共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
呼吸道疾病严重威胁畜禽养殖业的发展,导致动物生长缓慢,使发病率和死亡率大幅升高,造成巨大的经济损失。胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌等是诱发猪呼吸道感染的常见病原菌。头孢喹肟为第4代头孢菌素类动物专用抗生素,具有抗菌谱广、吸收速度快、达峰时间短、生物利用度高、对哺乳动物毒性低及对β-内酰胺酶稳定的特点,能有效治疗猪呼吸道类疾病,防止耐药性的产生。文章阐述了头孢喹肟的理化特性、杀菌机理、药动学特征等,并通过比较头孢喹肟在不同动物体内的药学参数表明头孢喹肟在猪体内达峰时间短,达峰浓度高,消除半衰期较长,能迅速发挥高效的抗菌作用,且能维持一定时间的抗菌效果;系统地介绍了头孢喹肟对猪呼吸道主要致病菌的体外抗菌活性及临床治疗效果,发现呼吸道临床病原菌对头孢喹肟敏感性高,临床应用前景广。目前头孢喹肟在临床应用存在一些问题,不合理使用会导致其出现耐药性,通过PK-PD同步模型的研究及耐药判定标准的建立,可为该药的合理应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
3.
头孢喹肟属于动物专用的第四代头孢菌素,对β-内酰胺酶高度稳定.临床常用制剂硫酸头孢喹肟注射液可肌肉注射或乳房灌注,具有吸收快,达峰时间短、生物利用度高等优点,广泛用于猪、牛等动物疾病的临床治疗.综述了硫酸头孢喹肟注射液在猪、牛呼吸系统感染及奶牛乳房炎治疗中的应用,以期为临床使用提供参考. 相似文献
4.
5.
<正>头孢喹肟(Cefquinome,CEQ),又称头孢喹诺,是德国Hoechst Roussel Vet公司开发的第1个动物专用第4代头孢菌素类抗生素,主要用于猪和牛细菌性呼吸道感染、奶牛乳房炎等疾病的治疗。我国农业部也已批准国产头孢喹肟原料及其注射液为国家二类新兽药。头孢喹肟具有抗菌谱广、动物专用、用量少、生物利用度高、疗效显著、残留低、使用安全等优点,在畜禽养殖生产中具有非常广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
6.
头孢喹肟具有很广的抗菌谱,很强的抗菌活性,可以迅速吸收,具有安全,高效的特点,对由耐药金葡菌等革兰氏阳性菌及一些革兰氏阴性杆菌引起的严重感染,如肺部感染、尿路感染、败血症、脑膜炎、心内膜炎、子宫内膜炎等具有显著的疗效,未来有望广泛应用于猪、牛的临床治疗。头孢喹肟,又称头胞喹诺,是动物用第四代头胞类药物。本文主要综述硫酸头孢喹肟在猪、牛体内的药理学最新研究进展,包括硫酸头孢喹肟的药效学研究、药动学研究、毒理学研究、残留消除、临床应用五方面内容。以期为临床应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
7.
8.
10.
11.
Prevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus suis in representative Ontario swine herds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Janet I. MacInnes Marcelo Gottschalk Abdul G. Lone Devon S. Metcalf Shivani Ojha Thomas Rosendal Sheila B. Watson Robert M. Friendship 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(3):242-248
Tonsillar and nasal swabs were collected from weanling pigs in 50 representative Ontario swine herds and tested for the presence of 5 important bacterial upper respiratory tract pathogens. All but 1 herd (2%) tested positive for Streptococcus suis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); 48% of herds were S. suis serovar 2, 1/2 positive. In all but 2 herds there was evidence of Haemophilus parasuis infection. In contrast, toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida were detected by a P. multocida--enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (PMT-ELISA) in only one herd. Seventy-eight percent of the herds were diagnosed positive for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by apxIV PCR. Sera from finishing pigs on the same farms were also collected and tested by ELISA for the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae antibodies. Seventy percent of the herds tested had evidence of antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae including serovars 1-9-11 (2%), 2 (4%), 3-6-8-15 (15%), 5 (6%), 4-7 (26%), and 12 (17%). This likely represents a shift from previous years when infection with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 5, and 7 predominated. At least 16% and possibly as many as 94% of the herds tested were Actinobacillus suis positive; only 3 of the 50 herds were both A. pleuropneumoniae and A. suis negative as judged by the absence of a positive PCR test for apxII. Taken together, these data suggest that over the past 10 years, there has been a shift in the presence of pathogenic bacteria carried by healthy Ontario swine with the virtual elimination of toxigenic strains of P. multocida and a move to less virulent A. pleuropneumoniae serovars. As well, there appears to be an increase in prevalence of S. suis serovar 2, 1/2, but this may be a reflection of the use of a more sensitive detection method. 相似文献
