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1.
A 4 x 4 Latin square design was used to determine ileal apparent digestibility of amino acids (AAs) in corn, soybean meal, feather meal and dried whey in young pigs. The data were then to be used in formulating a basal diet for studies on AA metabolism in young pigs. Eight castrates T-cannulated at terminal ileum (average initial body weight 12.5 +/- 0.62 kg) were divided into 4 groups on the basis of body weight and transferred to individual metabolism crates. They were then fed four experimental diets containing the four feedstuffs to be tested (corn, soybean meal, feather meal and dried whey). The trial lasted 20 days, which included 4 five-day periods for ileal digesta collection. It was found that the digestibility of the AAs was similar to that reported in literature. Based on the findings a basal diet for this research was formulated according to an ideal protein model for the 10 to 20 kg piglet, on the basis of digestible AAs and containing 14.13 MJ/kg digestible energy, 18.22% crude protein, 1.04% digestible lysine and 0.23% digestible histidine.  相似文献   

2.
本研究包括2个试验,试验1旨在评定大豆磷脂油的有效能值;试验2旨在研究大豆磷脂油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清脂质代谢及直肠微生物数量的影响。试验1(代谢试验):选用16头平均体重(27.54±1.20)kg的"杜×长×大"去势公猪,随机分为2个组,每个组8个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮和4%大豆磷脂油替换基础饲粮的试验饲粮,预试期5d,正试期4 d。试验2(饲养试验):选用54头23日龄断奶、初始体重(6.50±0.48)kg"杜×长×大"仔猪,按体重相近原则随机分为3个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复3头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮(含2%大豆油,对照组)、1.0%磷脂油饲粮(大豆磷脂油等量替代基础饲粮中50%大豆油,即含1.0%大豆油+1.0%磷脂油)和1.5%磷脂油饲粮(大豆磷脂油等能替代基础饲粮中50%大豆油,即含1.0%大豆油+1.5%磷脂油),试验期35 d。代谢试验结果表明:大豆磷脂油的表观消化能为31.32 MJ/kg,表观代谢能为30.07 MJ/kg。饲养试验结果表明,与对照组相比:1)第15~35天,1.0%、1.5%磷脂油饲粮组仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)分别提高了6.23%和3.13%(P0.05),平均日增重(ADG)分别提高了6.66%和5.28%(P0.05);第1~35天,1.0%磷脂油饲粮组仔猪ADFI和ADG分别提高了5.34%和5.64%(P0.05)。2)1.0%磷脂油饲粮组仔猪腹泻率和腹泻指数分别降低了5.81%和13.41%(P0.05)。3)1.0%磷脂油饲粮组仔猪血清甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸的含量分别降低了10.91%和12.80%(P0.05);1.5%磷脂油饲粮组血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量分别降低了7.27%、5.33%和10.53%(P0.05)。4)第15天,1.0%和1.5%磷脂油饲粮组仔猪直肠粪便大肠杆菌数量分别降低了4.88%和4.12%(P0.05);第36天,1.0%磷脂油饲粮组仔猪直肠粪便大肠杆菌数量降低了4.88%(P0.05)。综上可见,大豆磷脂油的表观消化能为31.32 MJ/kg,表观代谢能为30.07 MJ/kg;饲粮添加1.0%大豆磷脂油等量替代基础饲粮中的大豆油,可一定程度提高仔猪ADFI和ADG,降低腹泻率和直肠粪便大肠杆菌数量。  相似文献   

3.
选择30头28日龄断奶的DLY仔猪,平均体重(8.22±0.31)kg,按体重、性别、品种一致原则随机分为3个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别饲喂可消化赖氨酸水平相同,蛋白水平分别为17.0%、19.0%、21.0%的三种不同日粮,考察不同蛋白水平对仔猪生产性能和营养物质消化率的影响。试验结果表明:在氨基酸水平与模式一致时,日粮中蛋白水平对仔猪生长性能没有明显差异,以日粮中蛋白质水平为19%时,乳猪的生长性能最佳。  相似文献   

