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1.
给乳牛单剂量肌注0.73mg/kg乳炎消后不同时间采集血样，采用紫外分光光度法测定血药浓度。应用MCPKP药动学程序自动拟合处理血药浓度－时间数据，并求出药动学参娄。血药浓度－时间曲线符合一级吸收－一室开放模型。最佳药时方程Ci=17.8(e^-0.333t-e^-1.57t)。主要药动学参数：t1/2Ka为0.441h,t1/2K为2.082h,tmax为1.395h,Cmax为11.671μg/mL，AUC53．477mg/lh,Tcp为12.733h。根据单剂量给药参数计算出多剂量给药参数：г为12h,D^*为0.mL/kg,D（维持剂量）为0.08mL/kg。 相似文献
2.
《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(6)
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/kg·bw剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L)·h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D为3.2794mg/kg·bw,D0为1.8789mg/kg·bw,R为1.7454。 相似文献
3.
健康赛马6匹,随机分为2组,分别以5 mg/kg体重和2.5 mg/kg体重2个剂量静注复方丁氨丙磷注射液。用液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)测定血清中药物浓度,采用3p97药代动力学程序软件对所得药-时数据进行处理。结果表明,血清中丁氨丙磷的浓度下降很快,无论高剂量组还是低剂量组,24 h后血清中均无丁氨丙磷检出(检测限10 ng/mL)。高剂量和低剂量静注药-时数据均符合权重1/C2的二室模型。平均最高浓度分别为高剂量组87.81μg/mL和低剂量组10.22μg/mL,Tmax均为1 min。血药浓度-时间方程为高剂量:C=98.40e-0.31t 6.15e-0.0089t,低剂量:C=6.87e-0.048t 6.15e-0.0079t,高、低剂量组的消除相半衰期t1/2beta分别为77.78 min和87.37 min。药-时曲线下面积(AUC)高剂量组为1 005.55(μg/mL).min和低剂量组为565.16(μg/mL).min,说明该药在马体内的消除速度比较快。 相似文献
4.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(8):61-65
18头健康猪随机分成3组,分别按每公斤体重10 mg单剂量颈部注射环丙沙星注射液、盐酸林可霉素注射液及环丙-林可霉素长效注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定环丙沙星和林可霉素的血药浓度,评价环丙-林可霉素长效注射液在猪体内的药物动力学特征。环丙-林可霉素长效注射液中环丙沙星及参比注射液主要药动学参数分别为:药时曲线下面积(AUC)23.62和15.67μg·h/mL,消除半衰期(t1/2β)12.34和5.22 h,达峰时间(Tp)1.54和0.94 h,吸收半衰期(t1/2α)0.45和0.27 h。林可霉素及参比注射液主要药动学参数分别为:AUC为25.68和18.40μg·h/mL,t1/2β为10.74和3.59 h,Tp为1.03和0.69 h,t1/2α为0.37和0.25 h。结果表明:肌内注射环丙-林可霉素长效注射液后,两药均迅速吸收,体内释放平稳,消除缓慢,具有长效和缓释的作用。 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在探讨加丽素红中角黄素在鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选取19周龄的海兰蛋鸡12只,单次灌胃口服加丽素红9.6 mg/kg BW,在72 h内不同时间段分10次采集静脉血,用高效液相色谱法测定鸡血清中角黄素的质量浓度,并利用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理血药浓度-时间数据.结果如下:加丽素红经口服给药后,角黄素在鸡体内的血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收一室模型,其理论方程为C=0.471(e-0.036-e-0.190),主要药代动力学参数为:吸收半衰期t1/2(Ka)=(3.643±0.205)h,消除半衰期t1/2(Ke)=(19.263±1.312)h,达峰时间Tmax=(10.795±1.007)h,达峰浓度Cmax=(0.259±0.048)μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=(10.607±1.029)μg/(mL·h),总体清除率CLB=(0.905±0.076)L/(kg·h),表观分布容积Vd=(2.515±0.133)L/kg.上述结果表明,角黄素在鸡体内血药浓度的变化表征了加丽素红在鸡体内代谢的变化规律,具有吸收分布较迅速、达峰快、体内分布广泛、消除速度较慢等特点. 相似文献
6.
