首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
本试验旨在研究理想氨基酸模式下,不同饲粮氨基酸水平对生长期后备母猪生长性能、血清生化指标和氨基酸浓度的影响。选用120头体况相似、平均体重为(19.00±1.50)kg的长大二元母猪,随机分成4个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10头猪,分别饲喂4种不同可消化赖氨酸(DLys)水平的玉米-豆粕型饲粮。20~40 kg阶段,饲粮DLys水平为0.78%(1组)、0.83%(2组)、0.88%(3组)、0.93%(4组);40~70 kg阶段,饲粮DLys水平为0.68%(1组)、0.73%(2组)、0.78%(3组)、0.83%(4组),并通过添加4种合成氨基酸保证4组饲粮中DLys、可消化含硫氨基酸、可消化苏氨酸、可消化色氨酸的比值(100∶60∶65∶18)一致。结果表明,20~40 kg阶段,试验2组平均日增重(569.69 g)达到最大,料重比(2.24)最低;试验2组血清尿素氮浓度显著低于试验3和4组(P0.05),与试验1组差异不显著(P0.05);试验2组血清类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ浓度显著高于试验3和4组(P0.05),与试验1组差异不显著(P0.05);血清游离赖氨酸、苏氨酸浓度2组显著低于试验3和4组(P0.05),血清游离亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和缬氨酸浓度2组显著低于试验3和4组(P0.05)。40~70 kg阶段,试验3组平均日增重(787.43 g)达到最大,料重比(2.55)最低;试验3组血清尿素氮浓度显著低于其他试验组(P0.05),血清类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ浓度各组间差异不显著(P0.05);血清游离赖氨酸、苏氨酸浓度试验3组显著低于试验1、2组(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,长大后备母猪20~40 kg阶段适宜饲粮DLys水平为0.83%,以消化能浓度表示为0.61 g/MJ,40~70 kg阶段适宜饲粮DLys水平为0.78%、以消化能浓度表示为0.57 g/MJ。  相似文献   

2.
本研究旨在理想氨基酸模式下,探讨不同氨基酸水平的低蛋白质饲粮对后备母猪初情日龄、血清代谢产物和激素浓度的影响。选用96头体貌相近、平均体重为(69.01±3.43)kg的长白×大白杂交后备母猪,随机分成4个组,每个组4个重复,分别饲喂4种不同可消化赖氨酸(DLys)水平的低蛋白质饲粮,并通过添加合成氨基酸保证4组饲粮中可消化赖氨酸、可消化含硫氨基酸、可消化苏氨酸和可消化色氨酸的值一致。70~100kg阶段,饲粮DLys水平为0.61%(组1)、0.66%(组2)、0.71%(组3)、0.76%(组4);100~125kg阶段,饲粮DLys水平为0.55%(组1)、0.60%(组2)、0.65%(组3)、0.70%(组4)。结果表明,增加饲粮DLys水平显著提高血清中赖氨酸(Lys)浓度,对血清甘油三酯(TG)和葡萄糖(GLU)浓度的影响不显著(P0.05);血清胰岛素(INS)、胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)、促黄体素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)浓度随饲粮DLys水平的增加而提高,试验组3达到最高值(P0.05),之后随DLys水平的增加而降低,试验组3血清INS浓度显著高于试验组1(P0.05);后备母猪背膘厚和发情率随着饲粮DLys水平的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势(P0.05),初情日龄试验组3比试验组4显著提前(P0.05)。综上表明,在理想氨基酸模式下,长大后备母猪70~100kg阶段和100~125kg阶段饲粮DLys适宜日摄入量分别为17.82和17.29g·d~(-1),即饲粮DLys水平分别为0.71%和0.65%时,有利于提高后备母猪血清代谢激素INS、IGF-I和生殖激素LH、E_2的浓度,缩短初情期日龄,提高发情率。  相似文献   

3.
以西南地区主要杂交组合长×荣和杜×长×大生长肥育猪为研究对象,在充分饲养条件下,测定了20~35kg、35~50kg、50~80kg、80~100kg阶段胴体无脂瘦肉沉积速度,建立了真可消化赖氨酸需要模型,据此模型预测了氨基酸需要量。结果表明,1)长×荣杂交猪真可消化赖氨酸需要模型Y(mg/d)=8665.41-183.3体质量 7.7788体质量2-0.0612体质量3 36体质量0.75(公母间差异很小)。2)杜×长×大杂种猪真可消化赖氨酸需要模型为:公猪(mg/d)=8951 184.5体质量-1.25体质量2 36体质量0.75,母猪(mg/d)=9330 175.4体质量-1.43体质量2 36体质量0.75。3)长×荣杂交猪20~50kg、50~80kg和80~100kg阶段真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为9.67、13.63和11.61g/d,总赖氨酸需要量分别为11.0、15.5和13.0g/d。4)杜×长×大杂交猪相应体质量阶段的真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为14.32、16.01和14.39g/d,总赖氨酸需要量分别为15.75、17.60和16.37g/d。5)20~50kg、50~80kg和80~100kg阶段真可消化赖氨酸需要量长×荣较杜×长×大相应低48.1%、17.5%和23.9%。  相似文献   

