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1.
通过比较分析大黄、虎杖、丹参、地榆、甘草和银杏叶对奶牛乳腺炎病原菌体外抗菌活性的强弱,为其在抗感染疾病中的临床运用及抗菌中药的筛选提供科学依据。用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定大黄、虎杖、丹参、地榆、甘草和银杏叶对15个种属33种120株奶牛乳腺炎病原菌的最低抑菌浓度,结合SPSS 17.0软件中单因素方差分析法以及同种属菌株MIC50和MIC90的统计分析,比较6味中药体外抑菌活性的强弱。结果:大黄、虎杖、丹参、地榆、甘草和银杏叶6味药物对革兰阳性菌的抗菌活性强于对革兰阴性菌的活性,6味受试药以地榆的抑菌活性最强,对120株奶牛乳腺炎病原菌均有较强的体外抗菌活性,MIC为0.39～6.25 mg/mL。而大黄、虎杖、丹参、甘草和银杏叶的抑菌活性强弱因菌株种属差异而明显不同,对于阳性菌,总体以甘草的抑菌活性最强,其次为丹参、大黄和虎杖,最差为银杏叶;对于阴性菌,相对抑菌活性最好的是丹参,其次为大黄和虎杖,再次为银杏叶,抑菌活性最差的是甘草。研究表明地榆和丹参体外具有较强的广谱抗菌活性。 相似文献
2.
《中兽医医药杂志》2019,(1)
为了评价白头翁散对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,采用试管二倍稀释法测定白头翁散组方中白头翁、秦皮、黄柏、黄连4味中药水提物及其组成的药对对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并筛选出抗菌作用较强的药对精简组方。单药中黄连抑菌效果(MIC为50 mg/mL)和杀菌效果(MBC为50 mg/mL)最强,黄连与秦皮联合组成药对对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果(MIC为12.5 mg/mL)最强,将4味药物联合组成的方剂抑菌效果最佳(MIC为6.25 mg/mL、MBC为100 mg/mL)。由此表明,白头翁散组方中两种药物联合比单药的抑菌效果好,4种药物组成的方剂比2种药物组成的药对抑菌效果好。 相似文献
3.
中草药对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外抑菌效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择常用6味中草药煎剂及中药复方制剂,采用试管二倍稀释法,对所分离的3种致病菌进行抑菌试验,并测定了最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）. 体外抑菌试验结果表明：鱼腥草对大肠杆菌有较强的抑菌活性,MIC为62.5 g/L.野菊花、连翘、金银花对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌活性,MIC分别为15.7、31.3和31.3 g/L.金银花、连翘对无乳链球菌有较强的抑菌活性,MIC为15.7和31.3 g/L.而复方中金银花＋野菊花＋连翘相对其它4个组方对3种致病菌都有较强的抑菌活性. 相似文献
4.
为了评价中药及其复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,取乌梅、五倍子、山茱萸、黄芩等30种中药,通过试管二倍稀释法测定中药水提物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）与最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,并筛选出抗菌作用较强的中药水提物与其他中药水提物组成复方,测定中药复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,五倍子、乌梅、金银花、大青叶、黄芩、薄荷、五味子、青蒿、秦皮对大肠杆菌有明显的抑制作用,其中五倍子对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性最强（MIC为6.25 mg/mL）,而五味子和乌梅对大肠杆菌杀菌活性最强（MBC为50 mg/mL）。选取9种中药水提物作为主药与其他中药水提物分别组成复方后,大部分复方对大肠杆菌的抑制作用明显增强。 相似文献
5.
《中兽医医药杂志》2020,(5)
检测四味穿心莲散及其组分(穿心莲、辣蓼、大青叶和葫芦茶)对沙门菌的体外抑菌效果。试验选用穿心莲、辣蓼、大青叶、葫芦茶等10种中药,采用试管二倍稀释法测定各中药水提物、两药联合及市售四味穿心莲散和自制四味穿心莲散对沙门菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,四味穿心莲散的4种组分中,大青叶对沙门菌的抑菌活性最强,MIC为12.5 mg/mL;4种组分杀菌活性一致,MBC均为400 mg/mL;在两药联合中,4种联合呈现相加作用或协同作用;市售四味穿心莲散MIC和MBC均为200 mg/mL,自制四味穿心莲散MIC为50 mg/mL,MBC为200 mg/mL。分析结果表明,大青叶抑菌效果最好,杀菌效果与其他3种组分一致;自制四味穿心莲散的抑菌效果更具优势,杀菌效果与市售方剂一致。 相似文献
6.
