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观察母兔妊娠20、26、29天和15、30、60、90日龄八点黑獭兔的子宫组织,以探讨八点黑獭兔子宫的形态学发育特点。结果表明：獭兔的子宫随着年龄的增长．其内膜的粘膜上皮由假复层柱状纤毛上皮逐渐分化成紧密规则的单层柱状上皮;固有层在15～30日龄之间出现．内含大量间质细胞;妊娠期固有层发生水肿和充血;子宫肌层在幼龄时分层不明显,各层肌纤维互相交织,随平滑肌细胞分裂增生,3月龄时肌层出现明显的内环、外纵两层,中间形成一层环状排列的血管：獭兔出生后其子宫内膜腺由子宫内膜上皮细胞内陷形成,随后腺上皮细胞经有丝分裂增生,15日龄幼兔已形成单管子宫腺。该研究结果可为兔的解剖学、生殖生理学增添新的内容,也为进一步研究兔生殖系统疾病的治疗与预防提供参考资料。 相似文献
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应用组织切片技术对11～53日龄吉林白鹅小肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度和肌层厚度进行测定。结果显示,小肠各段绒毛高度及宽度随日龄增加整体上呈增长趋势,空肠绒毛最长,回肠绒毛高度、宽度在39日龄达到峰值,早于空肠和十二指肠。回肠隐窝深度11～53日龄随日龄增加而增加,十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度在39日龄达到峰值,39～53日龄变浅。小肠各段肌层厚度与日龄呈正相关,回肠的肌层厚度在46日龄达到高峰,十二指肠和空肠的肌层厚度在53日龄达到高峰。小肠各段绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值随日龄增加而增加,53日龄时空肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值最高。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究0～42日龄樱桃谷雏鸭消化参数的变化规律.试验以240只0-42日龄樱桃谷雏鸭为研究对象,分别测定3,5,7,14,21,28,35和42日龄肉鸭食管膨大部、肌胃、小肠各段及盲肠组织的pH值,小肠各段及盲肠的长度,肌胃食糜中的胃蛋白酶水平,十二指肠、空肠、回肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶的活性以及盲肠食糜中纤维素酶的活性等.结果表明:①雏鸭小肠长度随日龄的增加逐渐增加,小肠增幅于7日龄左右达到最大,然后呈逐渐降低趋势;②食管膨大部、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的pH值分别为5.057～6.685,2.670～4.003,6.012～6.375,6.047～6.512,6.302～6.901.其随日龄的变化幅度不大,并随日龄的增加趋于稳定;③胃蛋白酶随着日龄的增加而增加,在14日龄时达到高峰值,然后逐渐降低;脂肪酶、肠道淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别在7、14和28日龄达到峰值,且空肠和回肠内容物的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均高于十二指肠;盲肠中纤维素酶活性随着日龄的增加而增加.结果表明,7～14日龄是樱桃谷雏鸭消化道发育和消化酶分泌的关键时期. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的胃肠道结构和功能发育的变化,为羔羊的早期培育提供理论依据。选择初生重相近的22只双羔湖羊公羔(初生重3.81 kg±0.55 kg),1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄停止饲喂代乳粉。于8、21和42日龄分别屠宰6只羔羊,检测瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃的重量及十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠的长度和重量;采集瘤胃和小肠组织,切片后进行伊红和苏木精染色,检测瘤胃乳头长度、宽度、环形肌厚度、小肠绒毛高度、宽度和隐窝深度,并计算绒隐比(绒毛高度/隐窝深度);采集瘤胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物,检测淀粉酶、纤维素酶、乳糖酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。