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1.
为了探讨肉鸡日粮中添加枯草芽胞杆菌B7对其生长性能、饲料蛋白消化率的影响,选取7日龄健康肉鸡180只,随机分成3个处理组,每个组设4个重复,分别为对照组(CK组)、枯草芽胞杆菌1组(Y1组)和枯草芽胞杆菌2组(Y2组),试验期为42d。研究各试验组日耗料、日增重、料肉比、胃蛋白消化率、回肠蛋白消化率。结果表明,与CK组相比,Y2组肉鸡日耗料提高了5.81%,日增重提高了7.29%,料肉比降低了2.43%,且三者差异均显著(P<0.05);此外,在14日龄时,Y2组的饲料胃蛋白消化率和肠蛋白消化率分别提高了28.07%和21.29%,且两者差异显著(P<0.05)。肉鸡日粮中添加适量的枯草芽胞杆菌能显著提高其生长性能和饲料利用率。  相似文献   

2.
将240只1日龄罗斯(ROSS 308)肉鸡分为4个组:处理组1(对照组)饲用基础日粮+金霉素,处理组2饲用基础日粮+枯草芽胞杆菌,处理组3饲用基础日粮+丝兰提取物,处理组4饲用基础日粮+丝兰提取物和枯草芽胞杆菌,以研究丝兰提取物和枯草芽胞杆菌对肉鸡生长性能的影响,试验期42 d。结果:平均日增重和料重比指标,处理组4肉鸡显著优于处理组1(P<0.05),而处理组2和3之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。肉鸡21日龄时,处理组4肉鸡血清白蛋白浓度显著大于处理组1;处理组4血清尿酸浓度显著小于处理组1。42日龄时,处理组2和4肉鸡的血清白蛋白浓度显著大于处理组1。本试验证明丝兰提取物与枯草芽胞杆菌均能提高肉鸡对饲料蛋白的代谢利用率,且具有协同改善肉鸡生长性能的效果。  相似文献   

3.
本试验通过在日粮中添加不同水平植物乳杆菌,研究其对肉鸡生长及蛋白质消化率的影响.选用1日龄健康爱拔益加肉雏鸡180只,随机分成3个处理组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15只鸡.试验期42 d.对照组(CK组)饲喂基础日粮,植物乳杆菌1组(L1组)、植物乳杆菌2组(L2组)以饮水方式分别供给乳酸菌制剂2.5×105、5×105 CFU/g.结果表明,与CK组相比,在28日龄时L2组肉鸡日增重提高了10.09％,料肉比降低了14.87％,差异均显著(P＜0.05).此外,在14日龄时,L1、L2组鸡胃蛋白质消化率分别提高了16.41％和24.41％,两者均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);在28日龄时添加乳杆菌后肠蛋白质消化率有显著提高,与对照组相比,分别提高了19.78％和20.19％.说明肉鸡日粮中添加植物乳杆菌能显著提高其生长性能和饲料中蛋白质消化率.  相似文献   

4.
枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究了枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡的生长性能的影响及经济效益分析。选用90羽7日龄的肉仔鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每个处理设3个重复。对照空白组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组饲喂基础日粮加0.05%的硫酸新霉素制剂,试验组饲喂基础日粮加0.1%的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期35d。结果:试验组肉鸡的末期平均体重、净增重和日增重高于空白对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),但均比抗生素组低,差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组鸡的平均采食量均略高于两对照组(P>0.05),试验组的饲料转化率较空白对照组提高3.14%,比抗生素组低1.59%(P>0.05)。经济效益分析,试验组比空白对照组减少净增重耗料成本0.148元/kg,相对经济效益提高了3.48%;比抗生素组减少净增重耗料成本0.083元/kg,相对经济效益提高了1.98%。结果表明在较高的营养水平条件下添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长具有一定的促进作用,取得较好的饲料转化效率和经济效益。可以在肉鸡饲养整个期间替代抗生素添加剂。  相似文献   

5.
选择240只1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡分为4个处理组:处理组1和2肉鸡日粮使用抗生素金霉素,处理组3和4替代抗生素添加枯草芽孢杆菌;处理组1和3肉鸡地面平养,处理组2和4采用笼养,试验周期42 d.结果表明:试验全期,肉鸡末体质量和饲料/增质量等指标,处理组4显著优于处理组1,处理组2和3无差异.试验全期枯草芽孢杆菌显著影响肉鸡对饲料粗蛋白的表观代谢率,处理组4肉鸡对饲料蛋白的利用率显著大于其他3个处理组.表明:无论是地面平养还是笼养方式,枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对改善肉鸡生长性能有良好效果,其作用机制主要是提高饲料蛋白的营养利用率.  相似文献   