4.
Two hundred and six mature sows were used to evaluate the effect of adding a total of 3 kg of fat to sow diets for an average of eight days before and seven days after parturition on piglet viability and performance.The addition of fat to the diet of sows had no effect on the percentage of piglets born alive, individual piglet birth weight, weight of the piglet at three weeks of age or the weaning to service interval in the sows. However, there was a significant increase in piglet survival (3.4%) between treated and control sows. Birth weight had a marked effect on piglet survival but there was no indication of a greater effect of added fat in the sows' diet on the survival of smaller piglets. A number of piglets were cross-fostered but fostering had no effect on piglet mortality. A comparison of the mortality of piglets born from sows receiving added fat and reared on controls and vice versa indicated that the major benefits of additional fat in the sow diet were effected in utero rather than via an increase in the quality of the sows' milk.  相似文献   

5.
灭菌散对仔猪腹泻的防治研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
仔猪腹泻是一种主要由大肠杆菌引起的危害严重的疾病,在养猪生产中,特别是采用仔猪早期断奶技术后普遍存在.本试验根据中兽医学的基础理论和仔猪腹泻的临床表现,研制了一种中药制剂-灭菌散.选择以黄连、黄柏、黄芪、甘草、白头翁、干姜和大蒜等20多种中草药为主组成的灭菌散制剂,煎成1g/mL的中药汤剂,以0.2%的比例添加到日粮中.选择(28±1)日龄杜长大断奶仔猪60头,随机分成2组,每组30头.2组均饲喂基础日粮,试验组另添加0.2%的中药汤剂.给药后8 d,每组选择5头,前腔静脉采血做血液学和免疫学指标检测.试验结果表明,0.2%中药汤剂能有效预防仔猪腹泻,并能提高RBC、TP、IgG的数量和水平,腹泻率较对照组下降33.7%(P＜0.01).灭菌散是一种能有效防治仔猪腹泻的候选制剂.  相似文献   

6.
The effects of high ambient temperature and level of dietary heat increment on sow milk production and piglet performance over a 28-d lactation were determined in 59 multiparous crossbred Large White x Landrace pigs kept at a thermoneutral (20 degrees C) or in a hot (29 degrees C) constant ambient temperature. Experimental diets fed during lactation were a control diet (NP; 17.6% CP) and two low-protein diets obtained by reduction of CP level (LP; 14.2% CP) or both reduction of CP and addition of fat (LPF; 15.2% CP); the NE:ME ratio was 74.3, 75.6, and 75.8% for NP, LP, and LPF diets, respectively. All diets provided 0.82 g of digestible lysine/MJ of NE, and ratios between essential AA and lysine were above recommendations. Creep feed was provided after d 21 of lactation. Reduction of CP level did not influence (P > 0.10) milk production, milk composition, or piglet performance. Despite higher nursing frequency (39 vs 34 sucklings per day), milk production decreased (P < 0.01) from 10.43 to 7.35 kg/d when temperature increased from 20 to 29 degrees C. At d 14, DM (18.6 vs 18.1%) and energy (4.96 vs 4.75 MJ/kg) contents in milk tended (P = 0.09) to be higher in sows kept at 29 degrees C. Over the 28-d lactation, piglet BW gain and BW at weaning decreased (P < 0.01) from 272 to 203 g/d and 9.51 to 7.52 kg, respectively, when temperature increased from 20 to 29 degrees C. Daily creep feed intake over the 4th wk of lactation was higher (P < 0.01) at 29 degrees C than at 20 degrees C (388 vs 232 g/litter, respectively), which was reflected in a greater increase in BW gain between wk 1 to 3 and wk 4 at the higher temperature (147 vs 130%); BW gain between weaning and d 14 postweaning was higher (P < 0.05) for piglets originating from sows kept at 29 degrees C (280 vs 218 g/d). In connection with their lower growth rate, DM (31.2 vs 33.0%), protein (15.5 vs 16.0%), lipid (12.3 vs 13.9%), and energy (8.39 vs 9.09 kJ/g) contents in weaned, slaughtered piglets were lower (P < 0.01) at 29 than at 20 degrees C. In conclusion, modification in the CP:NE ratio in order to decrease dietary heat increment did not affect milk production and piglet performance in thermoneutral or hot climatic conditions. Our results confirm the negative effect of high ambient temperatures on milk yield and emphasize the importance of creep feed supply to improve pre- and postweaning growth of piglets in these conditions, especially when weaning occurs after 3 wk of age.  相似文献   

