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1.
玛多县高山嵩草草地天然牧草营养评定与载畜量研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究选用3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的5岁大通牦牛为瘤胃液供体动物,采用体外产气法和概略养分分析法,评定三江源区玛多县高山嵩草草地型天然牧草营养价值,并计算该草地类型草地载畜量,为本地区确定适宜载畜量提供参考.研究结果表明:(1)常规营养成分中粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、水分、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的含量分别为9.45±0.18%、3.13±0.11%、28.19±0.31%、7.07±0.08%、4.82±0.05%、0.21±0.03%、0.21±0.01%;(2)体外评定:120h产气量为75.97±1.34 ml,牧草降解率(DMD)为75.59±4.17 %,24h估测消化能(DM)、代谢能(ME)、有机物质消化率(OMD)分别为11.18±0.30MJ/kg、10.28±0.27MJ、64.70±0.77%;(3)草地数量载畜量约为78万个羊单位;营养载畜量DCP和ME载畜量分别为147万个羊单位、110万个羊单位;(4)最适载畜量为78万个羊单位,即2.27个羊单位/hm2. 相似文献
2.
为探究三江源区河南县天然牧草草地生产力与草畜平衡之间的关系,采用常规营养成分及体外产气法测定冷暖两季牧草常规营养含量及体外产气指标;选用3头装瘘管的大通牦牛为瘤胃液供体动物,进行天然牧草体外产气测定,并核定草场载畜量。结果表明:冷暖两季可食产草量较1988年下降;暖季垂穗披碱草草场型牧草具有最高产气量,不同草地类型产气量有差别,产气速率趋同;河南县天然牧草的数量、DCP、ME载畜量分别为209.9、185.4、354.7万个羊单位。 相似文献
3.
三江源区河南县天然草场草畜营养平衡关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究三江源区河南县天然牧草草地生产力与草畜平衡之间的关系,采用常规营养成分及体外产气法测定冷暖两季牧草常规营养含量及体外产气指标;选用3头装瘘管的大通牦牛为瘤胃液供体动物,进行天然牧草体外产气测定,并核定草场载畜量。结果表明:冷暖两季可食产草量较1988年下降;暖季垂穗披碱草草场型牧草具有最高产气量,不同草地类型产气量有差别,产气速率趋同;河南县天然牧草的数量、DCP、ME载畜量分别为209.9、185.4、354.7万个羊单位。 相似文献
4.
《草业科学》2015,(10)
为了更为精确地确定三江源区玉树州主要草地类型之一——藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)草地的载畜量,本研究选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的5岁大通牦牛作为试验动物,采用体外产气法和概略养分分析法,评定了玉树州藏嵩草草地类型天然牧草营养价值,结合该地区的产草量,核定数量载畜量和营养载畜量。研究表明,1)藏嵩草草地天然牧草鲜草产量为1 272 g·m-2,风干草样为349.04 g·m-2,可食牧草产量为341.29 g·m-2;2)藏嵩草草地牧草中粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量分别为10.16%、2.26%、34.07%、4.76%、0.31%、0.11%;3)藏嵩草草地牧草体外产气评定得出,120 h估测有机物质消化率(DOM)、体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)分别为81.21%、62.67%、10.33 MJ·kg-1、9.16 MJ·kg-1,体外发酵后瘤胃液氨氮(NH3-N)浓度为7.72 mg·d L-1,p H为6.65,体外培养过程中,产气速率变化曲线呈现单峰形(20―28 h)。4)数量载畜量约为1 411万个羊单位(合8.44个羊单位·hm-2),营养载畜量中可消化粗蛋白(DCP)和ME载畜量分别为2 202万个羊单位(合13.16个羊单位·hm-2)和2 051万个羊单位(合12.26个羊单位·hm-2)。 相似文献
5.
