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1.
结合生产实际,采用不同添加量的酵母浸出液、鸡血清、NADH作为半合成培养基的辅料进行Hpg-8株的培养,通过活菌计数及菌液OD600吸光值的测定来比较各试验组的培养效果,并将所获得的培养物适当浓缩后制成油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫60日龄SPF鸡进行免疫原性的测定。最后,综合考虑各组培养物的抗原浓度、单位生产成本及免疫原性,确定使用在半合成培养基中添加5%鸡血清、10%酵母浸出液和0.0015%NADH的培养方案进行Hpg-8株的培养,采用该培养条件所获得的菌液的活菌数可达2.04×109CFU/mL,其免疫原性也符合中华人民共和国兽药典对Hpg-8株制苗抗原的要求。  相似文献   

2.
为建立一种快速测定副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度的方法,本研究选取副鸡禽杆菌血清A、B、C型代表性菌株（CVCC254株、CVCC257株和CVCC256株）,培养制备菌液,分别在450nm、540nm、600nm、650nm波长测定其吸光度值（OD值）,同时测定活菌计数值。回归分析两组数据,获取回归方程及标准曲线,分析回归方程的测定系数（R2）和标准曲线的点线离散度,确定最适测定波长。再选取不同培养时间点（10h、12h、14h、16h、18h、20h）的菌液,在最适波长下测定其OD值并代入回归方程获取活菌数,同时采用活菌计数法获取活菌计数值,将两组数据使用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,进一步验证分光光度法与活菌计数法测定菌液浓度的相关性。结果显示,3株菌液在600nm波长测定的OD值与活菌计数值之间均呈最佳的线性关系,确定其菌液浓度最适测定波长均为600nm,其回归方程分别为y=14.302x－0.1441（R2=0.9962）、y=14.464x－0.2746（R2=0.995）和y=14.681x－0.01326（R2=0.9989）,y为活菌计数值（×108 CFU/mL）,x为OD600值。3株培养至衰退期前的菌液在600nm波长测定的OD值代入回归方程计算获得的活菌数值与其活菌计数值无显著差异（P＞0.05）。研究结果表明,衰退期前副鸡禽杆菌菌液的分光光度法与活菌计数法具有良好的相关性。因此,该分光光度法可用于快速测定衰退期前副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度。  相似文献   

3.
在猪丹毒菌液培养过程中，用氨水控制培养基pH值，使菌液的活菌数达到较高水平，满足配苗要求。  相似文献   

4.
本试验用扁瓶固体培养法、摇床液体培养法和10L发酵罐培养法制备禽多杀性巴氏杆菌种子液,采用细菌比浊法和活菌计数法,计算高密度发酵菌液浓度,比较3种方法制备的种子液对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌抗原生产的影响。经过3批次试验,扁瓶固体培养法制备的种子液经高密度发酵培养后测得的活菌数为1.56×1010~1.65×1010 CFU/mL,比浊计数为2.10×1010~2.59×1010 CFU/mL;而摇床液体培养法制备的种子液经高密度发酵培养后测得的活菌数为1.54×1010~1.74×1010 CFU/mL,比浊计数为2.10×1010~2.45×1010 CFU/mL。发酵罐培养制备的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌种子接种200L发酵罐进行高密度发酵培养后测得的活菌数可达1.85×1010~2.05×1010 CFU/mL,比浊计数为2.45×1010~2.80×1010 CFU/mL。结果表明,10L发酵罐培养制备的种子液优于扁瓶固体培养法和摇床液体培养法制备的种子液,而后两者无明显差别;从3批次平均值看,前者比后两者活菌计数结果提高约21.60%,比浊计数结果提高约15.52%。说明采用10L发酵罐培养制备的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌种子进行高密度发酵培养可显著提高菌液浓度,增加单位抗原含量(P0.01)。  相似文献   

5.
为优化仔猪副伤寒耐热保护剂活疫苗生产工艺,对细菌生长曲线、耐热保护剂和冻干曲线进行了研究,建立了发酵体积1%、2%和3%的二级种子接种量下分别发酵12 h~20 h的细菌生长曲线,检测3个配苗比例、4种耐热保护剂和3条冻干曲线下成品疫苗的冻干菌存率、活菌存活率和安全性,确定了接种3%二级种子液发酵培养17 h为最佳发酵培养条件,发酵菌数达到428×108CFU/m L;最佳配苗比例为菌液︰耐热保护剂1∶1(V∶V),优化保护剂B作为最佳耐热保护剂,设定冻干程序3#作为最佳冻干曲线。基于此,仔猪副伤寒耐热保护剂活疫苗抗原含量达到40头份/瓶,冻干菌存率和活菌存活率均达到95%以上,大幅度降低了猪体免疫副反应,极大提升了疫苗的产品品质。  相似文献   