7.
为了探讨大豆活性肽对仔猪生长性能、血液指标及氧化应激参数的影响,试验选取仔猪48头,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复,每重复8头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用大豆活性肽替代2%豆粕的日粮。结果:添加2%大豆活性肽,20 d时,显著提高了仔猪粗脂肪、粗蛋白的消化率(P<0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平略高于对照组;50 d时,大豆活性肽显著提高了仔猪干物质、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),而且总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及TP水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);全程试验组日增重均显著的高于对照组,料重比、腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),然而对尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三脂(TG)影响不明显。  相似文献   

8.
This study evaluated the effect of high or low digestible energy ratio of carbohydrate in a high or normal dietary energy density on performance, amino acid utilization and intestinal functions of weaned piglets. A total of 32 healthy weaners (9.60 ± 0.13 kg) were allocated to two dietary energy densities (3,400 and 3,800 kcal/kg) and two digestible energy ratio of carbohydrate to fat (9:1 and 3:1) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were eight piglets per treatment. The feed intake of piglets was significantly increased by dietary high carbohydrate ratio (9:1) (p < 0.01); however, this did not result in improved body weight gain (p > 0.05). The piglets fed high carbohydrate energy ratio had a reduced villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio in the duodenum (p < 0.05), and dietary high energy density further decreased the VH/CD ratio in the ileum (p < 0.01). In the duodenum, the lymphocyte count was increased by dietary high energy density (p < 0.05), while dietary energy density and carbohydrate energy ratio interacted to increase lymphocyte count in the ileum (p < 0.05). The serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein were not significantly affected (p > 0.05), but dietary energy density interacted with dietary energy ratio to increase high‐density lipoprotein concentration (p < 0.05) in piglets fed reduced carbohydrate energy ratio. Dietary high energy density reduced energy digestibility (p < 0.05), whereas high carbohydrate energy ratio increased crude protein digestibility in the piglets (p < 0.05). The intestinal sucrase, lactase activities and serum concentrations of histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, alanine, glycine, tyrosine and citrulline were higher in the piglets fed dietary increased carbohydrate energy ratio. Oxidative stress markers and volatile fatty acids concentrations were altered by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that dietary high energy density could be detrimental to piglets intestinal functions and that increased carbohydrate energy ratio could affect amino acid utilization and body weight gain in weaner pigs.  相似文献   

9.
Calcium and phosphorus are essential minerals, closely linked in digestive processes and metabolism. With widespread use of low P diets containing exogenous phytase, the optimal dietary Ca level was verified. The 40‐day study evaluated the effects of Ca level (4, 7 and 10 g/kg diet) and Ca source (Ca from CaCO3 and from Lithothamnium calcareum) on mineral utilisation in 72 piglets (7.9 ± 1.0 kg BW) fed an exogenous phytase containing diet with 2.9 g digestible P/kg. Measured parameters were growth performance, stomach mineral solubility, bone breaking strength and urinary, serum and bone mineral concentration. The apparent total tract digestibility of minerals was also assessed in the two diets with 7 g Ca/kg, using 12 additional pigs. Regardless of Ca source, increasing dietary Ca impaired feed conversion ratio, increased urinary pH, increased serum and urinary Ca, decreased serum and urinary P, decreased serum Mg and increased urinary Mg, increased serum AP activity, decreased bone Mg increased bone Zn. Bone breaking strength was improved with 7 compared to 4 g Ca/kg. Compared to CaCO3, Ca from Lithothamnium calcareum increased serum Mg and with, 10 g Ca/kg, it limited body weight gain. The dose response of Ca in a diet with 2.9 g digestible P/kg and including exogenous phytase indicated that: (i) a low dietary Ca was beneficial for piglet growth, but was limiting the metabolic use of P; (ii) a high dietary Ca level impaired P utilisation; (iii) the optimal P utilisation and bone breaking strength was obtained with a dietary Ca‐to‐digestible P ratio of 2.1 to 2.4:1; (iv). Increasing dietary Ca reduced Mg utilisation, but not Zn status, when fed at adequate level. Finally, Ca from Lithothamnium calcareum had similar effects on Ca and P metabolism as CaCO3, but impaired growth when fed at the highest inclusion level.  相似文献   