本文旨在通过化学分析和活体外人工瘤胃产气法测定西藏高寒草地冷暖季牧草的化学成分和产气量,研究西藏高寒草地牧草对牦牛的营养价值及养分可提供量。采用单因子试验设计,试验处理为4种采自当雄和那曲的暖季牧草和冷季牧草,分别记为当雄暖季牧草、当雄冷季牧草、那曲暖季牧草和那曲冷季牧草。人工瘤胃产气法的瘤胃液供体动物为3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的大通牦牛。结果表明:4种牧草间粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤木质素和酸洗剂不溶蛋白(ADICP)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05),但干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、粗灰分(Ash)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中洗剂不溶蛋白(NDICP)含量均有显著差异(P<0.05)。无论是来源于当雄还是那曲,暖季牧草的DM、CP、Ash和NDICP含量均显著高于冷季牧草(P<0.05),而CF、NDF和ADF含量显著低于冷季牧草(P<0.05),表明暖季牧草的营养价值高于冷季牧草。西藏高寒草地每公顷暖季牧草的干草、OM、CP、总消化养分(TDN)和代谢能(ME)产量分别为629.7 kg、519.9 kg、111.9 kg、354.1 kg和5 666.4 MJ;每公顷冷季牧草的干草、OM、CP、TDN和ME产量分别为3 001.6 kg、2 547.9 kg、432.9 kg、1 709.3 kg和25 542.0 M J。根据西藏全区高寒草地面积和每公顷牧草营养物质产量,估测出全区干草、OM、CP、TDN和ME年产总量分别为1 899.9万t、1 591.5万t、304.7万t、1 075.4万t和1 661.5亿MJ。全区高寒草地每年提供给家畜采食的牧草量可以满足2 814.7万个绵羊单位的全年消耗。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)和粗蛋白质(CP)水平对蛋鸭产蛋期不同阶段产蛋性能的影响。采用3×3两因子完全随机试验设计,ME水平分别为10.88、10.46和10.04 MJ/kg,CP水平分别为18.26%、17.07%和16.42%,选取刚开产的福建龙岩麻鸭1 674羽,随机分为9个组,每组6个重复,每个重复31羽。试验共持续32周。结果表明:1)产蛋初期(16~18周龄),饲粮ME和CP水平均未显著影响蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比(P>0.05)。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭平均蛋重有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。2)产蛋高峰期(19~39周龄),饲粮ME水平显著影响蛋鸭平均蛋重(P<0.05)。饲粮ME水平为10.88和10.46 MJ/kg组的平均蛋重显著高于10.04 MJ/kg组(P<0.05)。饲粮CP水平未显著影响蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比(P>0.05)。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比没有显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。3)产蛋后期(40~47周龄),饲粮ME水平为10.46 MJ/kg组的产蛋率和日产蛋重显著高于10.04 MJ/kg组(P<0.05);10.88 MJ/kg组的平均蛋重显著高于10.46和10.04 MJ/kg组(P<0.05)。饲粮CP水平为18.26%组的产蛋率、日产蛋重显著高于17.07%和16.42%组(P<0.05),料蛋比显著低于17.07%和16.42%组(P<0.05)。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭日产蛋重有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。综合考虑产蛋性能指标,产蛋初期、高峰期和后期龙岩麻鸭饲粮适宜的ME和CP水平分别为10.88、10.46、10.46 MJ/kg和17.07%、17.07%、18.26%,每日ME和CP需要量分别为1.47、1.60、1.48 MJ和22.96、26.16、25.81 g,饲粮的蛋能比分别为15.62、16.35、17.44 g/MJ。 相似文献
7.
恢复阶段退化草地资源与营养评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：选取内蒙古自治区克什克腾旗达来诺日镇典型草原区封育7年恢复中天然放牧草地,于2008年6-10月对草地进行野外实地考察和调查,分析草地生产力、草地资源以及草地营养物质动态变化并对草地牧草饲用价值进行评价,进而探讨草地理论载畜能力,为建立科学合理的围封恢复草地（原）放牧管理体系以及促进草地畜牧业的可持续发展提供理论指导。结果表明,经过7年的围封恢复,退化至冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）+小禾草阶段的草原生态系统基本恢复到以羊草（Leymus chinensis）和克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）为主的草原群落,整个生长期群落平均盖度37.5%,密度184.6株/m2,平均自然高度18.3 cm,平均鲜草生物量154.3 g/m2,最高产量达到358.6 g/m2;在整个牧草生长期,草群保持着较高的粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、可消化总养分（TDN）和代谢能（ME）含量,平均分别为12.06%、1.87%、57.4%和8.31 MJ/kg,体现出封育后草地牧草较高的饲用价值;根据草地牧草产量估算得出的暖季产量载畜量为0.656 hm2/羊单位,根据牧草与绵羊营养指标（CP、ME、TDN）供需关系估算出草地营养载畜量分别为0.513、0.802和0.774 hm2/羊单位。试验区草地经过7年围封,生态恢复效果明显,草地承载力提高,优等饲用牧草种类增多,营养价值高,家畜亦喜食,适于牛羊适度放牧利用。 相似文献
8.
