on vertebrates. We hypothesized that the
effects of neonicotinoids would be enhanced under a chronic stressed condition, which is
known to alter the expression of targets of neonicotinoids, i.e.,
neuronal nAChRs. We performed immunohistochemical and behavioral analyses in male mice
actively administered a neonicotinoid, clothianidin (CTD; 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day),
for 4 weeks under an unpredictable chronic stress procedure. Vacuolated seminiferous
epithelia and a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione
peroxidase 4 were observed in the testes of the CTD+stress mice. In an open field test,
although the locomotor activities were not affected, the anxiety-like behaviors of the
mice were elevated by both CTD and stress. The present study demonstrates that the
behavioral and reproductive effects of CTD become more serious in combination with
environmental stress, which may reflect our actual situation of multiple exposure. 相似文献