10.
In balance trials the effect of a 50% protein restriction with subsequent realimentation on N balance, endogenous N excretion, digestible and metabolisable energy was tested using 36 piglets. The dietary protein content during the restriction period from 5-12 kg live weight was 22.9 (control) and 12.4% of the dry matter and during the realimentation period from 12-18 kg live weight in both groups 17.2%. Protein quality and energy supply were not changed between the groups. Restricted protein supply proportionally reduced N retention with slightly improved efficiency of digestible N from 67 to 70%. During realimentation the previously reduced N supply did not influence N retention but increased the apparent N digestibility by 2% units. The endogenous N losses as well as digestible and metabolisable energy were not different between the groups. It was concluded that compensatory responses of the N metabolism might require a stronger dietary restriction and respectively or a longer restriction period.  相似文献   

11.
A total of 104 sows of different parities were studied. They were fed four diets with different phosphorus (P) levels during gestation for two reproductive cycles, while the same diet was fed during lactation. The aim was to decrease the total P level in the diet during gestation and to evaluate the effect on sow performance. The gestation treatments were low P (LP-; 3.7 g P/kg feed), low P with phytase (LP+, Ronozyme P; 765 FTU/kg feed), medium P (MP; 4.5 g P/kg feed) and high P (HP; 6.0 g P/kg feed). Daily feed allowances were 2.6 kg during gestation and 9.2 kg during lactation. Number of born piglets and piglet mortality were higher (p < 0.05) in the LP treatments than in the MP and HP treatments. No difference (p > 0.05) in the numbers of live-born piglets, piglet birthweights, sow weights or piglet weight gains was found between the treatments. Phosphorus level in sow milk was the highest (p < 0.05) in the MP treatment, while no effects (p > 0.05) of treatment were found on milk Ca levels, P and Ca levels in serum of sows and piglets, nor on the analysed mineral, fat and protein contents of piglets. The estimated average requirement of P for the entire gestation period was 4.4-4.5 g/day. In conclusion, a reduction of dietary total P content during gestation did not result in negative effects on sow or piglet performance. This suggests that it should be possible to lower the dietary P content for gestating sows, compared with earlier recommendations, and thereby reduce the environmental P pollution.  相似文献   

12.
仔猪饲粮木聚糖水平与添加木聚糖酶对养分消化率的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
本研究包括2个消化试验,分别研究仔猪对饲粮木聚糖的耐受能力和添加木聚糖酶的效果。试验1:设计5个饲粮木聚糖水平。试验2:以含7.25%木聚糖饲粮为基础,分别添加0、720、1 440、1 880、5 760 U/kg木聚糖酶。结果表明:随着饲粮木聚糖含量的增加,能量、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、有机物、钙和磷的消化率下降;当木聚糖含量为8.44%时,养分消化率的降低达到了显著或极显著水平。回归分析表明,养分消化率与饲粮木聚糖含量之间呈较强的负相关,木聚糖酶的添加可以提高饲粮的养分消化率。由此得出:约15 kg体重的仔猪对饲粮木聚糖具有较强的耐受力,随着木聚糖含量的增加,饲粮养分的消化率呈不同幅度的下降;当木聚糖含量达到或高于7.25%时,添加木聚糖酶对养分消化率有一定的改进效果。  相似文献   