6.
为优化枯草芽孢杆菌与刺五加多糖合生发酵的条件,本试验采用4×2因子试验设计,筛选适宜的温度(30、34、37、40℃)和转速(120 r/min和170 r/min);采用单因素试验设计筛选接种量(1%、2%、4%、6%、8%)、装液量(50、100 m L)和初始p H值(5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5、8、8.5);根据菌液的活菌数和芽胞产率确定刺五加多糖的添加量(0、0.4、0.8、1.6、2.4、3.6、4.8、6.4、8、10 mg/m L)及合生元的培养时间(24、36、48 h)。结果表明,种子液的培养时间为24 h,温度为37℃、转速为170 r/min,接种量为4%,250 m L锥形瓶中装液量为50 m L,培养基初始p H值为7.0,刺五加多糖的添加量为1.6 mg/m L,合生元培养时间为36 h,把培养好的菌液按1 L菌液∶0.5 kg麸皮的比例用干燥细麸皮吸附,在45℃烘箱中烘干即得枯草芽孢杆菌-刺五加多糖合生元。经检测,其活菌数为5×109cfu/g左右。  相似文献   

7.
将鸡毒支原体弱毒冻干疫苗和湿苗分别在不同温度下保存,然后分别在不同时间内测定其活菌数和鸡体内免疫效力测定。活菌数测定结果表明：鸡毒支原体冻干疫苗在－２５℃的条件下保存１１．５个月,活菌数维持不变;在－１５℃保存９．５个月,活菌数下降一个滴度;在４℃～１０℃条件下保存８．５个月,活菌数不变。湿苗（培养物）的室温２４℃保存４ｄ,活苗数不变,保存５ｄ活菌数下降两个滴度;在３２℃保存４８ｈ活菌数不变,保存  相似文献   

8.
以不同佐剂处理的禽霍乱弱毒活菌液,胸肌接种鸡后,不同时间内剖杀试验鸡,分别采集注射部位、肝、脾、肾、肺、胸腺、胰、脑、法氏囊和心血等组织材料作巴氏杆菌分离。结果表明:(1)禽霍乱活菌在鸡体内器官居留时间十分短暂,在肝、脾、肾、肺居留时间最长只有1—2天;(2)不同时间剖杀试验鸡均末能从胸腺、胰、脑、法氏囊和心血等材料中分离到接种菌;(3)不同佐剂处理的活菌液在注射居留时间,以油佐剂的6—8天为最长,其次是铝胶佐剂的5天,不加任何佐剂的马丁汤稀释菌液在局部居留时间最短,只有1—2天。  相似文献   

9.
鸭疫里氏杆菌液体发酵培养工艺研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
本试验旨在利用液体发酵装置对鸭疫里氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)GN52株在改良酵母肉汤中的发酵培养情况进行研究。通过染色镜检、活菌计数、D450 nm值测定、pH测定等方法对RA的生长规律进行摸索,确定培养方法、最佳收菌时间及最佳灭活条件。结果表明,RA在培养过程中,菌液pH基本不变;37 ℃液体发酵培养20 h活菌含量最高,可达320亿~350亿CFU/mL;0.3%甲醛37 ℃灭活18 h为最佳;D450 nm值与活菌数之间存在一定的函数关系,可通过测定RA菌液的D450 nm值推算其活菌数。  相似文献   

10.
通过不同饮苗剂量组合和不同时间间隔组合的选择试验，确定Ｒ１－２３固体培养弱毒活菌苗两次饮水免疫的最适总剂量为每只５０亿个活菌即２５亿＋２５亿饮苗剂量组合。两次饮苗的最佳间隔时间为４８小时。免疫鸡以每只初次饮服２５亿个Ｒ１－２３活菌后，间隔４８小时再饮服２５亿个Ｒ１－２３活菌的方法免疫，可产生９０－１００％的近期免疫保护率。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

20.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

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