本研究以瑞香狼毒为材料,采用常规营养指标测定方法对其营养成分进行测定。结果表明,瑞香狼毒的干物质(DM)(89.87±0.30)%,灰分(Ash)(5.59±0.62)%,单宁(0.0508±0.0037)%,粗蛋白(CP)(15.00±1.46)%,粗脂肪(EE)(3.47±0.20)%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)(39.11±0.77)%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)(28.7±0.76)%,木质素(ADL)(6.87±0.26)%。同时,其氨基酸和矿质元素种类齐全,含量丰富。研究表明瑞香狼毒各营养成分含量与紫花苜蓿相当,如能实现植株脱毒,则可成为一种潜在的牧草资源。 相似文献
9.
甘南牧区草地生产力与载畜量时空动态平衡研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用2005~2007年每日MODIS地表反射率产品MOD09GA和草地地上生物量鲜重实测数据与实际载畜量资料,建立甘南州草地生物量与可食牧草量遥感监测模型、不同季节放牧草场的理论载畜量模型和草畜平衡监测模型,分析天然草地的生产力与载畜量的时空动态平衡状况与调控对策。结果表明,甘南州全年总可食牧草的鲜草产量为61.9亿kg,其中暖季草场、冷季草场和全年草场的可食牧草产量分别占总可食牧草产量的35%、24%和42%。全州的理论载畜量为689.5万羊单位,冷季牧场和全年草场的超载率分别为82%和84%,而暖季草场欠载率为37%,全州草地的超载率为26%。如果保持现有的家畜数量不减,则全年需要补给牧草约26亿kg,补饲量占全州天然草地提供牧草量的42%。如果将农牧区和纯牧区的超载量分别降低50%和80%,则需要补给牧草13亿kg和5.2亿kg,补饲量占全州天然草地提供牧草量的21%和8.4%。 相似文献
10.
不同日粮营养水平对种鸽繁殖性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
试验一设计了4种不同蛋白质、能量水平的颗粒料配方 ,通过试验筛选出基础日粮的ME和CP分别为11.86MJ/kg和16 %。在试验一的基础上 ,试验二设计了3种不同Ca含量颗粒料配方 ,,以鸽场饲喂的饲料作对照 (ME为13.31MJ/kg,CP为11.79 % ),进行饲养试验。结果表明 :ME为11.86MJ/kg、CP为16.16 %、Ca含量为1.09 %的颗粒料效果较好 ,种鸽的繁殖指标较高 相似文献
11.
本试验旨在采用概略养分分析法测定5种玉米的营养成分含量以及通过消化代谢试验实测玉米的可消化粗蛋白质含量和有效能值,并利用先采集的4种玉米(奥美特、杰尼336、巨丰66、京科665)数据拟合可消化粗蛋白质、消化能和代谢能分别与营养成分之间的回归方程,然后利用第5种玉米(禾育九)可消化粗蛋白质和有效能数据来对回归方程进行验证和修正。选取16只体重为(56.44±5.11)kg的云南半细毛羊,采用完全随机设计,平均分为4组,每组4只。试验共分2期进行,共6种日粮,分别是基础日粮和5种试验日粮,第1期饲喂4种日粮,第2期饲喂2种日粮。结果表明:京科665的可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)、消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)含量最高,杰尼336的DCP、DE和ME含量最低;玉米的DE和ME分别与EE呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.985和-0.994;试验所得的预测方程为DCP(g/kg)=258.961-52.624EE(粗脂肪)、DE(MJ/kg)=40.506-6.876EE、DE(MJ/kg)=34.677-6.398EE+0.492CP(粗蛋白质)、DE(MJ/kg)=-115.182-6.572EE+0.473CP+1.525OM(有机物)、ME(MJ/kg)=-1.028+0.945DE、ME(MJ/kg)=2.950+0.916DE-1.060CF(粗纤维)和ME(MJ/kg)=37.586-6.586EE。综合DCP含量和有效能值,京科665的品质最佳,其次是巨丰66、奥美特和禾育九,杰尼336品质最差;以半细毛羊为试验对象得出,可以利用玉米的营养成分预测其DCP含量以及有效能值。 相似文献
12.