4.
文章旨在探讨日粮粗蛋白质和可消化赖氨酸水平对育肥猪生长性能、氮平衡及养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择体重接近的10周龄生长猪800头,随机分为10组,每组8个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验日粮采用5×2因子设计,即粗蛋白质水平分别为135、150、165、180和195 g/kg,可消化赖氨酸水平为8和9 g/kg。试验从10周龄开始,到21周龄结束。结果 :随着日粮粗蛋白质水平的增加,平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均表现为显著二次曲线效应(P 0.05),同时13和16周龄猪的体重也呈二次曲线效应(P 0.05)。除了10～13周及16～21周外,日粮可消化赖氨酸水平为9 g/kg时显著提高了饲料报酬(P 0.05)。可消化赖氨酸水平在8 g/kg时,干物质和能量表观消化率随粗蛋白质水平的增加而增加(P 0.05),与9 g/kg可消化赖氨酸处理相比,135 g/kg粗蛋白质和9 g/kg可消化赖氨酸处理组显著提高了脂肪的表观消化率(P 0.05),而在8 g/kg赖氨酸处理中,135和150 g/kg粗蛋白质组显著提高了脂肪表观消化率(P 0.05)。可消化赖氨酸水平为9 g/kg时,氮排泄量随日粮粗蛋白质水平的升高而增加(P 0.05),氮沉积率随日粮粗蛋白质水平的升高而显著升高(P 0.05)。结论 :在本试验条件下,40 kg以下或13周龄以下的猪,日粮中粗蛋白质和可消化赖氨酸含量应高于本研究水平,即粗蛋白质 195 g/kg,可消化赖氨酸 9 g/kg。  相似文献   

5.
以西南地区主要杂交组合长×荣和杜×长×大生长肥育猪为研究对象,在充分饲养条件下,测定了20～35kg、35～50kg、50～80kg、80～100kg阶段胴体无脂瘦肉沉积速度,建立了真可消化赖氨酸需要模型,据此模型预测了氨基酸需要量。结果表明:①长×荣杂交猪真可消化赖氨酸需要模型Y(mg/d)=8665.41-183.3BW+7.7788BW2-0.0612BW3+36BW0.7(5公母间差异很小)。②杜×长×大杂种猪真可消化赖氨酸需要模型为:公猪Y(mg/d)=8951+184.5BW-1.25BW2+36BW0.75,母猪Y(mg/d)=9330+175.4BW-1.43BW2+36BW0.75。③长×荣杂交猪20~50kg、50~80kg和80~100kg阶段真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为9.67、13.63和11.61g/d,总赖氨酸需要量分别为11.0、15.5和13.0g/d。④杜×长×大杂交猪相应体重阶段的真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为14.32、16.01和14.39g/d,总赖氨酸需要量分别为15.75、17.60和16.37g/d。⑤20~50kg、50~80kg和80~100kg阶段真可消化赖氨酸需要量长×荣较杜×长×大相应低48.1%、17.5%和23.9%。  相似文献   

6.
为了验证NRC(1998)生长模型对我国长×荣二元杂交仔猪的适用性并确定其氨基酸需要量,试验选用体重约10kg的长×荣公猪和母猪各15头,通过饲养试验和屠宰试验测定其生产性能、胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数及胴体成分,结合杨飞云等(2002)20～100kg长×荣生长肥育猪的试验结果,建立日增重与体重、胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数与体重、体蛋白沉积速度与体重之间的回归方程。根据胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数与体重的回归方程以及无脂瘦肉的蛋白质沉积系数和蛋白质沉积的赖氨酸需要系数,建立长×荣杂交猪赖氨酸需要量的数学模型,利用此数学模型预测10～20kg长×荣杂交猪的氨基酸需要量,并用全胴体法进行验证。试验结果显示:①根据NRC(1998)生长模型,用胴体分离法建立10～100kg长×荣杂交猪赖氨酸需要量的数学模型为:真可消化赖氨酸需要量(mg/d)=-0.0515BW3+5.5412BW2-16.904BW+5189.6+36BW0.75,据此模型计算10～20kg长×荣杂交猪的真可消化赖氨酸需要量为6.28g/d,总赖氨酸需要量为7.26g/d;按占风干日粮百分比表示的真可消化赖氨酸需要量为0.69%,总赖氨酸需要量为0.80%。其它必需氨基酸的需要量按NRC(1998)推荐的理想蛋白氨基酸模式中各种氨基酸与赖氨酸的比例计算;②用全胴体法测得10～20kg长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸沉积速度为5.32g/d,?  相似文献   