13.
Four nursery experiments were conducted using a methionine (Met)-deficient feather meal-corn-soybean meal-dried whey basal diet (20% CP; 3,250 kcal of ME/kg, .11% choline, .19% Met, 1.00% cystine) supplemented with lysine, tryptophan, and histidine to determine the Met requirement of 5- to 10- and 10- to 20-kg pigs. Based on a true Met digestibility value of 81.6% estimated by a pig ileal digestibility assay, the Met-deficient basal diet contained .155% of digestible Met. A preliminary experiment (Exp. 1) indicated that pigs fed the Met-deficient basal diet when fortified adequately with Met could produce weight gains similar to those of pigs fed a 20% CP practical corn-soybean meal-dried whey diet. In Exp. 2 and 3, crossbred pigs weighing 5.8 kg initially were fed diets containing graded levels of digestible Met between .195 and .355%. Average daily gain increased quadratically (P less than .05) as the level of Met increased. When the data of Exp. 2 and 3 were examined together, the digestible Met requirement of 5- to 10-kg pigs was estimated to be .255% of the diet. In Exp. 4 and 5, crossbred pigs averaging 10 kg were fed digestible Met concentrations ranging from .155 to .315%. Average daily gain increased quadratically (P less than .05). The digestible Met requirement of 10- to 20-kg pigs was estimated at .255% for maximal weight gain, which was similar to that of 5- to 10-kg pigs. Assuming an 89% digestibility of Met in practical corn-soybean meal diets, the total Met level needed in practice would be .29%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

14.
二甲酸钾对仔猪生产性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在实际生产条件下,将108头体重12.1kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复9头猪,用来研究二甲酸钾的使用方法。研究表明,二甲酸钾改善了仔猪的日增重和料重比,尤其在饲养前期效果明显;二甲酸钾对仔猪的断奶应激有一定预防效果。二甲酸钾产品与抗生素无拮抗作用,且在抵御疾病上有一定的协同作用,在降低腹泻和死亡率方面有一定作用。日粮中添加1%的二甲酸钾不影响仔猪对饲料的适口性。  相似文献   

15.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the requirement of tryptophan for piglets. In the first two experiments dose-response relationships between the dietary tryptophan concentration and performance criteria of piglets were examined in order to determine the dietary tryptophan concentration required for maximum performance. In the first experiment dietary tryptophan levels ranged from 1.09 to 2.32 g per kg, in the second experiment they ranged from 1.70 to 2.60 g per kg. In both experiments a close correlation was observed between the dietary tryptophan concentration and piglet performance criteria (feed intake, daily gains, feed efficiency). In the first experiment, regression analysis using a non-linear model revealed that the optima, defined as 95% of the asymptotic response in the model used, for feed intake and daily gains were achieved at tryptophan levels in excess of the highest concentration of 2.32 g per kg feed. The performance level of the piglets in this experiment was generally very low, however. In the second experiment feed intake, the optimum tryptophan concentration, defined as 95% of the asymptotic response, for daily gains and feed efficiency were achieved within a small range between 2.07 and 2.14 g tryptophan per kg feed, corresponding to 1.84 to 1.91 g precaecal digestible tryptophan per kg feed or 0.153 to 0.159 g tryptophan per MJ ME. These results suggest that the tryptophan concentration for maximum performance of piglets is probably higher than has been implied in numerous studies to date. The third experiment was set up to investigate the effect of the reduced feed intake and the effect of an inadequate tryptophan supply per se on the animals' growth. Here a two-factorial experimental design was used also by varying the energy density of the diet (13 vs. 14 MJ ME per kg feed). In addition to tryptophan deficient groups (1.5 g tryptophan per kg feed), this experiment contained conventional control groups (2.6 g tryptophan per kg feed, ad libitum feeding) and pair-fed control groups (2.6 g tryptophan per kg feed, feed intake identical to that of the tryptophan deficient group). The energy density had no significant effect on the animals' performance and increasing the energy density of the diet did not significantly affect feed and energy intake or daily gains of the tryptophan deficient animals. Feed intake, daily gains and feed efficiency of the tryptophan deficient groups were markedly poorer (by 30, 35 and 10%) than in the ad libitum control groups. When compared with the pair-fed control groups, on the other hand, the performance of the tryptophan deficient groups in terms of daily gains, feed conversion and energy efficiency was only slightly and not significant lower by 1, 4 and 3%, respectively. These results demonstrate conclusively that the growth depression in tryptophan deficiency is almost entirely due to the marked reduction in feed intake rather than to a direct limitation of protein accretion caused by an inadequate tryptophan supply.  相似文献   