研究旨在评定猪对脱酚棉籽消化能和粗蛋白表观消化率,并比较脱酚棉籽蛋白(DCP)与豆粕(SBM)之间差异。选用体重(36.2±1.6)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪6头,采用套算法、双3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验日粮分别为脱酚棉籽蛋白日粮、豆粕日粮和基础日粮,每个拉丁方阶段包括5 d预饲期、5 d正式期,整个试验共30 d。结果表明,脱酚棉籽蛋白、豆粕消化能含量分别为12.41 MJ/kg、13.62 MJ/kg。脱酚棉籽蛋白、豆粕中粗蛋白表观消率化分别为73.35%、82.05%,表观可消化粗蛋白含量分别为37.92%、35.45%。脱酚棉籽蛋白是新型蛋白质原料,其消化能含量为豆粕的91.11%,粗蛋白表观消率化为豆粕的89.39%,可消化粗蛋白含量为豆粕的106.99%。脱酚棉籽蛋白在猪饲料中的应用具有广阔的前景。 相似文献
13.
本试验应用套算法分析肉羊常用蛋白质饲料原料中的营养成分含量和可消化营养成分对有效能值的影响,基于饲料原料中的营养成分含量和可消化营养成分建立蛋白质饲料原料代谢能(ME)的预测模型。选取36只22月龄、体重为(52.6±1.4)kg的杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代杂交去势肉羊,采用完全随机区组设计分为6个处理,包括1个基础饲粮处理和5个试验饲粮处理,每个处理6只羊。利用消化代谢试验和呼吸代谢试验并结合套算法计算5种蛋白质饲料原料的消化能(DE)和ME,并分析蛋白质饲料原料DE、ME与该原料中营养成分[干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、总能(GE)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)]和可消化营养成分[可消化干物质(DDM)、可消化有机物(DOM)、可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)、可消化粗脂肪(DEE)、可消化中性洗涤纤维(DNDF)、可消化酸性洗涤纤维(DADF)]含量之间的相关关系。结果表明:饲料原料中的OM、DDM、DOM、DCP含量与DE和ME均存在极显著正相关(P0.01);另外,DADF与DE存在极显著负相关(P0.01),与ME存在显著负相关(P0.05)。通过饲料原料中的营养成分含量预测ME的方程为:ME(MJ/kg)=-82.855+2.391OM(%)+1.802EE(%)-6.21GE(MJ/kg)-0.121ADF(%)(R2=0.910,n=30,P0.01);通过饲料原料中的可消化营养成分含量预测ME的方程为:ME(MJ/kg)=-5.564+30.526DOM(%)+55.402DEE(%)(R2=0.841,n=30,P0.01);通过饲料原料中的可消化营养成分含量与DE共同预测ME的方程为:ME=-5.787+1.126DE(MJ/kg)+20.769DEE(%)(R2=0.879,n=30,P0.01)。综上所述,在本试验中,蛋白质饲料原料中的部分营养成分和可消化营养成分含量与ME之间存在显著相关,可通过饲料原料中的营养成分和可消化营养成分含量对肉羊蛋白质饲料原料的ME进行有效预测。 相似文献
14.
《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):93-101
The seasonality of growth and low nutritional value of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture restrict milk production. The aim of the study was to determine the dry matter yield, botanical composition and nutritional value of irrigated kikuyu over-sown with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum), white clover (Trifolium repens) and red clover (T. pratense) or a mixture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with white and red clovers under intensive grazing conditions with dairy cows. The incorporation of annual ryegrass, perennial clover or perennial ryegrass–clover into kikuyu pasture changed the seasonal fodder flow and increased the spring dry matter (DM) production. The over-sowing of kikuyu with annual ryegrass had no effect on the DM production of kikuyu during the summer and autumn. Kikuyu and kikuyu–ryegrass, fertilised with nitrogen fertiliser, had a higher DM production rate than kikuyu–clover pastures. Kikuyu–ryegrass pasture transformed from ryegrass-dominant in spring to kikuyu-dominant in summer and only kikuyu in autumn. This led to a decrease in metabolisable energy (ME) and increase in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of the pasture during spring, summer and autumn as kikuyu became more dominant. The clover content of kikuyu over-sown with clover decreased annually but was still higher than 30% at the end of two years after establishment. As the kikuyu content of the kikuyu–clover pastures increased, the seasonal growth rate changed from a low autumn growth (37.9 kg DM ha?1 d?1) in the first year to a higher autumn growth (48.5 kg DM ha?1 d?1) in the second year. The over-sowing of kikuyu with clover resulted in lower DM production and NDF values and higher crude protein (CP), ME and calcium (Ca) values. The lowest CP content in kikuyu–ryegrass pasture was during summer and autumn when kikuyu was dominant. The Ca content of the grass pastures (kikuyu and kikuyu–ryegrass) was low. The phosphorus (P) content of both the kikuyu–clover and grass pastures exceeded the requirement needed for dairy production (0.38%). The mean Ca:P ratio of the kikuyu–clover pasture meets the 1.6:1 ratio needed by dairy cows. The kikuyu and kikuyu–ryegrass pasture had a Ca:P ratio lower than 1:1 and Ca supplementation would be needed for dairy cows. The incorporation of annual ryegrass, perennial clover or perennial ryegrass–clover into kikuyu pasture improved the seasonal DM production and nutritional value of the pasture. 相似文献
15.
