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1.
本文就近年来制剂新技术在提高药物溶解性和渗透性的研究进行了回顾,介绍了各种制剂新技术改善药物溶解性和渗透性的原理,分析了各种制剂新技术的利弊和其运用到兽药领域的可行性,剖析了制剂新技术在提高药物溶解性和渗透性面临的挑战,展望了制剂新技术在提高药物溶解性和渗透性的发展方向和策略。 相似文献
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2004年在国家林业局和中国科协、在各省(区、市)林业厅(局) 和省科协的正确领导下,在赵学敏副局长的高度关心和指导下,在保护司等兄弟单位和社会各界的大力支持下,在全体会员的共同努力下,全国各级协会紧紧围绕生态建设,特别是野生动植物保护工作在广泛开展宣传教育、科技交流、拯救濒危野生动植物和资金募集等方面,做了大量的工作,扩大了影响,在组织建设、发展会员上取得了突破性进展。 相似文献
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在我国的电网建设和发展过程中出现了很多的新发现和新技术,同时在工作方式上也出现了很大的转变,无人值守变电站也在电网运行中得到了很好的应用和发展,因为这种变电站在运行过程中不是人工操作的,所以要想起能够更好的发挥积极的作用就要加强对相关设备的检查和维护。本文主要研究了无人值守变电站设备巡视与维护,以供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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分析了青海生态环境现状及生态环境失调的主要原因,有针对性地指出了在经济发展中忽视生态环境治理和在生态环境治理上实行重林轻草违背自然规律的失误,强调了草业在生态环境治理中的效益,并从六个方面提出了草业在社会经济发展中的地位和作用. 相似文献
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随着我国经济和科技的不断进步,基层人民的生产生活得到了提升,各种基层行业都在蓬勃发展,包括传统畜牧业也在畜牧兽医技术推广体系的构建和发展中得到了有力的保障和推动。但在推进的过程中,由于很多外在和内在因素的影响,畜牧兽医技术推广也遇到了一定的阻碍。本文主要总结了目前发展过程中出现的问题,并针对这些问题提出具体的整改措施和建议,以期对畜牧业日后的发展做出贡献。 相似文献
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2012年8月11日,"哈药杯"全国十大兽医先进人物的颁奖典礼在兽医发展高层论坛开幕式上举行,经过近四个月的紧张筹备和评选,最终花落十家。此时的颁奖典礼隆重而严肃,它凝聚了全国兽医同仁的目光,十大兽医先进人物在现场200余位兽医同行的瞩目下,在家乡几万同胞的厚望与支持下,在全国百万兽医的肯定和关注下,带着喜悦和激动的心情登上了颁奖台,举起了沉甸甸的奖杯和荣誉证书,同时获得了价值5000元的笔记本电脑奖励,记录下了这个精彩难忘 相似文献
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周宗伟 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(2):48-49
本文探讨了抗菌肽的抗病毒作用和免疫调节作用以及抗菌肽的类型,抗菌肽作为一种具有很强的抗真菌、抗细菌和抗病毒能力的药物,在猪病的防治中具有重要意义。它不仅在生猪的日常养殖中降低了生猪发生腹泻和呼吸道感染的发病率,还在很大程度上提高了生猪的生长能力和抵抗病菌的免疫力,使生猪的肉质更佳,给养殖户带来了极大的经济收益。 相似文献
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在近十年来,“同一健康”理念在跨部门合作中得到了广泛认可。OIE在“同一健康”理念的实施中起到了引领和指导作用。OIE、WHO和FAO发布了联合通知,明确了各自的职责和目标。“同一健康”理念自实施以来取得了丰富的经验和显著效果,但也遇到了诸多问题和挑战。OIE通过制定动物和动物产品贸易及动物疾病防治标准,将人畜共患病防控作为“同一健康”框架下的优先目标。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Cyanide detoxification is catalysed by two enzymes: rhodanese [thiosulphate: cyanide sulphurtransferase, E.C. 2.8.1.1], and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase [3-MST, EC. 2.8.1.2]. In the present work, the activity of the two enzymes in the crude extracts of different tissues and in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of tissues from some ruminants (camels, cattle and sheep) and birds (chickens and pigeons) have been compared. Rhodanese activity was almost exclusively present in the mitochondrial fraction. In ruminants and chickens the highest activity of rhodanese was found in the liver, followed by the kidney. In pigeons, however, the enzyme activity was the highest in the kidneys. In camels' tissues, the rhodanese activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in cattle or sheep, and the enzyme activities in the two latter species were similar. The activity of 3-MST in the crude extract of tissues from camels was similar to that in sheep, but higher than that in cattle. The enzyme activity was equally distributed between the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions in the liver and kidneys of camels, cattle and sheep. 相似文献
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锌硒对后备猪繁殖性能及仔猪发育的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本试验研究了锌硒对后备公母猪繁殖性能和哺乳仔猪成活率的影响。在２月龄公母猪和哺３乳仔猪日粮中添加不同剂量的锌和硒,试验与对照组比较,后备母猪排卵率和产仔性能均有明显提高;后备公母初次采精时间提前,睾丸大小,射精量,精子活率和精子密度均显著提高,精子畸形率降低; 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
15.
Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of general and local anesthetics given prior to castration on piglet behavior and weight gain. The first experiment showed that use of general anesthesia by xylazine, ketamine hydrochloride and glyceryl guaiacolate for 2-wk-old piglets resulted in the death of 28% of the piglets and, for those that survived, suppressed nursing behavior. In the second experiment, using 2-wk-old piglets, local anesthesia by lidocaine hydrochloride prevented the slight (30 min) castration-induced nursing behavior suppression. In the third and fourth studies, using 7-wk-old pigs, local or general anesthetic did not overcome castration-induced changes in behavior. Castration affected behavior of 7-wk-old pigs for 6 to 8 h. None of the treatments in any of the studies influenced weight gain. We conclude that castration is painful for 2-wk-old and 7-wk-old pigs. The 2-wk-old pig seems behaviorally less affected by castration than does the 7-wk-old pig. Local anesthetic prevented pain-induced behavior changes for 2-wk-old, but not for 7-wk-old, pigs. At present, the FDA does not permit use of these anesthetics in meat-producing animals. 相似文献
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畜禽氧化应激与炎症及多酚的干预作用 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(2):14-22
氧化应激是畜禽体内活性氧产生与保护机制消除的失衡,可导致组织产生氧化损伤,最终诱发炎性疾病。氧化应激可激活多种转录因子,导致炎症途径相关基因的差异表达,由氧化应激引起的炎症是许多慢性疾病的病因。多酚作为植物次生代谢产物,被认为是有效的辅助治疗佐剂,在人和动物中发挥潜在的抗氧化和抗炎作用。多酚也被认为是具有应用潜力的畜禽饲料添加剂。综述了畜禽氧化应激与炎症的关系及机制、多酚对畜禽的抗氧化和抗炎作用及机制,以期为动物疾病抗氧化疗法的应用和新型抗炎药物的开发提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Papillomavirus and disease in humans and animals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. S. Campo 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2003,1(1):3-14
18.
W J Foreyt 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1990,6(3):655-670
The protozoan diseases, coccidiosis and cryptosporidiosis, are important enteric diseases of sheep and goats, resulting in diarrhea, inefficient weight gains, and occasionally death. Coccidiosis is a widespread, serious economic disease affecting animals who are preweaned, recently weaned, or in unsanitary, stressful, or crowded conditions, as well as after entering feedlots. The Eimeria species in sheep and goats are relatively host specific. Control is accomplished through sanitation and by incorporating one of the modern coccidiostats, such as lasalocid or decoquinate, in feed or salt to ensure an intake of approximately 1 mg of drug per kg of body weight per day for at least 30 consecutive days. Prevention and control of coccidiosis results in significantly greater weight gains and production, whereas disease with or without treatment is likely to result in inefficient production and economic loss to the producer. Cryptosporidiosis, caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, is primarily a disease of lambs and kids less than 30 days of age and is usually a milder disease than coccidiosis. Infective oocysts are passed in feces and are transmitted by oral ingestion. Oocysts readily infect a variety of animals, including humans. Cryptosporidiosis is a prevalent disease in neonatal ruminants and in humans. Effective treatments are not available, but because the disease is usually mild and self-limited, supportive care, primarily hydration, is important. Control is strict sanitation and quarantine of sick animals. Disinfection of contaminated housing with ammonia or formalin will kill the oocysts. The cyst-forming coccidia diseases, toxoplasmosis and sarcocystosis, utilize two hosts in their life cycles: sheep or goats and carnivores. Abortions and reproductive failures are major manifestations of disease. Control is through elimination of carnivore feces from the premises through management. 相似文献
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Habronemiasis is a parasitic disease of horses and other equids which is caused by the invasion of Draschia megastoma, Habronema majus, and H. muscae nematodes and is transmitted by house flies, face flies, and stable flies. The adult nematodes live in the horse's stomach, laying eggs, which pass out in the horse's feces. The carrier flies lay eggs in the horse's manure, which becomes infested with larvae while the flies feed in the manure. The nematode larvae molt while in the fly larvae and develop into infective L3 larvae by the time the adult flies emerge from their pupal stage. The infective larvae are then transmitted to the horse when flies feed on secretions or discharges from hosts' eyes, nostrils, mouths, wounds, and other openings. The L3 larvae are ingested by the horse and are then able to complete their lifecycle. The most common aberrant forms (conjunctival and cutaneous habronemiasis) are associated with the nematode larvae being deposited in these areas, not completing its life cycle, with resultant signs probably associated with local hypersensitivity. This article details the biology of nematode parasites, diagnosis and treatment of this condition, and methods of prevention and control of the transmitting flies. 相似文献
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再探草坪的起源与演化及其概念——中文·汉语的“草坪”一词及其他 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
初步考证中文·汉语的“草坪”一词及相关文史资料。再次证明中国自古分布有天然草坪。文字记载早在西汉武帝建元年间 (公元前 138年 )已大面积栽培草坪 ,于今至少有 2 139年历史。当时的草坪科学技术水平已有相当高度 ,发现并选用了结缕草 (Zoysiaspp .) [或狗牙根 (Cynodondactylon) ]和“戾莎 (Carexspp .)”等草坪草 ;发明了大面积整理地形、地貌及平整土地 ,针对不同生活型的草坪草采取“布”或“攒”等不同的建植草坪方式。嗣后 2 0 0 0年 ,处于移植天然草坪为“人工草坪” ,向人工草坪演化的过渡阶段。期间 ,于南齐·昏侯 (499～ 5 0 1)又发明了“满铺草坯”建植草坪等技术。所有的发现、发明不仅沿用至今 ,而且导致清道光朝 (182 1～ 185 1)诞生了中国式人工草坪。现代草坪缘鸦片战争 (184 0 )而传入。相伴近、现代草坪的普及 ,于清道光、咸丰年间 (184 0～ 186 1) ,市郊农村已有“草坪专业户”与“草坯专业户” ,至 2 0世纪 5 0～ 70年代 ,“草坪”一词先后被列入“词 (辞 )典”和“百科全书”等。 中文·汉语自古以来的草坪概念“平的草地” ,“长草若毛 ,‘剥’取似皮的草地表层”都清楚地规定了 :草坪是一类特殊的草地 相似文献