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头孢喹诺对几种常见动物病原菌的体外抗菌作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用微量肉汤稀释法测定国产头孢喹诺对5种常见动物病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并与头孢噻呋、氨苄西林及环丙沙星进行比较。结果显示头孢喹诺对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为1~2μg/mL,抗菌活性强于其他3种药物;对大肠杆菌的MIC≤0.031~0.25μg/mL,抗菌活性与环丙沙星相近,高于头孢噻呋和氨苄西林;对链球菌的MIC≤0.031~1μg/mL,抗菌活性与头孢噻呋和氨苄西林相近,高于环丙沙星;对多杀性巴氏杆菌以及胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的MIC分别≤0.031~0.5μg/mL和≤0.031μg/mL,抗菌活性与头孢噻呋和环丙沙星相近,强于氨苄西林。结果表明头孢喹诺对革兰氏阳性和阴性菌均具有强大的体外抗菌作用。 相似文献
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采用微量稀释法分别测定黄芩苷对链球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。结果显示,黄芩苷对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为16μg/m L,对链球菌的MIC为64μg/m L,对沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌无明显抑菌性。说明黄芩苷对猪大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,对链球菌的抑菌性较差,对沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌无明显抑菌性。 相似文献
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【目的】 研制牛至油博落回口服液, 并测定其体外抑菌活性及其主要成分的联合抑菌效果, 为临床用药提供理论依据。【方法】 通过预试验和Box-Behnken响应面法优化处方; 采用高效液相色谱法测定口服液主要成分含量; 采用滤纸片法测定口服液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪链球菌的抑菌圈直径; 采用试管二倍稀释法测定口服液、5%牛至油溶液及1%博落回溶液对4种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC); 采用微量棋盘稀释法对5%牛至油溶液与1%博落回溶液进行体外联合药敏试验。【结果】 牛至油博落回口服液最优配方为: 5%牛至油, 1%博落回提取物, 25%增溶剂聚氧乙烯(40)氢化蓖麻油, 0.02%抗氧化剂2, 6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT), 余量为水。口服液中香芹酚的含量为42.59 mg/mL, 血根碱含量为6.51 mg/mL。口服液对4种菌的抑菌圈直径分别为16.9、16.4、23.7和17.0 mm, MIC分别为3.125、3.125、1.5625和1.5625 μL/mL, MBC分别为12.5、6.25、3.125和3.125 μL/mL; 5%牛至油溶液对4种菌的MIC分别为25、12.5、6.25和100 μL/mL, MBC分别为100、50、25和>200 μL/mL; 1%博落回溶液对4种菌的MIC分别为6.25、12.5、3.125和6.25 μL/mL, MBC分别为50、25、6.25和25 μL/mL。联合药敏试验表明, 二者联合用药对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌起相加作用, 对金黄色葡萄球菌无作用, 对粪链球菌为协同作用。【结论】 试验制备了牛至油博落回口服溶液剂, 该制剂对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪链球菌具有良好抑制作用。 相似文献
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对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行正己酸的抗性试验,以研究正己酸对病原菌的抑制作用。试验采用等浓度梯度稀释、光密度值测定、平板涂布方法、牛津杯法,分别测定大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)以及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),绘制1/2MIC以及MIC处理过的大肠杆菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌的生长曲线,抑菌圈直径,结合扫描电镜图片分析最小杀菌浓度处理后的细胞形态结构的变化。结果表明:正己酸对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为700μg/mL、对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为1 000μg/mL;对大肠杆菌的最小杀菌浓度为1 000μg/mL、对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小杀菌浓度为1 300μg/mL;当正己酸浓度为1 600μg/mL时,电镜下,大肠杆菌数量较少,金黄色葡萄球菌数量少且呈现出细胞破裂萎缩现象。综上,正己酸对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌有抑制作用,破坏了金黄葡萄球菌的细胞膜结构。 相似文献
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为了优化毛果算盘子粗提物提取条件，研究其体外抑菌效果，试验采用水提法提取毛果算盘子粗提物，并利用正交试验优化提取条件，以纸片法和微量肉汤释法对抑菌活性进行测定。结果表明：毛果算盘子粗提物最佳提取条件为料液比1∶30,100℃提取0.5 h、提取2次；其对金黄色葡萄球菌、耐头孢喹肟金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别为(25.00±0.82)mm、(30.70±0.94)mm、(14.00±0.47)mm、(11.70±0.82)mm;最小抑菌浓度分别为1.56 mg/mL、1.56 mg/mL、3.125 mg/mL、3.125 mg/mL;最小杀菌浓度分别为1.56 mg/mL、3.125 mg/mL、3.125 mg/mL、6.25 mg/mL。说明毛果算盘子粗提物对四种试验菌株的抑制作用不同，对耐头孢喹肟金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强，对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑制作用最弱。 相似文献