Juan Daniel Jiménez-Rosales Ricardo Daniel Améndola-Massiotti Juan Andrés Burgueño-Ferreira Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde Pedro Topete-Pelayo Maximino Huerta-Bravo 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):531-536
This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that mixed sequential grazing of dairy cows and breeding ewes is beneficial. During the seasons of spring–summer 2013 and autumn–winter 2013–2014, 12 (spring–summer) and 16 (autumn–winter) Holstein Friesian cows and 24 gestating (spring–summer) and lactating (autumn–winter) Pelibuey ewes grazed on six (spring–summer) and nine (autumn–winter) paddocks of alfalfa and orchard grass mixed pastures. The treatments “single species cow grazing” (CowG) and “mixed sequential grazing with ewes as followers of cows” (MixG) were evaluated, under a completely randomized design with two replicates per paddock. Herbage mass on offer (HO) and residual herbage mass (RH) were estimated by cutting samples. The estimate of herbage intake (HI) of cows was based on the use of internal and external markers; the apparent HI of ewes was calculated as the difference between HO (RH of cows) and RH. Even though HO was higher in CowG, the HI of cows was higher in MixG during spring–summer and similar in both treatments during autumn–winter, implying that in MixG the effects on the cows HI of higher alfalfa proportion and herbage accumulation rate evolving from lower residual herbage mass in the previous cycle counteracted that of a higher HO in CowG. The HI of ewes was sufficient to enable satisfactory performance as breeding ewes. Thus, the benefits of mixed sequential grazing arose from higher herbage accumulation, positive changes in botanical composition, and the achievement of sheep production without negative effects on the herbage intake of cows. 相似文献
16.
Castrillo C Baucells M Vicente F Muñoz F Andueza D 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(3-6):194-198
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the chemical composition, apparent digestibility and digestible nutrients and energy content of commercial extruded compound foods for dogs. Fifty-six foods of known chemical composition and in vivo apparent digestibility were analysed overall and 51 foods were used to predict gross energy digestibility and digestible energy content. Modified partial least square calibration models were developed for organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen free extracts (NFE) and gross energy (GE) content, the apparent digestibility (OMD, CPD, EED, NFED and GED) and the digestible nutrient and energy content (DOM, DCP, DEE, DNFE and DE) of foods. The calibration equations obtained were evaluated by the standard error and the determination coefficient of cross-validation. The cross-validation coefficients of determination (R) were 0.61, 0.99, 0.91, 0.96, 0.94 and 0.92 for OM, CP, EE, CF, NFE and GE, the corresponding standard error of cross-validation (SECV) being 5.80, 3.51, 13.35, 3.64 and 16.95 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 0.29 MJ/kg DM respectively. The prediction of apparent digestibility was slightly less accurate, but NIRS prediction of digestible nutrient (g/kg DM) and DE (MJ/kg DM) gave satisfactory results, with high R (0.93, 0.97, 0.93, 0.83 and 0.93 for DOM, DCP, DEE, DNFE and DE respectively) and relatively low SECV (11.55, 6.85, 12.14 and 22.98 g/kg DM and 0.47 MJ/kg DM). It is concluded that the precision of NIRS in predicting the energy value of compound extruded foods for dogs is similar or better than by proximate analysis, as well as being faster and more accurate. 相似文献
17.