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡单剂量52.86 mg/kg·BW剂量灌服1％硫酸锌溶液不同时间采血,应用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:Ci=27.63626 (e-0.166907t-e-0.0.35005t).主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.98014 hrs,t1/2Ke为4.15290 hrs,tp为4.52561hrs,Cmax为7.36195μg/L,AUC为86.62806(μg/L)·h.根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数. 相似文献
7.
本论文以高效液相色谱(HPLC)内标法为定量手段,研究了单诺沙星经静注、口服两种途径给药后在雏鸡体内的药物代谢动力学特征;以菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡球菌)的体外抗菌后效应。静注和内服给药后血药浓度-时间数据分别符合无吸收因素二室开放式模型和一级吸收一室开放式模型。静注给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2α0.3313h、t1/2β5.9940h、Vd7.5246L/kg、AUC5.6916μg/(mL·h)、CLB0.8935/(kg·h)。内服给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2Ka0.3029h、t1/2K6.5128h、tmax1.2100h、Cmax0.5159μg/mL、AUC5.1329μg/(mL·h),生物利用度为90.18%。抗菌后效应(PAE)结果如下,浓度分别为0.5MIC、2MIC、4.MIC的单诺沙星对大肠杆菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.6464±0.0294)h,(1.2077±0.0284)h,(1.6529±0.0496)h,对金葡球菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.5660±0.0075)h,(1.1746±0.0057)h,(1.4913±0.0257)h。 相似文献
8.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(24)
为了研究氟尼辛葡甲胺在奶牛体内的代谢情况,试验采用健康成年母牛5头,按体重2.0 mg/kg的剂量肌肉注射氟尼辛葡甲胺,血浆样品经过甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心,取上清液用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定奶牛血浆中氟尼辛葡甲胺的浓度,DAS药代动力学软件处理血药浓度-时间数据。结果表明:主要药代动力学参数AUC(0~t)为(126.01±15.34)μg/mL·h,MRT(0~t)为(4.92±0.39)h,t1/2z为(7.57±2.27)h,Vz/F为(159.33±42.66)L·h/kg,Tmax为0.5 h,Cmax为(44.56±2.88)μg/mL。说明氟尼辛葡甲胺在产后奶牛体内肌肉注射后吸收迅速,达峰时间短,半衰期较长。 相似文献
9.
《中国兽医杂志》2016,(11)
为了给临床防治蛇病合理应用左氧氟沙星提供理论依据,本试验采用微生物法测定眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星后的血药浓度变化。结果显示:眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星后0.25 h可以检测到药物,平均血药浓度为0.78μg/mL,0.5 h为0.88μg/mL,1 h为0.81μg/mL,2 h之后血药浓度逐渐下降,24 h未能检测到血液中含有药物;药物代谢动力学主要参数为:达峰时间T_(max)为0.417±0.118,峰浓度C_(max)为0.902±0.049μg/m L,半衰期t_(1/2λ)为13.812±1.864 h。试验表明:眼镜蛇肌肉注射盐酸左氧氟沙星吸收快,消除缓慢。建议蛇临床应用盐酸左氧氟沙星的方法为肌肉注射,给药剂量10 mg/kg,给药间隔时间48 h。 相似文献
10.
为研究三苯双脒在绵羊体内动态变化的规律,采用方法如下:绵羊1次口服给药60、120、180 mg/kg体重3个剂量组,依据消除速率常数、吸收率常数、达峰时、血药浓度-时间曲线等主要药动学参数,经上海宏能软件有限公司开发的临床药物代谢动力学软件进行数据分析,符合血管外给药一级吸收一室模型,主要药动学参数为:吸收率常数Ka=0.15129h,t1/2Ka=4.74h,消除速率常数Ke=0.082 121h,t1/2Ke=8.46h,t1/2=19.03 h,达峰时tmax=8.0 h,Cmax=6257μg/L,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=300 51μg/L.h。三苯双脒肠溶片在羊体内吸收快、半衰期长等特点。说明三苯双脒肠溶片在药效试验剂量范围内比较安全。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
14.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献
15.