16.
Two experiments were performed in order to study how weaning and post-weaning dietary zinc level affect serum IGF-I. Further, whether the growth-enhancing effect of 2500 ppm of dietary zinc (Zn2500) and/or 175 ppm of dietary copper (Cu175) in post-weaning diets is associated with elevated serum IGF-I levels in piglets was studied. Experiment 1 included 54 piglets (six litters of nine piglets). One piglet from every litter was assigned to a control group (blood sampled 1 day before weaning). At weaning the remaining eight piglets from every litter were allocated randomly to four dietary treatments with increasing zinc inclusions (Zn100, Zn250, Zn1000, Zn2500). In exp. 2, 48 piglets (six litters of eight piglets) were allocated to four dietary treatments (Zn100, Zn100Cu175, Zn2500, Zn2500Cu175). All piglets in exp. 1 were blood sampled at -1, 1-2, 5-6 or 14-15 days after weaning and in exp. 2 blood samples were taken from all pigs 5-7 days after weaning. Feed intake was recorded per pen (two piglets) and weight gain was recorded for every piglet. Just after weaning feed intake was very low, piglets lost weight and serum IGF-I decreased in exp. 1. However, the piglets fed 2500 ppm of zinc reached pre-weaning levels of serum IGF-I at 14-15 days post-weaning, whereas piglets receiving lower zinc levels showed no changes in serum IGF-I. In exp. 2, additional dietary zinc in weaning diets for piglets was found to be associated with increased feed intake, improved growth rate and increased serum IGF-I. High levels of dietary copper did not affect any of these measurements. Zinc-induced rise in serum IGF-I was partly due to increased feed intake. After correcting for differences in feed intake, zinc significantly increased serum IGF-I. However, to completely separate effects of feed intake from effects of zinc status, pair-feeding should be considered in future studies.  相似文献   

17.
Insufficient performance and health problems of reared piglets in individual boxes gave rise to sent 2 samples of the diet to the institute. Due to a demixing process on the transport (winding) the composition of the diet changed markedly. The crude ash content increased (62.7 g----96.2 g/kg feed), on the other hand the protein content decreased significantly (181----126 g/kg feed). Obviously the variable mineral content in the diet impaired the palatability and consequently the performance of reared piglets due to increased disposition for diarrhea.  相似文献   

18.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) requirement for weaned pigs fed with low crude protein (CP) diet. In Experiment 1, 144 pigs were fed a normal CP (20%) diet with 12.3 g/kg SID Lys and five low CP (18.5%) diets providing SID Lys levels of 9.8, 11.1, 12.3, 13.5, and 14.8 g/kg, respectively, for 28 days. Reducing dietary CP from 20% to 18.5% enhanced (p < 0.05) the growth performance. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased (linear and quadratic; p < 0.05), serum urea nitrogen (SUN) decreased (linear and quadratic; p < 0.05) as SID Lys increased. The SID Lys levels required to maximize ADG and optimize G:F were 12.8 and 13.1 g/kg using a curvilinear plateau model, and to minimize SUN was 13.4 g/kg using a two‐slope broken‐line model, which averaged 13.1 g/kg SID Lys. In Experiment 2, 18 pigs were used in a 12‐day N balance trial and received the same diets of Experiment 1. Total N excretion was decreased when dietary CP reduced and further decreased when SID Lys increased. Collectively, 1.5% dietary CP reduction improved the growth performance and decreased the N excretion; the optimal SID Lys requirement was at 13.1 g/kg of 8–20 kg pigs fed with 18.5% CP diet.  相似文献   