饲粮营养水平对妊娠及泌乳獭兔繁殖性能、血清生化指标及生殖激素的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在探讨饲粮营养［消化能（ＤＥ）＋粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）］水平对妊娠及泌乳獭兔繁殖性能、血清生化指标及生殖激素的影响。选用平均体重为（４．７３±０．４２）ｋｇ的经产母獭兔 １００只,随机分成 ５组（每组 ２０个重复,每个重复 １只）,分别饲喂 １０．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１８％ ＣＰ、１０．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１６％ ＣＰ、１０．０ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１７％ ＣＰ、９．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１８％ ＣＰ、９．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１６％ ＣＰ的试验饲粮。试验从母兔配种开始至仔兔 ４５日龄结束。结果表明：饲粮营养水平除显著影响断奶窝重（Ｐ＝０．０３６５）外,对妊娠及泌乳獭兔其他繁殖性能指标无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）;饲粮营养水平显著影响妊娠獭兔血清谷草转氨酶活性（Ｐ＝０．０４３９）以及胆固醇（Ｐ＝０．０４７８）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Ｐ＝０．０２５６）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（Ｐ＝０．０２４８）;妊娠獭兔血清生殖激素未受饲粮营养水平的影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）;饲粮营养水平显著影响泌乳獭兔血清总蛋白（Ｐ＝０．０３６９）、尿素氮（Ｐ＝０．０４７３）、胆固醇含量（Ｐ＝０．０２３２）;除血清促黄体生成素外,泌乳獭兔血清其他生殖激素均未受饲粮营养水平的影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。由此得出,饲粮ＣＰ水平在 １６％ ～１８％、ＤＥ水平在 ９．５～１０．５ＭＪ／ｋｇ范围内变动时,饲粮营养水平对妊娠及泌乳獭兔繁殖性能、血清生殖激素基本无影响,但会影响部分血清生化指标。 相似文献
18.
Carretero-Roque L Colunga B Smith DG González-Ronquillo M Solis-Mendez A Castelán-Ortega O 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(Z1):123-142
The limited availability of food, together with the constraints that traditional management systems impose on the natural foraging behaviour of donkeys, often results in severe under-nutrition. Few studies have been conducted into the digestibility of different forages and little information exists on nutritional requirements of donkeys. In order to measure digestible energy requirements of donkeys under tropical conditions, an experiment was carried out at the Centre for Research in Agricultural Science (CICA) and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Aut6noma del Estado de México located in the Toluca valley, Central Mexico. Thirty-two donkeys of a body condition typical for Central Mexico were divided into four groups of 8 animals each according to their sex and live weight: group 1 (G1) comprised male donkeys below the average body weight (102+/-5 kg); group 2 (G2) comprised male donkeys of average body weight (121.5+/-4 kg); group 3 (G3) comprised female donkeys below average weight (111.8 +/- 5 kg); and group 4 (G4) comprised female donkeys of average weight (127.6 +/- 5 kg). A diet of oat straw or maize stover and 15% alfalfa hay was offered to meet exact maintenance requirements. The donkeys were monitored for 13 months. The live weight of all animals was recorded daily in order to monitor whether maintenance requirements were being met. Mean daily digestible energy (DE) requirements were measured during the winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2003-2004. Digestible energy requirements of all four sex and liveweight groups were significantly (p > 0.05) higher during the spring than during the other seasons of the year (13.5, 18.0, 10.4 and 14.3 MJ DE per day during winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively). Predicted DE requirements of donkeys with a live weight range betweenn 90 and 150 kg using the data from the present study were less than those predicted using scaled-down horse feeding standards. 相似文献
19.
20.
《The Professional Animal Scientist》2002,18(1):44-51
Three grazing trials with growing cattle were conducted to evaluate three cool season perennial grasses (Manska pubescent wheatgrass, Lincoln smooth bromegrass, and Paiute orchardgrass) as complementary forages for winter wheat pasture. Initial stocking rate averaged 1,359 kg BW/ha for approximately 60 d in the two spring trials (April and May) and 857 kg BW/ha for 40 d in the fall trial (late September and October). The ADG and gain per hectare averaged, respectively, 0.86 kg/d and 287 kg/ha and 0.50 kg/d and 59 kg/ha for the spring and fall trials. Generally, neither animal growth performance nor production per hectare was different among the three grasses. However, OM of wheatgrass was more digestible, and its CP was more ruminally degradable, than that of the other grasses. Crude protein concentrations of the grasses generally ranged from 13.6 to 32.4% of DM and were more than adequate to support BW gains of 1 kg/d for growing cattle. Grazing days per hectare and BW gain per hectare from the fall grazing period were only about 30 and 20%, respectively, of the totals for spring and fall 1999, which supports previous findings that most of the production of these grasses occurs in the spring. Orchardgrass was the least resistant to summer drought. Cattle must be removed from dual-purpose winter wheat at the first hollow stem stage of maturity in late winter. However, late winter forage production of these cool season perennial grasses was inadequate to serve as complementary forage to dual-purpose winter wheat. 相似文献