The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies. 相似文献
16.
Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area. 相似文献
17.
不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。 相似文献
18.
Emma Scurrell Sue Manning Pedro Malho Alex Civello John Mould Rossella Carrozza Bart E. Wagner 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(2):402-408
A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed. 相似文献
19.
优质肉鸡S3系体重与体尺性状指标的主成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究地方优质肉鸡S3系体重和体尺性状之间的内在相关性,12周龄时选取同一饲养条件下的150只鸡(公母各半)进行体重和体尺性状等7个指标的测定。结果表明:S3系公鸡的体重、体斜长、龙骨长、胸角均显著高于母鸡(P0.05);公母鸡体重、体斜长、胸宽、胫围这4项指标变异系数较大,有较大选育空间;体重与体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胸角、胫围呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.57、0.52、0.51、0.49和0.47,与胸深、胫长呈显著相关(P0.05),相关系数分别为0.44和0.39;其他各体尺指标间也存在不同程度的正负相关性(P0.05或P0.01);体重和7个体尺性能指标综合成5个复合指标,累计贡献率达92.6355%,其中第l、2、3、4、5主成分分别解释总变异的36.5353%、22.8642%、13.3115%、10.4535%和8.4710%;各主成分的特征根分布较广,经统计计算入选的5个主成分所包含信息的侧重点各有相同,分别都在一定程度上反映了S3鸡的体型特征和生长发育规律,为今后选育出更加符合市场需求的屠宰加工优质型肉鸡指明了的方向。 相似文献
20.
Abstract AIM: To document the efficacy of five commercially available mydriatics for their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic use in Angora goats. METHODS: Over 8 weeks, the mydriatic effects of 1% tropicamide, 2% homatropine, 1% cyclopentolate, 1% atropine and 0.25% hyoscine were evaluated. Given as block treatments, drugs were applied randomly to one eye of 10 Angora goats, and the contralateral eye served as a control. Vertical and horizontal pupil diameters were measured to document onset ofeffect, time to reach a difference of 5 mm in the vertical/horizontal pupil diameter between eyes, time to maximum pupillary dilation, and duration of mydriatic action. RESULTS: Onset of mydriasis for all drugs occurred within 15 minutes. Time to reach a difference of 5 mm in the vertical pupil diameter between eyes was shortest for 1% tropicamide and 0.25% hyoscine (0.5 h), then 2% homatropine and 1% atropine (0.75 h), and longest for 1% cyclopentolate (1.5 h). The maximum vertical pupillary dilation occurred earliest with 1% tropicamide and 1% atropine (2 h), followed by 0.25% hyoscine (3 h), 2% homatropine (4 h), and latest with 1% cyclopentolate (8 h). The duration of vertical dilation of the pupil was shortest with 1% tropicamide (6 h), then 2% homatropine (12 h), 1% cyclopentolate (12 h), 1% atropine (24 h), and longest for 0.25% hyoscine (96 h). The time to reach maximum horizontal dilation of the pupil in treated eyes was shortest with 1% cyclopentolate (1 h), followed by 1% tropicamide (1.5 h), 0.25% hyoscine (3 h), 2% homatropine (3.5 h), and 1% atropine (4 h). The duration of horizontal pupil dilation was shortest with 1% tropicamide (4.5 h), and longest with 0.25% hyoscine (48 h). CONCLUSION: All five mydriatics induced clinical dilation. Tropicamide (1%) had the shortest duration of effect, but gave incomplete dilation. Good dilation was achieved with 1% cyclopentolate and 2% homatropine, but took too long to reach maximum dilation for routine mydriasis. The largest vertical dilation of the pupil was achieved with 1% atropine and 0.25% hyoscine, but pupils remained dilated for more than 24 h. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For routine mydriasis in goats, it is recommended that 1% tropicamide be used, though there may be incomplete dilation. For a longer duration of mydriasis, such as in the treatment of anterior uveitis, 1% atropine or 0.25% hyoscine would be the drugs of choice. 相似文献