12.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between different pathogens in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 100 pigs showing no clinical signs and 239 pigs with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, US-type porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), EU-type PRRSV, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), influenza virus type A, alpha-haemolytic Streptococcus species, beta-haemolytic Streptococcus species, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. These potential pathogens were detected more frequently in the pigs with respiratory problems than in the pigs with no clinical signs. pcv-2 and alpha-haemolytic streptococci were the pathogens most frequently detected; A pleuropneumoniae was isolated in only two cases. There were more often associations between the organisms in the pigs with clinical signs than in the healthy pigs. In particular, alpha-haemolytic streptococci and M hyopneumoniae were both associated with the presence of M hyorhinis, EU-type PRRSV, P multocida and B bronchiseptica, and alpha-haemolytic streptococci also occurred more often in pigs that were already infected with other pathogens. P multocida and B bronchiseptica were both significantly associated with M hyopneumoniae, alpha-haemolytic streptococci, EU-type PRRSV and US-type PRRSV. 相似文献
13.
猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的建立可以同时检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速而可靠的PCR检测方法。方法和结果根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的Apx-VIA基因序列、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的16SrRNA基因序列设计5条引物。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌模板的PCR扩增产物大小分别为342bp,485bp和1258bp。复合PCR对1～12型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌标准株,6株多杀性巴氏杆菌标准株,1～15型副猪嗜血杆菌以及25株经生化鉴定确认为上述三种细菌的分离株的基因组DNA作为模板进行检测,均获得预期大小的扩增产物。以猪放线杆菌、吲哚放线杆菌等14种常见细菌作为阴性对照进行PCR检测,结果仅有支气管败血波氏杆菌产生了可以和上述三个特异性条带明显区分的PCR产物。复合PCR针对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的敏感性分别为14pg、34pg和37pg。结论本研究建立的复合PCR特异性好,敏感性高,可以用于猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速检测。 相似文献
14.
Possibilities for the establishment of pneumonia-free swine herds by immunization and administration of cefquinome] 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D Schimmel 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,105(11):378-380
The application of Bordetella and Pasteurella inactivated and adsorbed vaccines together with cefquinome to sows, piglets and weaners led to a significant reduction of the incidence of rhinitis atrophicans and pneumonia. The frequency of positive isolates of P. multocida, H. parasuis and A. pleuropneumoniae out of nasal swabs was reduced during the treatment. 相似文献
15.
Moorkamp L Nathues H Spergser J Tegeler R Beilage EG 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,175(2):273-275
The objective of this study was to compare the detection rate of bacterial agents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), taken without visual control, to that in affected lung tissue obtained from the same pig at necropsy. BALF and affected lung tissue were examined for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using PCR, and standard cultural methods were used for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis. All pigs with a history of respiratory symptoms were submitted as live animals for routine diagnostic examination. In each animal the site of lavage, marked by injecting methylene blue, differed from the site of pneumonic lesions. M. hyopneumoniae was detected more frequently in lung tissue than in BALF in cases with moderate or severe lung lesions. The detection rates of M. hyopneumoniae were higher in the BALF of pigs with mild lesions. Cultural examination of BALF was at least as satisfactory as affected lung tissue for detecting B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis and P. multocida. 相似文献
16.