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为优化贵州地区优质牧草黔中金荞麦活性物质的提取工艺，并探究提取物抑菌活性，试验通过回流法、超声法、水煮法及鲜样榨汁法对黔中金荞麦地上部分和地下部分进行提取，通过打孔法检测各提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的体外抑菌效果，确定提取方法；利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测提取物中的有效物质含量，对溶液浓度、料液比、提取温度进行优化，设置正交试验确定最优提取工艺。以微量肉汤二倍稀释法检测在最佳提取条件下提取的黔中金荞麦提取物对3种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明：黔中金荞麦地下部分的70%乙醇超声提取物对3种细菌均有抑制作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果最好，抑菌圈直径为24.2 mm。最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度50%,提取温度60℃,料液比1∶40。提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的MIC介于31.25～62.5 mg/mL之间，MBC介于为62.5～500 mg/mL之间；对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果较好，MIC和MBC分别为31.25 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL。说明黔中金荞麦地下部分醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均具有抑制作用... 相似文献
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Cefquinome is known for its use as an antibacterial drug in cattle and pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of cefquinome against equine pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefquinome was determined for a total of 205 strains, which had recently been isolated in Europe from diseased horses (respiratory infection, foal septicaemia). The bactericidal activity was tested against 19 strains using the time killing method. The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA SME) were determined against 12 strains. Cefquinome showed high activity against Actinobacillus equuli and streptococci (MIC(90) of 0.016 and 0.032microg/mL), Enterobacteriaceae (MIC(90)=0.125microg/mL) and staphylococci (MIC(90)=0.5microg/mL). The activity was limited against Rhodococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Cefquinome was shown to be a time dependent bactericidal antibiotic against the target pathogens, killing occurring at a concentration close to the MIC. A PAE of 0.5-10h was calculated against streptococci whereas no PAE was observed for Escherichia coli. A longer PA SME was determined for streptococci (3.3 to >24h with a killing effect) and E. coli (0.5-13.9h). Cefquinome was shown to have a broad spectrum of activity which covers many equine pathogens. 相似文献
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动物专用头孢喹诺的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
头孢喹诺是动物专用的第4代头孢菌素类抗生素,具有广泛的抗菌和强大的杀菌作用。其抗菌活性极强,对临床分离的各种革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的MIC50、MIC90值均较小;其药动学特点优良,吸收快,达峰时间短,生物利用度较高,药时曲线下面积较大,表现分布容积也很大;头孢喹诺毒性低,在动物的可食用组织中残留较少,安全性较高。国外已将该药应用于猪、牛的呼吸系统感染及牛乳房炎的治疗。为指导头孢喹诺在我国兽医临床上的合理应用,现对其抗菌活性、药动学、残留及毒性、临床应用等最新资料进行综述。 相似文献
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19味解表药对奶牛乳腺炎病原菌体外抗菌活性的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定19味解表药对15个种属33种120株奶牛乳腺炎病原菌的最低抑菌浓度,结合SPSS17.0软件中单因素方差分析法以及同种属菌株MIC50和MIC90的统计,比较分析6味具有较强抗菌活性的解表药体外抑菌活性的强弱。结果表明,苍耳子和蝉蜕体外对试验菌株无抑菌活性;桂枝、紫苏叶、荆芥、白芷、细辛、辛夷、藁本、牛蒡子、桑叶、葛根、北柴胡共11味解表药的总体抑菌活性较差;而香薷、麻黄、防风、薄荷、菊花、升麻6味药的抑菌活性相对较强,其中以香薷的抑菌活性最强。麻黄、防风、薄荷、菊花和升麻5味药抑菌活性的强弱与菌株种属有关：对于革兰氏阳性菌,抑菌活性最强的为防风,其次为菊花,相对最差的为升麻、麻黄和薄荷;对于革兰氏阴性菌,5味药的总体抑菌活性都较差,相对以麻黄的抑菌活性强,其次为薄荷,再次为菊花和升麻,最差为防风。 相似文献