7.
试验选用80头体重为40 kg左右的杜×(长×大)三元杂交猪,随机分为5个处理,每处理公、母各半,分别饲喂可消化赖氨酸水平为0.59%、0.67%、0.75%、0.83%、0.91%的等能(14.21 M J/kg)、等氨基酸模式的玉米-豆粕型日粮。通过对生产性能和血液生化指标的研究,来确定生长肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需要量。结果表明,当可消化赖氨酸水平为0.75%时,平均日增重、谷草转氨酶活性最高,差异显著(P<0.05);料重比最低,差异显著(P<0.05);血清尿素氮浓度最低,差异极显著(P<0.01)。可消化赖氨酸的不同水平对血清中甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白浓度以及谷丙转氨酶活性没有影响,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。上述结果提示,40~70 kg生长猪的可消化赖氨酸和总赖氨酸需求参数分别为0.75%、0.84%。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究性别对长白×荣昌(以下简称长×荣)仔猪赖氨酸需要量的影响,试验选用体重约10kg的长×荣杂交猪30头(公母各半),通过饲养试验和屠宰试验测定其生产性能和胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数,结合杨飞云等(2002)20～100kg长×荣生长肥育猪的试验结果,建立胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数与体重的回归方程。根据该方程及无脂瘦肉的蛋白质沉积系数和蛋白质沉积的赖氨酸需要系数,建立不同性别长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量模型,利用此模型预测10～20kg不同性别长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量。试验结果显示:根据NRC(1998)生长模型的参数,用胴体分离法建立10～100kg长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量模型为:公猪真可消化赖氨酸需要量(mg/d)=-0.0531BW3+5.7592BW2-22.522BW+5255.6+36BW0.75,母猪真可消化赖氨酸需要量(mg/d)=-0.0499BW3+5.3233BW2-11.286BW+5123.5+36BW0.75;据此模型计算10～20kg长×荣公猪和母猪的真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为6.308g/d、6.258g/d,总赖氨酸需要量为7.264g/d、7.197g/d;按占风干日粮百分比表示,公猪和母猪的真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为0.689%、0.693%,总赖氨酸需要量分别为0.793%、0.797%;用NRC(1998)生长模型胴体分离法估测的10～20kg不同性别长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量相近,说明性别对长×荣仔猪赖氨酸需要量的影响很小。  相似文献   

9.
长×荣杂交猪体蛋白沉白觉积模型及氨基酸需要量的预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以长×荣二元杂交猪为研究对象,通过饲养试验和屠宰试验,测定了试验猪20～35、35～50、50～80、80～100 kg阶段的生产性能和胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数(胴体无脂瘦肉沉积速度).试验结果表明试验猪全期日增重平均为762 g,平均日采食量2 153 g,饲料报酬(F/G)2.787,各生产性能公母间差异不显著(P > 0.05);日增重与体重的回归方程为ADG(g/d)=293.03+15.1BW-0.1 034BW2(R2= 0.9988);试验猪全期胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数为227 g/d;体蛋白沉积模型Y(g/d)=72.211-1.5275BW+0.0648BW2-0.0005BW3(R2= 0.955) ;真可消化赖氨酸需要模型Y(mg/d)= 8 665.41-183.3BW+7.7788BW2-0.0612BW3+36BW0.75,据此模型推算出20～50、50～80、80～100 kg阶段真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为9.67、13.63和11.61 g/d,总赖氨酸需要量为11.12、15.76和13.42 g/d,真可消化赖氨酸按占风干日粮的百分比表示为0.61 %、0.56 %和0.41 %,总赖氨酸需要量按占风干日粮的百分比表示为0.70 %、0.64 %和0.47 %,其他必需氨基酸需要量按NRC(1998)推荐的理想蛋白模式及各种表示方法的转换系数进行计算.  相似文献   

10.
应用部分扣除饲粮氨基酸(AA)的氮平衡试验法研究了大白×长白猪生长阶段(35～60kg)和育肥阶段(60～90kg)的可消化赖(DLys)、蛋 +胱(D -SAA)、苏(DThr)、色氨酸(DTrp)平衡模式。每个阶段各用18头猪进行N平衡试验。每个N平衡试验均设6个处理组 ,即高蛋白基础日粮组(BD)、低蛋白加合成AA对照组(PC)、在PC基础上分别将研究的扣除25 %4种氨基酸的其它4个试验组。每个处理设3个重复 ,每重复1头猪。饲粮为玉米—豆粕—玉米蛋白粉型。所有饲粮等能(3.40McalDE/kg) ,基础饲粮CP与DLys水平相应为161g/kg、5.28g/kg。试验结果表明 ,按单位代谢体重的N沉积与可消化氨基酸摄入量计算 ,大长猪生长阶段DLys、D -SAA、DThr、DTrp的平衡比例为100 :49 :72 :19 ;育肥阶段为100 :34 :64 :23。表明氨基酸平衡模式因猪的体重阶段不同而异  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

19.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号