Palzer A Ritzmann M Majzoub M Wolf G Hermanns W Heinritzi K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(11-12):483-489
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and influence of different causative organisms involved in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 339 pigs was examined molecular-biologically and culturally. The evaluation considered the following pathogens: Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis, PRRSV (US-Type), PRRSV (EU-Type), PCV-2, Influenzavirus Type A, alpha-haemolytic Streptococci, beta-haemolytic Streptococci, Pasteurella (P.) multocida, Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica, Haemophilus (H.) parasuis and Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae. This was followed by a pathological-anatomical examination in 168 pigs. Pathological-anatomical examination was evaluated for possible interstitial pneumonia, catarrhal-purulent bronchopneumonia and pleuritis. alpha-haemolytic Streptococci, PCV-2, H. parasuis, M. hyorhinis, M. hyopneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, PRRSV (US-Type), P. multocida, PRRSV (EU-Type) and Influenzavirus Type A were evident in descending incidence in the BALF. A. pleuropneumoniae were only isolated culturally in two cases in the BALF. The frequency and semiquantitative detection rate in the bacteriological culture of alpha-haemolytic Steptococci, M. hyopneumoniae, P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica correlated significantly with the ascertained clinical evaluation score and the pathological-anatomical examination score. M. hyorhinis and Influenzavirus Type A only correlated with the severity degree of clinical appearance, while PCV-2 and PRRSV (US-Type) correlated with the frequency of pathological-anatomical changes. The higher the clinical score, the higher was the number of animals ascertained with five or more different pathogens. The more different causal agents were isolated in the BALF of one animal, the higher was the average pathological-anatomical examination score. For the diagnosis of pneumonia, especially when analysing facultative pathogens or secondary pathogens, a useful interpretation of analysis results is only possible in connection with a clinical and pathological evaluation. 相似文献
17.
Gutiérrez L Vargas D Ocampo L Sumano H Martinez R Tapia G 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(9):2926-2931
Florfenicol administered through the drinking water has been recommended as a metaphylactic antibacterial drug to control outbreaks of respiratory diseases in pigs caused by strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, yet it is difficult to pinpoint in practice when the drug is given metaphylactically or therapeutically. Further, pigs are likely to reject florfenicol-medicated water, and plasma concentrations of the drug are likely to be marginal for diseases caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The reported minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for these organisms show a breakpoint of 2 to 3 μg/mL. An experiment was conducted during September and October 2009. One hundred twenty healthy crossbred pigs (Landrace-Yorkshire), weighing 23 ± 6.2 kg, were used in this trial. They were randomly assigned to 5 groups, with 3 replicates of 8 animals/group. Two commercial preparations of florfenicol were administered through the drinking water at 2 concentrations (0.01 and 0.015%). Water intake was measured before and after medication, and plasma concentrations of florfenicol were determined by HPLC. Considerable rejection of florfenicol-medicated water was observed. However, plasma florfenicol concentrations were of a range sufficient for a methaphylaxis approach to preventing disease by bacteria, with MIC breakpoints of ≤ 0.25 μg/mL. Decreased efficacy as a metaphylactic medication should be expected for bacteria with MIC >0.25 μg/mL, considering the reported existence of bacteria resistant to florfenicol and the natural resistance of Streptococcus suis or E. coli to this drug. 相似文献
18.
In vitro activity of five tetracyclines and some other antimicrobial agents against four porcine respiratory tract pathogens 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A. PIJPERS B. VAN KLINGEREN E.J. SCHOEVERS J. H. M. VERHEIJDEN A. S.J. P. A. M. VAN MIERT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1989,12(3):267-276
The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of five tetracyclines and ten other antimicrobial agents were determined for four porcine bacterial respiratory tract pathogens by the agar dilution method. For the following oxytetracycline-susceptible strains, the MIC50 ranges of the tetracyclines were: P. multocida (n = 17) 0.25-0.5 micrograms/ml; B. bronchiseptica (n = 20) 0.25-1.0 micrograms/ml; H. pleuropneumoniae (n = 20) 0.25-0.5 micrograms/ml; S. suis Type 2 (n = 20) 0.06-0.25 micrograms/ml. For 19 oxytetracycline-resistant P. multocida strains the MIC50 of the tetracyclines varied from 64 micrograms/ml for oxytetracycline to 0.5 micrograms/ml for minocycline. Strikingly, minocycline showed no cross-resistance with oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline in P. multocida and in H. pleuropneumoniae. Moreover, in susceptible strains minocycline showed the highest in vitro activity followed by doxycycline. Low MIC50 values were observed for chloramphenicol, ampicillin, flumequine, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against P. multocida and H. pleuropneumoniae. B. bronchiseptica was moderately susceptible or resistant to these compounds. As expected tiamulin, lincomycin, tylosin and spiramycin were not active against H. pleuropneumoniae. Except for flumequine, the MIC50 values of nine antimicrobial agents were low for S. suis Type 2. Six strains of this species showed resistance to the macrolides and lincomycin. 相似文献
19.
In vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinomyces pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar activity and were more active than norfloxacin. All isolates had an MIC of 1.0 microgram/mL or less for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and these drugs had particularly marked activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested. 相似文献