八味中药及其复方对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑制试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在筛选出有效中药来抑制大肠杆菌,通过药敏试验中的打孔法测定了八味中药对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,这八味中药对大肠杆菌均表现出了不同程度的抑杀效果,其中五味子、黄连、黄芩三味药具有较强的抑菌能力,金银花、连翘亦具有抑菌效果,但是相比较前三味中药来说效果相对较差。八味中药中选取体外抑菌效果最好的黄连、黄芩、五味子加上金银花组成不同比例组方,依据体外抑菌试验结果来选择组方的最适比例。结果表明,复方Ⅵ的比例效果最佳,其MIC为15. 625 mg/mL、MBC为31. 25 mg/mL。 相似文献
7.
研究苏木、黄连、石榴皮等20味中药对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。采用水提法制备20味中药的提取物,通过试管二倍稀释法测定20味中药水提取物对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);再将20味中药组成药对,进行联合抑菌,测定药对的MIC和MBC,计算其部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC)。结果表明,20味中药中,黄连、苏木抑菌效果最佳,MIC均为6.250 mg/mL,茯苓、山楂、火麻仁抑菌效果最差,其MIC和MBC均大于400.000 mg/mL。联合抑菌的28组药对中,苏木与石榴皮、石榴皮与黄柏、石榴皮与黄芩、地榆与苏木、地榆与乌梅、地榆与花椒、地榆与黄柏、火麻仁与旋覆花、旋覆花与山楂等9组药对均呈现协同作用,石榴皮与黄连、石榴皮与乌梅均呈现拮抗作用,其他药对呈现相加或无关作用。说明对大肠杆菌抑菌作用强的单味中药与其他中药联合,其抑菌效果未必会增强。 相似文献
8.
采用索氏提取,超声波和水煎煮方法提取夏枯草等14味中药的有效部位,应用二倍试管稀释法分别测定其提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果显示,夏枯草、虎杖、何首乌、连翘、柴胡、穿心莲、地榆7味中药有效部位对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性最强,其MIC为1．953～3lI250g／L,MBC为3．90～31．25g／L;佛手、黄柏2味中药有效部位具有较强的体外抗菌活性,其MIC值为62．5g／L,MBC值为125．0g／L;大青叶、板蓝根、金银花、杜仲、白头翁5味中药有效部位的抗菌活性较差,其MIC值为125．0g／L,MBC值为250．0,≥250．0g／L。不同中药有效部位对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性有所差异,其中夏枯草、虎杖、何首乌、地榆和佛手有效部位对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抗菌活性。 相似文献
9.
本试验提取32味中草药水煎液,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定对标准大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌活性．筛选出对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好体外抑菌活性的中草药11味,并对3株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）进行了最低抑菌浓度（MIC）的测定。结果显示：有24味中草药水煎液具有体外抑菌活性．且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效力大于大肠杆菌．以黄连和黄柏对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最好：3株MRSA对筛选的11味中草药中的10味均产生了不同程度的耐药,MIC增加2—4倍,仅香薷对MRSA的MIC减少2—4倍。 相似文献
10.
《中兽医医药杂志》2020,(3)
探讨中药水提取物及其联合对巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌效果。选用黄连、香附、丁香等30味中药,采用水提法提取药液,用试管二倍稀释法测得单药最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并将抑菌效果较好的几味中药作为主药与其他中药进行联合,测定联合后的MIC与MBC。结果表明,单味中药中黄连对巴氏杆菌的抗菌活性最佳,MIC和MBC均为12.5 mg/mL。选取抑菌效果较好的黄连、丁香、香附、蒸陈皮等中药与其他中药联合,结果表明黄连与四制艾叶联合后对巴氏杆菌的抑制效果最好,其MIC和MBC均为3.125 mg/mL。说明黄连与四制艾叶联合的抑菌效果较好,且为协同作用,优于两种单药各自的抑菌活性,可作为抑制巴氏杆菌的药物进行进一步的研究。 相似文献
11.
从广东、福建不同地区临床疑似鸭疫里氏杆茵感染病死鸭中分离到12株鸭疫里氏杆菌,通过细菌形态、培养特怔、生化试验,鉴定为鸭疫里氏杆菌。采用微量液体二倍稀释法,测定了14种常用抗菌药物对12株鸭疫里氏杆菌的抗菌活性,结果表明,有2个菌株均对14种药物高度敏感,其MIC值均≤1μg/mL,其它菌株MIC值差异较大,所有抗菌药对Y4菌株的最小抑菌浓度较高,其MIC值均≥32μg/mL。 相似文献
12.