6.
枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对艾维因肉鸡生长性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选择1日龄艾维因商品肉雏鸡360只（公母各半）,随机分成对照组与试验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复40只。试验组分别在对照组日粮基础上加入0.03%、0.05%枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。分别测定不同生长时期肉鸡的增重、料肉比、死淘率,以研究枯草芽孢杆菌在肉鸡生产中的应用效果。研究结果表明：通过49日饲养,在肉鸡日粮中添加0.03%芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长速率、日增重有改善趋势,且料肉比较低。日粮中添加芽孢杆菌可一程度提高肉鸡生及降低肉鸡死亡率,但具体结果有待进一步分析。  相似文献   

7.
枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究了枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡的生长性能和经济效益的影响。选用90羽7日龄的肉仔鸡,随机分成三个处理组,每个处理设三个重复。对照空白组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组饲喂基础日粮加0.05%的硫酸新霉素制剂,试验组饲喂基础日粮加0.1%的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期35d。结果:试验组肉鸡的末期平均体重、净增重和日增重均高于空白对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),但均比抗生素组低,差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组鸡的平均采食量均略高于两对照组(P>0.05),试验组的饲料转化率较空白对照组提高3.14%,比抗生素组低1.59%(P>0.05)。经济效益分析,试验组比空白对照组减少净增重耗料成本0.148元/kg,相对经济效益提高了3.48%;比抗生素组减少净增重耗料成本0.083元/kg,相对经济效益提高了1.98%。结果表明在较高的营养水平条件下添加制剂对肉鸡生长具有一定的促进作用,取得较好的饲料转化效率和经济效益,可以在肉鸡饲养整个期间替代抗生素添加剂。  相似文献   

8.
 将240只1日龄罗斯308（ROSS 308）肉仔鸡，按照饲养方式（地面平养和笼养）以及添加枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素与否（替代和不替代）分为4个处理组（1组：抗生素地面平养组；2组：抗生素笼养组；3组：枯草芽孢杆菌地面平养组；4组：枯草芽孢杆菌笼养组），进行42 d的饲养试验。结果显示：试验全期，肉鸡末体重和饲料/增重比指标，4组显著优于（P<0.05）1组，2组和3组之间无差异（P>0.05）。21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清生化指标分析显示：4组肉鸡血清白蛋白浓度显著大于1组；且血清尿酸浓度4组小于1组；而2组和3组之间所有血清测定指标均无差异。以上结果证明，无论是地面平养还是笼养方式，枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对改善肉鸡生长性能均有良好效果，其作用机理主要是提高饲料蛋白的营养利用率.  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响。选取1日龄(AA)白羽肉鸡(公母混雏)144只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(无任何添加物),枯草芽孢杆菌组在基础饲粮中添加1.5×1010 cfu/kg枯草芽孢杆菌,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加300mg/kg20%金霉素和300mg/kg20%盐霉素。试验期42d。结果表明：与对照组相比,肉鸡饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌能够降低1～21日龄的平均日采食量(P<0.05),降低21日龄肉鸡体重、平均日增重(P<0.01),提高耗料增重比(P<0.05)与IgA含量(P<0.01)。在22～42日龄中,与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌组的平均日采食量、平均日增重与耗料增重比无显著变化,胸腺指数、腿肌率(P<0.05)及IgA、IgG含量(P<0.01)均有提高。而与抗生素组相比,肉鸡饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌能够降低21日龄平均日采食量(P<0.05)和平均日增重(P<0.01),降低42日龄IgG含量(P<0.01),其他指标均未...  相似文献   

10.
在青海冬季采用火墙火炉供热,选用三种不同蛋白质含量的饲料（23％,19％,21％）,分别饲喂三组艾维茵商品代肉鸡,测定其肉鸡的生产性能（体重、日采食量、日增重以及料重比）。试验结果表明：第2组与其他两组在平均日增重,饲料转化率间差异显著（P〈0．05）,而第1组和第3组的平均日增重,饲料转化率间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,以第3组的平均日增重最高,但三组之间的日耗料差异不显著（P〉0．05）,说明蛋白水平19％的饲粮最适合于肉仔鸡增重,经济效益最佳,平均每只增收2．66元。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

13.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.  相似文献   

17.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

18.
The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.  相似文献   

19.
Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.  相似文献   

20.
不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。  相似文献   

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