19.
后备荣昌母猪适宜消化能和赖氨酸需要量研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
旨在探讨研究35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮消化能(DE)与表观可消化赖氨酸(ADLys)水平。选用(34.45±4.53)kg后备荣昌母猪216头,随机分为12个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头。采用3×4因子设计,日粮DE分别为11.72、12.34和12.97 MJ/kg,ADLys分别为0.43%、0.53%、0.63%和0.73%。结果表明:随着日粮DE水平的提高,试验猪日增重显著提高(P0.05),饲料增重比显著降低(P0.05),P2背膘厚显著增加(P0.01),母猪发情率呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。日粮Lys水平提高使血清尿素氮含量呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。在本试验条件下,35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮DE和ADLys水平分别为12.97MJ/kg和0.43%。  相似文献   

20.
The present study aims to determine the occurrence of piglet pre-weaning mortality in commercial swine herds in Thailand in relation to piglet, sow, and environmental factors. Data were collected from the database of the computerized recording system from 47 commercial swine herds in Thailand. The raw data were carefully scrutinized for accuracy. Litters with a lactation length < 16 days or >28 days were excluded. In total, 199,918 litters from 74,088 sows were included in the analyses. Piglet pre-weaning mortality at the individual sow level was calculated as piglet pre-weaning mortality (%) = (number of littermate pigs ? number of piglets at weaning) / number of littermate pigs. Litters were classified according to sow parity numbers (1, 2–5, and 6–9), average birth weight of the piglets (0.80–1.29, 1.30–1.79, 1.80–2.50 kg), number of littermate pigs (5–7, 8–10, 11–12, and 13–15 piglets), and size of the herd (small, medium, and large). Pearson correlations were conducted to analyze the associations between piglet pre-weaning mortality and reproductive parameters. Additionally, a general linear model procedure was performed to analyze the various factors influencing piglet pre-weaning mortality. On average, piglet pre-weaning mortality was 11.2% (median = 9.1%) and varied among herds from 4.8 to 19.2%. Among all the litters, 62.1, 18.1, and 19.8% of the litters had a piglet pre-weaning mortality rate of 0–10, 11–20, and greater than 20%, respectively. As the number of littermate pigs increased, piglet pre-weaning mortality also increased (r = 0.390, P < 0.001). Litters with 13–16 littermate pigs had a higher piglet pre-weaning mortality than litters with 5–7, 8–10, and 11–12 littermate pigs (20.8, 7.8, 7.2, and 11.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Piglet pre-weaning mortality in large-sized herds was higher than that in small- and medium-sized herds (13.6, 10.6, and 11.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Interestingly, in all categories of herd size, piglet pre-weaning mortality was increased almost two times when the number of littermates increased from 11–12 to 13–16 piglets. Furthermore, piglets with birth weights of 0.80–1.29 kg in large-sized herds had a higher risk of mortality than those in small- and medium-sized herds (15.3, 10.9, and 12.2%, respectively, P < 0.001). In conclusion, in commercial swine herds in the tropics, piglet pre-weaning mortality averaged 11.2% and varied among herds from 4.8 to 19.2%. The litters with 13–16 littermate pigs had piglet pre-weaning mortality of up to 20.8%. Piglets with low birth weight (0.80–1.29 kg) had a higher risk of pre-weaning mortality. Management strategies for reducing piglet pre-weaning mortality in tropical climates should be emphasized in litters with a high number of littermate pigs, low piglet birth weights, and large herd sizes.  相似文献   

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