奶牛乳腺炎病原菌的中草药体外抑制试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用10味中草药和2种中药复方制剂对奶牛乳腺炎6种主要病原菌进行体外抑菌实验．并对不同提取方法的抑菌效果进行比较。结果显示受试中草药及复方对6种病原菌有较强的体外抑菌作用：研究确认了病原菌对各中草药及复方的敏感度；测定了最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小抑菌浓度（MBC）；结果表明黄芩、金银花、瓜蒌以及复方1、复方2的醇提物抑菌效果显著优于相应的水提物。 相似文献
13.
安普霉素及其联合用药对金黄色葡萄球菌体外PAE的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验采用稀释法去除抗生素。用菌落计数测定细菌生长曲线的方法,分别测定了安普霉素及其与阿莫西林或氨苄西林联用对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗生素后效应（PAE）.当药物以2×MIC、4×MIC和8xMIC浓度作用于金黄色葡萄球菌时,安普霉素的体外PAE分别为1．78h、2．49h、3．63h;安普霉素与阿莫西林联用的体外PAE分别为4．13h、6．91h、9．82h;安普霉素与氨苄西林联用的体外PAE分别为3．81h、5．67h、8．45h。结果表明。安普霉素在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌有较长的PAE。且随药物浓度的升高其PAE也相应地延长．呈明显的剂量依赖性;安普霉素与阿莫西林、氨苄西林联用对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外PAE呈现相加或协同作用。 相似文献
14.
In vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9 
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下载免费PDF全文 The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinomyces pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar activity and were more active than norfloxacin. All isolates had an MIC of 1.0 microgram/mL or less for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and these drugs had particularly marked activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested. 相似文献
15.
Cefquinome is known for its use as an antibacterial drug in cattle and pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of cefquinome against equine pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefquinome was determined for a total of 205 strains, which had recently been isolated in Europe from diseased horses (respiratory infection, foal septicaemia). The bactericidal activity was tested against 19 strains using the time killing method. The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA SME) were determined against 12 strains. Cefquinome showed high activity against Actinobacillus equuli and streptococci (MIC(90) of 0.016 and 0.032microg/mL), Enterobacteriaceae (MIC(90)=0.125microg/mL) and staphylococci (MIC(90)=0.5microg/mL). The activity was limited against Rhodococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Cefquinome was shown to be a time dependent bactericidal antibiotic against the target pathogens, killing occurring at a concentration close to the MIC. A PAE of 0.5-10h was calculated against streptococci whereas no PAE was observed for Escherichia coli. A longer PA SME was determined for streptococci (3.3 to >24h with a killing effect) and E. coli (0.5-13.9h). Cefquinome was shown to have a broad spectrum of activity which covers many equine pathogens. 相似文献
16.
The objective of this study was to establish a repeatable, standardized laboratory procedure for monitoring the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from animals and food of animal origin in South Africa, with reagents prepared in-house. The emergence of resistance and the spread of resistant bacteria can be limited by implementing a veterinary antimicrobial drug policy, in which inter alia systematic monitoring and prudent use play essential roles. The bacteria included in this study represented three different categories, namely zoonotic bacteria (Salmonella), indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium) and veterinary pathogens (Mannheimia haemolytica). Thirty isolates of each species were collected with the aim of standardizing the laboratory methodology for a future national veterinary surveillance and monitoring programme. Susceptibility to ten selected antimicrobial drugs was determined by means of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using the microdilution method. The method according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards was used as the standard. Multi-well plates containing varying dilutions of antimicrobial drugs and prepared in-house for MIC determinations, yielded repeatable results. Storage of plates for 2 months at -70 degrees C did not influence results meaningfully. Within this limited sample of bacteria, MIC results did not indicate meaningful resistance against any of the ten selected antimicrobial drugs. The findings of the study will be used to establish a national veterinary antimicrobial resistance surveillance and monitoring programme in South Africa. To allow for international comparison of data, harmonisation of the surveillance and monitoring programme in accordance with global trends is encouraged. Ideally it should be combined with a programme monitoring the quantities of antimicrobial drugs used. The aim is to contribute to slowing down the emergence of resistance and the problems associated with this phenomenon by means of the rational use of antimicrobial drugs. 相似文献
17.