结果显示,瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃重和瘤胃占总胃重的比例随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),皱胃重占总胃重的比例随着日龄的增加而减小(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠的长度、重量随日龄的增加而增加(P<0.05),42日龄十二指肠、回肠绒隐比均显著高于8和21日龄(P<0.05),瘤胃乳头高度、乳头宽度和肌层厚度均随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),十二指肠的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度及空肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度均随着日龄的增加而减小;十二指肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶及空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性均随着日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05);42日龄羔羊瘤胃中淀粉酶活性及乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度均显著高于21日龄羔羊(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,和断奶(21日龄)前相比,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃发育增强,皱胃和小肠组织形态变小,瘤胃和小肠中主要消化酶的活性均增强。 相似文献
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为了探索断奶獭兔消化功能的发育变化规律。以美系獭兔为研究对象,从28日龄起,对消化器官质量、小肠各段绒毛高度（VH）、隐窝深度（CD）、肠壁厚度（IWT）与胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶的活性进行测定分析,并进行消化器官的Gompertz与Logistic模型拟合。结果：①消化器官发育的拐点日龄出现在30~60 d;快速生长阶段发生在：小肠与大肠35~63日龄、肝脏63~70日龄、胃49~56日龄;最大质量分别为：胃20.619 7 g、肝脏71.9582 g、小肠42.500 3 g、大肠46.905 7 g,分别出现在98、122、1191、20 d。显示消化器官的成熟顺序为：小肠、胃、大肠、肝脏。描述美系獭兔消化器官的发育Gompertz模型优于Logistic。②日龄显著影响小肠各段IWT（P〈0.01）,明显影响十二指肠前中部、空肠和回肠的VH（P〈0.05）,对十二指肠前中部和空肠CD影响显著（P〈0.05）。③日龄对胃蛋白酶和小肠各段胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性的影响均不显著（P〉0.05）,但随日龄的增加酶活性有逐渐升高的趋势,稳定于60日龄左右。相同日龄的胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶在小肠不同肠段间的活性具有一定差异,表现为空肠最高,回肠居中,十二指肠最小。结论：Gompertz可以较好地用来描述美系獭兔消化器官的发育,獭兔消化器官的发育与日龄密切相关,60日龄是其消化器官发育的拐点日龄,成熟于120日龄;断奶对消化器官形态学发育的影响恢复需要约2周的时间。 相似文献
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马冈鹅肠胚后发育的组织学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将72只5~110d马冈鹅(各半)按不同日龄随机分为9组,先后取十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠,应用常规组织学技术和Tiger细胞图像分析系统进行观测。结果表明:各部肠管管壁分粘膜、肌层和浆膜三层,无粘膜下层;绒毛既有分支,也有融合现象;肠腺主要是单管状腺,但也有分支管状腺;粘膜上皮中柱状细胞从前向后逐渐减少,而杯状细胞则相应逐渐增多;肠腺中的柱状细胞则由前向后逐渐增多,杯状细胞相应减少;肌层分内纵、中环、外纵三层,内、外两肌层厚度近似,中环肌最厚,内有明显的结缔组织间隔带分布,小肠段呈有规律的"竹节"状;粘膜皱襞不发达,少数皱襞由粘膜、内纵和中环肌层共同构成;肠壁内淋巴组织丰富,在肌层之间及肌层内均可见淋巴小结,肌层内也有神经丛和神经纤维束的断面;绒毛高度发育的绝对生长高峰期在26d以前,但绒毛直径的发育无明显的阶段性。 相似文献
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试验选用15日龄、30日龄、60日龄、90日龄和成年獭兔各15只,对獭兔不同肠段(十二指肠、空肠和回肠、盲肠)pH、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和乳糖酶活性进行测定.结果表明:肠段不同,pH和酶活性不同.15日龄后獭兔各肠段pH变化不大,相同日龄pH:回肠>空肠>十二指肠.随着日龄的增加,淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性增加,乳糖酶的活性逐渐降低;相同日龄淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶活性:空肠>回肠>十二指肠,乳糖酶活性:空肠>十二指肠>回肠.盲肠pH、淀粉酶和乳糖酶活性低于小肠,纤维素酶在60日龄后迅速增加;盲肠各消化酶活性90日龄后基本稳定. 相似文献
