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《中国饲料》2014,(2)
为研究β-甘露聚糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响,本试验选择72头体重为(7.12±0.32)kg"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组饲喂基础日粮+0.4%β-甘露聚糖酶,试验2组饲喂基础日粮+250 mg/kg 4%黄霉素。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重3.52%(P0.05),显著降低饲料增重比10.4%(P0.05),各生长性能指标与试验2组无显著差异;与试验2组相比,试验1组断奶仔猪猪瘟抗体阻断率显著提高(P0.05)。由此可见,日粮添加β-甘露聚糖酶有利于改善仔猪免疫功能,提高生长性能。 相似文献
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试验主要研究不同来源的脂肪和蛋白组成对保育仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选择272头体重为(9.0±0.5)kg的保育仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复17头,试验1组饲喂5%鱼粉+2%豆油,试验2组饲喂2%鱼粉+3%蝇蛆蛋白粉+2%鱼油,试验3组饲喂2%鱼粉+3%鸡血浆蛋白粉+2%鱼油,试验4组饲喂2%鱼粉+3%蝇蛆蛋白粉+2%棕榈油。试验结果表明:(1)试验3组的平均日增重与试验1组相比能够提高6.27%,差异显著(P0.05);试验2组和试验4组平均日增重分别比试验1组分别提高4.31%、2.89%,但差异不显著(P0.05);(2)试验2组、试验3组、试验4组分别与试验1组相比,均能降低料重比;(3)使用鸡血浆蛋白粉和蝇蛆蛋白粉代替部分鱼粉均能提高仔猪生长性能及降低增重成本。 相似文献
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酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
试验选用 72头 2 8日龄断奶的三元杂交 (杜×长×大 )仔猪 ,平均体质量 (6 .8± 0 .3)kg。研究玉米 -豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻的影响。采用完全随机设计 ,分 3个处理 ,每个处理 6个重复 (圈 ) ,每个重复 4头猪 ,公母各半混合饲养。饲养期 2 8d ,自由采食及饮水。处理 1为无酸化剂对照组、处理 2为添加 0 .3%酸化剂组、处理 3为添加 0 .6 %酸化剂组。试验结果表明 :酸化剂降低断奶仔猪胃内容物的pH ,降低病原微生物感染是快速的 ,对仔猪的生理效应需要一个渐进的过程 ,在试验的 4周才显著提高断奶仔猪日增重 (P <0 .0 5 )、增加采食量 (P <0 .0 1)、改善饲料转化效率 (P <0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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本试验研究低蛋白玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同ω-6∶ω-3比例对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫反应的影响。240头断奶仔猪随机分为5个日粮处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8头。其中,处理1为正对照组(高蛋白饲粮组,动物蛋白型+5%的玉米油);处理2为负对照组(低蛋白日粮组,玉米-豆粕型+5%玉米油),其余3个处理组低蛋白基础日粮添加梯度水平鱼油来替代玉米油:处理3(玉米-豆粕型+3.75%玉米油+1.25%鱼油)、处理4(玉米-豆粕型+2.5%玉米油+2.5%鱼油)和处理5(玉米-豆粕型+5%鱼油),其中ω-6∶ω-3比例分别为5∶1, 3∶1和1∶1的比例。试验饲喂处理日粮分两个阶段分别为7天和14天,随后是第三阶段饲喂同一日粮21天。在第6天和第20天时,每个处理选12头猪分别用1mL生理盐水溶解0.5mg卵清蛋白和0.5 mg奎宁佐剂进行免疫敏化,并测量皮肤褶皱厚度的变化。在第21天,每一重复栏选择4头猪进行LPS(30 mg大肠杆菌LPS/kg BW)免疫应激处理,并监测3小时内直肠温度的变化。第一阶段,高蛋白日粮处理猪只在平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比显著高于除第五处理组外其它低蛋白水平日粮处理组(P 0.05)。在第21天,与注射生理盐水相比,注射LPS与在第1, 2, 3小时使直肠温度升高(P 0.001);其中和其它低蛋白组相比,鱼油添加组猪只在第2小时直肠温度有所降低(P 0.05)。于第22天,低蛋白处理2猪只血清结合珠蛋白浓度要高于其它鱼油添加组(P 0.05),并随着鱼油添加水平增加而降低。于34天时,卵清蛋白的注射能引起血清抗卵清蛋白的免疫球蛋白反应,并随着鱼油添加水平增加而降低。第40天,皮内注射卵清蛋白6小时后,猪只发生过敏率最低为处理4组(P 0.05)。因此,早期保育猪阶段是对低蛋白水平日粮最为敏感的阶段,添加2.5%的鱼油(ω-6∶ω-3为3∶1)能提高生长性能;但理想的ω-6:ω-3脂肪酸比例可能与因不同免疫反应而有所差异。 相似文献
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通过两次试验研究了在母猪妊娠后期(103d)和泌乳期饲粮中添加鱼油对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。试验1和试验2分别选择20头妊娠后期(103d)健康长×大杂交经产母猪,随机分成2组,每组设10个重复栏,每栏1头母猪,仔猪21d断奶。试验1在基础饲粮中分别添加0或5%的鱼油。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加5%鱼油组:1)母猪的失重、背膘损失分别降低了39.13%和15.63%,母猪发情间隔缩短0.3d。2)显著提高了仔猪的育成率(P<0.05)、仔猪的成活率(P=0.12)和21d的平均日增重(P=0.09)。为了进一步探讨鱼油的添加量和脂肪的种类对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响,试验2在基础饲粮中分别添加7%猪油或7%的鱼油。结果显示,与添加7%的猪油相比,添加7%的鱼油组:1)显著降低了泌乳期母猪背膘损失(P<0.10),改善了泌乳期母猪体况,并且发情间隔缩短0.3d。2)显著提高了仔猪21d平均日增重(P<0.05)和断奶仔猪育成率(P=0.10),仔猪21日龄窝增重和21d平均个体重分别提高了15.07%和7.45%,但差异不显著。3)对仔猪初生个体重分布和育成率用χ2检验进一步分析发现,添加7%鱼油可显著降低初生体重≤1200g较小仔猪的比例(P<0.05),显著提高初生个体重≤1500g仔猪的育成率(P<0.05),尤其是对初生个体重≤900g弱仔的育成率提高了31%。这表明,在妊娠后期和泌乳期添加鱼油可改善母猪的繁殖性能,提高哺乳仔猪的生长性能,并在一定程度上有利于提高仔猪的成活率和断奶育成率,其中鱼油以7%的添加量效果最好。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究中药草添加剂(五倍子提取物)对保育猪生长性能、肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响.选取150头(7.31±0.12) kg的日龄相近的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪.5组分别为对照组(基础日粮)、氧化锌组(基础日粮+1000 mg/kg氧化锌)、中草药1组(基础日粮+2... 相似文献
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试验选取 2 1日龄的杜×长×大三元断奶仔猪 6 6头 ,随机分为 2组 ,每组 3个重复 ,每个重复 9～ 13只 ,研究日粮中添加 1%的谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明 ,添加 1%的谷氨酰胺可使断奶仔猪 2 1～ 35日龄阶段平均日增重比对照组提高 19.2 %(P <0 .0 5 ) ,平均日采食量提高 16 .3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清碱性磷酸酶含量提高 74 .3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清尿素氮含量降低 35 .4 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,腹泻率明显降低。添加 1%的谷氨酰胺还可使断奶仔猪2 1～ 4 9日龄阶段平均日增重提高 11.5 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,35～ 4 9日龄阶段血清尿素氮含量降低 4 3.7%(P <0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
19.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献