氟苯尼考对鳗鲡常见致病菌体外抗菌后效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定氟苯尼考对鳗鲡养殖中常见主要致病菌（肠杆菌B01、克雷伯氏菌B12、豚鼠气单胞菌B15和嗜水气单胞菌B20）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,用菌落计数法分别测定氟苯尼考在0.5、1、2、4倍于各菌MIC时对鳗鲡致病菌株B01、B12、B15、B20体外抗菌后效应（PAE）。结果氟苯尼考在0.5、1、2、4倍MIC值时对鳗鲡致病菌株B01、B12、B15、B20均具有一定的PAE,且PAE与药物浓度在一定范围内（0.5-4倍MIC）呈剂量依赖关系,当药物浓度达4倍MIC时,PAE明显延长,分别为2.5±0.165、3.0±0.038、5.0±0.090和5.0±0.232h;氟苯尼考对B01、B12、B15、B20的PAE值在2倍MIC时差异较显著,在4倍MIC时对致病菌株B15和B20的PAE几乎无差异。相同浓度氟苯尼考对致病菌株B01和B12的PAE值明显低于B15和B20。结果提示在养殖鳗鲡病害防治中设计投药方案时,对常见致病菌B01、B12、B15和B20感染所造成的细菌性败血症、烂鳃、肝胆肿大等疾病,除了考虑药代动力学和MIC指标外,还需考虑PAE因素,可适当延长给药间隔时间,降低药物对鳗鲡的副作用及对其摄食量和生长的负面影响。 相似文献
18.
Schlegelová J Babák V Klímová E Lukásová J Navrátilová P Sustácková A Sedivá I Rysánek D 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(5):216-225
The prevalence of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative (CN) staphylococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Bacillus cereus, was investigated in 111 bulk milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 38 samples, CN staphylococci from 63 samples, E. coli from 49 samples, E. faecalis or E. faecium from 107 samples, and L. monocytogenes from two samples. Bacillus cereus was not found in any of the samples and three samples were free of any of the selected species. Sensitivity to the anti-microbial drugs amikacin, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin (CLT), cephotaxime, clindamycin, chloramphenicol (CMP), co-trimoxazole, erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TTC) and vancomycin was tested using the standard dilution technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) characteristics (MIC50, MIC90, MIC range) were determined for each microbial species. Resistance against one or more anti-microbial drugs was found in 93% of S. aureus, 40% of CN staphylococci, 73% of E. coli, 88% of E.faecalis, 55% of E.faecium, and one L. monocytogenes strain. Most of the strains, particularly enterococci, were resistant to STR, TTC, and ERY (MIC50 4 microg/ml). A high percentage of staphylococci were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. High resistance to CLT was found in 11 strains of E. coli (MIC 256 microg/ml) and strains resistant to CMP (MIC90 16 microg/ml) were detected. The highest numbers of resistance phenotypes were found in E. coil (16) and CN staphylococci (12). Eighteen identical resistance phenotypes were demonstrated in indicator bacteria (E. coli, E. faecalis, E. faecium) and pathogens (S. aureus, CN staphylococci) isolated from the same bulk milk sample. The obtained resistance data were matched against the herd owners' information on therapeutic use of the drugs. This confrontation could not explain the findings of strains resistant to ERY or CMP. Our findings are evidence of selection of resistant strains among not only pathogenic agents, but also among indicator bacteria which can become significant carriers of transmissible resistance genes. 相似文献
19.
头孢喹诺对临床分离菌株抗菌活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在评价头孢喹诺对上海市养殖场临床分离菌株的体外抗菌作用,为头孢喹诺的临床使用提供参考依据。从上海市养殖场分离并鉴定大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌各若干株,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定头孢喹诺对各菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,推算MIC50和MIC90,并绘制头孢喹诺对这4种细菌的杀菌动力学曲线。头孢喹诺对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的MIC50分别为0.063、0.063、0.032、0.125 μg/mL,MIC90分别为0.125、0.125、0.125、0.25 μg/mL;在很小的浓度变化范围内头孢喹诺能够快速抑菌,在抑菌浓度为1倍或2倍MIC时,24 h内能杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或链球菌、沙门氏菌。头孢喹诺对上述几种临床分离细菌具有很强的抑菌效果和杀菌活性。 相似文献
20.
调查北京地区7个奶牛场奶牛流产的发病原因,采集流产胎儿及恶露不尽母牛的阴道分泌物进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性及中西药的药敏试验,并测定中药的MIC和MBC。共分离出9种42株细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌11株、腐生葡萄球菌6株、表皮葡萄球菌2株、变形菌属5株、克雷伯氏菌属3株、埃希氏菌属2株、蜡样菌属3株、黏液奈瑟氏菌属4株、浅黄奈瑟氏菌属2株、其他未鉴定出种属的菌4株;其中,葡萄球菌占45.2%、杆菌占23.8%、其他革兰氏阴性菌占31.0%。通过致病性试验,有28株为致病菌。对其中几种分离菌进行了25种常用抗生素、7种中药及一个复方的体外抑菌试验,结果表明,这些菌对多数抗生素有耐药性,如青霉素和链霉素,大多数革兰氏阴性菌对喹诺酮类药物比较敏感,头孢菌素类药物则对革兰氏阳性菌有较好的抑制效果,中药金银花和瓜蒌对这些菌的体外抑菌作用较好。 相似文献