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通过连续测定24、25、34、44、54周龄海兰褐蛋鸡嗉囊、胃及空肠食糜pH值、水分含量,胃食糜胃蛋白酶以及空肠食糜胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性等及胆汁酸含量指标,研究24～54周龄海兰褐蛋鸡消化环境随年龄增长的变化趋势.结果表明:在蛋鸡产蛋高峰期,嗉囊、胃食糜pH值均随日龄增加而逐渐升高,空肠pH值相对稳定,介于6.32～6.38.嗉囊、胃和空肠食糜的水分含量随日龄增加无明显变化,但是空肠食糜含水量明显高于嗉囊和胃内食糜.胃蛋白酶随日龄增加而降低,但在24～34周龄时相对稳定,酶活水平较高,44周龄后酶活明显降低;空肠内淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及胆汁酸含量随日龄的增加而逐渐降低,44周龄后下降较快. 相似文献
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0～49日龄肉仔鸡消化参数的变化规律研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
作者通过测定10、14、17、21、28、35、42和49日龄肉仔鸡体重和采食量，嗉囊、腺胃和肌胃及空肠食糜的pH，小肠的长度，腺胃和肌胃食糜中胃蛋白酶水平以及空肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性等指标，研究0～49日龄肉仔鸡消化参数的变化规律。并探讨这几种消化参数发育与肉仔鸡生长间的关系。研究结果表明：肉仔鸡体重、采食量以及小肠长度随日龄的增加逐渐增加，体重、采食量和小肠长度的增幅分别于42、28和35日龄左右达到最大，然后呈逐渐降低趋势。嗉囊和胃pH有随日龄增加的趋势，但增幅不大。肉仔鸡空肠pH在生长过程中比较稳定，介于5．79～6．16之间。胃蛋白酶随日龄的增加而逐渐增加，于28日龄达到峰值，随后有降低的趋势。28日龄以后各日龄胃蛋白酶水平仍高于21日龄以前。空肠内淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶随日龄增加逐渐增加，并分别于35、21、14和14日龄达到峰值，随后逐渐降低。与达到峰值前酶活相比，达到峰值后各种酶活水平仍高于或接近峰值前酶活水平。小肠发育程度和消化酶水平可能会对肉仔鸡生长产生影响。 相似文献
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用日本大耳白母兔与加利福尼亚公獭兔杂交,其杂种一代母兔再与加利福尼亚公獭兔回交,共繁殖回交一代71只,其中绒毛型兔占42.25％,粗毛型兔占57.75％。将粗毛型兔淘汰,自绒毛型兔中选出理想型公母兔作为基础繁殖群进行横交固定,形成新的獭兔品系VC-I系。VC-I系獭兔(基础群)生长速度及繁殖性能均较纯种獭兔有所提高,毛品质亦保持了纯种獭兔水平。 相似文献
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为了研究獭兔不同发育时期盲肠组织结构变化特点,总结其发育规律,采用石蜡切片、HE染色技术,对相同条件下饲养的不同生长阶段(出生后1,15,30,60d)獭兔各6只进行解剖,并在显微镜下观察其盲肠组织结构.结果发现,獭兔盲肠黏膜的单层柱状上皮细胞的高度、杯状细胞的体积都随年龄的增长而变大,半环形皱襞间的距离随着年龄的增长逐渐变小,皱襞的长度和体积也随年龄增长有所增加.此外还发现,随年龄的增长八点黑獭兔盲肠蚓突内的淋巴小结数目明显增多,黏膜下层内的淋巴小结和弥散淋巴组织随年龄增长也越来越多,黏膜皱襞变得密集. 相似文献
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秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的形态学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用大体解剖和常规组织学方法对秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的组织形态进行了系统观察。结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑的消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃和肠等4部分组成,除口咽腔外,管壁由内向外分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜。口咽腔宽大,上颌、犁骨及腭骨等处布有细齿,黏膜衬以复层扁平上皮,间有较多的黏液细胞和少量的杯状细胞及味蕾;食管粗而短,黏膜向管腔突出形成多个纵行皱襞,上皮由复层扁平上皮逐渐向单层柱状过渡,上皮细胞间可见到数量较多的粘液细胞和杯状细胞,食管腺不发达;胃体积较大,呈“U”形,包括贲门部、胃体和幽门部,胃体部小凹及胃底腺结构明显,肌层发达;胃与肠相接处有63-65个幽门盲囊,肠道粗短而略微盘曲,黏膜上皮为单层柱状,未见明显的肠腺。以上结果显示,秦岭细鳞鲑消化道组织结构与其肉食性功能密切相关。肝小叶界限不清;双列肝细胞围绕中央静脉呈放射状走行,肝细胞个体大、呈多边形,核呈圆形或卵圆形,1-2个。胰脏大部分环绕前肠边缘、呈细长条索状,另可见分散于幽门盲囊及胃周围的弥散部分;其外分泌部为管泡状腺,腺细胞呈锥体形,胰岛结构明显。 相似文献
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Nader Goodarzi Mohsen Akbari Bazm Leila Naseri Morteza Hosseinipour 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(5):444-448
The Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) is habitat in the Middle East countries and feed on pine acorns and other seeds. The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and volumetric features of the oesophagus in Persian squirrels. Five adult male Persian squirrels were included in the study. The cervical, thoracic and abdominal oesophagus of all subjects were processed routinely and sectioned in a serial manner. Then, the total volume of the oesophagus and its different layers were estimated using Cavalieri's principle. Histological assessment revealed a non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining the mucosa. No glands were seen in the lamina propria and submucosa. Lamina muscularis was present as a distinct layer of smooth muscle cells separating the lamina propria from the tunica submucosa. The tunica muscularis consisted of two distinct layers of striated muscle fibres: inner circular and outer longitudinal that was intermingled with few scattered smooth muscle fibres especially in the abdominal region. The thoracic region contained more amount of the lamina muscularis and tunica muscularis in comparison to the cervical or abdominal regions. The obtained results revealed that the histological structure of the Persian squirrel oesophagus has differences and similarities with other rodents and even with other species of squirrel. These findings would be useful to improve the knowledge in the areas of histological structure of the rodent digestive system. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究断奶日龄对肉兔肠道发育的影响。试验选择初生肉兔120窝,随机分成4组,每组30窝,分别在出生后21、25、28和35日龄断奶,试验期56 d。结果表明:1)断奶日龄对肉兔28和35日龄胃、小肠和盲肠重有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),随着断奶日龄延后呈增加趋势,断奶日龄对49和56日龄各消化器官重和各日龄小肠长度无显著影响(P0.05);2)断奶日龄对十二指肠(28、35和49日龄)、空肠(28、35、42和49日龄)和回肠绒毛高度(28、35、42和49日龄)有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),随着断奶日龄延后呈先增加后降低趋势,而对56日龄各肠段绒毛高度无显著影响(P0.05),肉兔断奶后绒毛高度需要2~3周才能恢复,21日龄断奶组恢复最慢,35日龄断奶组恢复最快;3)断奶日龄对十二指肠(28和35日龄)、空肠(28、35和42日龄)和回肠隐窝深度(35日龄)有显著影响(P0.05),随着断奶日龄延后呈降低趋势,而对49和56日龄各肠段隐窝深度无显著影响(P0.05);4)断奶日龄对28和35日龄十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度有极显著影响(P0.01),随着断奶日龄延后呈增加趋势,而对56日龄各肠段空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,断奶日龄对肉兔肠道49日龄前发育影响较大,对49日龄后影响变小;早期断奶降低了小肠黏膜绒毛高度,增加了隐窝深度;随断奶日龄延后,断奶造成的肉兔小肠黏膜受损程度减轻,断奶后一般需要2~3周才能恢复小肠黏膜结构。 相似文献
17.
Sarriá R Latorre R Henroteaux M Henroteaux N Soria F Pérez-Cuadrado E López Albors O 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):498-502
The histology of the canine intestine has not been accurately defined. To establish the precise thickness of its different layers, whole wall samples of the small intestine were removed from 41 cadavers at five standardised sampling sites (duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum). The total thickness was estimated by morphometry, as was the thickness of the mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa and muscularis externa. In addition, the size of the lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa and the thickness of the circular and longitudinal layers within both the muscularis mucosae and the muscularis externa were estimated. The total intestinal thickness depended very much upon the thickness of the mucosa and submucosa. The mucosa decreased progressively from proximal to distal parts of the small intestine (47% reduction). The thickness of the submucosa, however, changed little from the duodenum to the distal jejunum, but increased significantly in the ileum; this change was positively correlated with the amount of lymphoid tissue. Sex influenced the thickness of the intestinal wall, with males displaying higher thickness values along the small intestine. Conversely, no correlation between bodyweight and intestinal thickness was found for any of the five sampling sites. This study gives absolute and relative values for the thickness of the layers of the dog intestine which might help in the diagnosis of small intestinal pathology from postmortem samples and/or endoscopic biopsies. 相似文献
18.
S H Kotzé N J Van der Merwe G Van Aswegen G A Smith 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1992,59(4):249-252
Although the histology of the intestinal tract of Crocodylus niloticus is touched on in overall studies on reptilian intestinal tract, a more comprehensive light microscopical study on this area is lacking. Specimens for histological examination were taken from the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum and the rectum. The data obtained revealed that the mucosa is thrown into folds and simple, slightly branched tubular intestinal glands. The mucosal folds diminished in height and eventually disappeared upon reaching the ileorectal junction. The epithelium covering the folds and crypts was of the simple columnar type. Clear marginal cells, goblet cells and argentaffin cells were observed throughout the intestinal tract. No Paneth cells were seen in this study. The lamina propria was rich in lymphocytic infiltrations while the muscularis mucosa consisted mainly of an outer longitudinal layer, the inner circular layer being rudimentary or absent. The submucosa was extremely narrow, and the circular and longitudinal layers of the tunica muscularis contained distinct layers of dense fibrous connective tissue. The histology of the intestinal tract of C. niloticus is shown to be in line with the situation in crocodilians and also exhibits a resemblance to that of carnivorous mammals. 相似文献
19.
Weissengruber GE 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2000,29(2):87-95
The abdominal parts of the alimentary canal and the associated arteries from seven male and nine female maras are described. The mara possesses a stomach with a single cavity and a glandular mucosa lining. The large stomach is situated caudal of the liver at right-angles to the longitudinal body axis. The long jejunum is located on the left side of the body caudal of the stomach. The cecum has two teniae and numerous haustra which are proximal larger than distal. The smooth colon ascendens runs proximal parallel to the cecum and describes distal an U-shaped double-loop. The internal surface of the proximal part of the colon ascendens is characterized by two parallel mucosal ledges. Cecum and colon ascendens lie right caudal of the liver. The colon descendens is coiled and situated on the left body side. The A. gastrica sinistra and branches of the A. lienalis and the A. hepatica supply the stomach. The A. mesenterica cranialis which branches of separately from the A. coeliaca is a large and long vessel that supplies the major parts of the small intestine and the colon. The A. mesenterica caudalis supplies parts of the colon desendens and of the rectum. 相似文献
20.
In order to study the influence of different doses of sodium fluoride on rex rabbit,rex rabbit fluorosis model was established and the fluorine contents of blood,bone,liver,kidney and other organs in rex rabbit were examined to provide a theoretical reference for the further research. Rex rabbits (age (30±5) days,weight (1.1±0.2) kg) were divided into three groups:Control group,test group Ⅰ (10 mg/(kg·d) NaF group) and test group Ⅱ (20 mg/(kg·d) NaF group). The tests lasted 100 d. The results showed that,on the 100th day,fluoride contents of bone and tooth were significantly different (P<0.05),and they were positively correlated with the time and intake of fluoride;The fluoride contents of kidney and liver were slightly different (P>0.05),and they were not significantly different between both test groups (P>0.05).The fluoride contents of blood were not significantly different between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P>0.05),but both had no significant changes compared with control group (P<0.05). Sodium fluoride as a fluoride source could be used to simulate the natural state of rex rabbit fluorine poisoning. The fluoride accumulating ability in bone and tooth were stronger while the ability in blood,liver and kidney were weaker. 相似文献