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研究天然化合物肉桂醛对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌——大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的抑菌效果。采用试管二倍稀释法测得肉桂醛对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌和标准金黄色葡萄球菌的体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为3.2 mmol/L和1.6 mmol/L;链球菌1.6 mmol/L;大肠杆菌和标准大肠杆菌6.4 mmol/L和3.2 mmol/L,且能完全抑制这三种菌的生长。肉桂醛的最小杀菌浓度(MBC)金黄色葡萄球菌和标准金黄色葡萄球菌分别为25.6 mmol/L和12.8 mmol/L;链球菌12.8 mmol/L;大肠杆菌和标准大肠杆菌25.6 mmol/L和12.8 mmol/L;在7 h内能有效杀灭这三种菌,肉桂醛对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌有抑菌和杀菌能力,是一种潜在的奶牛乳房炎的临床治疗药物。 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨黄柏、诃子、知母、苏木等常用中草药对水产动物致病菌的体外抑菌效果,为今后水产养殖细菌性疾病的防控提供参考。以美人鱼发光杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、哈维氏弧菌、创伤弧菌临床分离株为试验菌株,以抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）及联合抑菌指数（FICI）作为检测指标,研究常用中草药对水产病原菌的抑菌活性。采用水提法提取中草药有效成分,并通过琼脂平板打孔法测定中草药对水产致病菌抑菌圈,微量肉汤稀释法测定中草药MIC和MBC及微量肉汤棋盘稀释法测定联合抑菌指数（FICI）。结果显示,16种中草药对水产致病菌具有不同程度的抑菌作用。药敏试验结果显示,苏木、女贞子、夏枯草、青皮对4种水产致病菌均具有抑菌效果,抑菌圈直径在10.5~29.0 mm之间,而4种病原菌对马齿苋均表现为耐药;MIC检测结果显示,苏木、女贞子、夏枯草、青皮对4种病原菌的MIC值为7.81~250.00 mg/mL;MBC检测结果显示,苏木、女贞子、夏枯草、青皮对4种病原菌的MBC值为7.81~500.00 mg/mL;联合抑菌试验结果显示,苏木与夏枯草、女贞子及青皮联用仅对美人鱼发光杆菌起到协同抑菌作用,对嗜水气单胞菌、创伤弧菌及哈维氏弧菌均无抑菌作用,女贞子和青皮组合仅对哈维氏弧菌抑菌作用为相加作用,该组合在抑菌效果上对其他病原菌表现为无关或颉颃作用,其他药物组合在抑菌效果上对4种病原菌则表现为无关或颉颃作用;联合抑菌圈测定结果表明,中草药联合使用对4种病原菌抑菌作用不一。本试验结果表明常用中草药对水产动物致病菌具有一定程度的抑菌作用。 相似文献
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The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICS) and minimum mycoplasmacidal concentrations (MMCs) of danofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin and tilmicosin against 62 recent British field isolates of Mycoplasma bovis were determined in vitro by a broth microdilution method. The isolates were most susceptible todanofloxacin with MIC90 and MMC90 values of 0.5 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively. They were less susceptible to florfenicol with a MIC90 of 16 microg/ml and MMC90 of 32 microg/ml. Oxytetracycline and spectinomycin had only a limited effect against the majority of isolates tested with MIC50s of 32 microg/ml and 4 microg/ml, respectively and MIC90s of 64 microg/ml and more than 128 microg/ml, respectively. Nearly 20 per cent of the isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, and tilmicosin was ineffective, with 92 per cent of the isolates having MIC values of 128 microg/ml or greater. There was no evidence of resistance by M bovis to danofloxacin. 相似文献
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Chockalingam A Zarlenga DS Bannerman DD 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(11):1151-1159
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate antimicrobial activity of bovine bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (bBPI)-derived synthetic peptides against mastitis-causing gram-negative bacteria. SAMPLE POPULATION: Bacterial isolates from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis. PROCEDURES: 3 peptides were synthesized with sequences corresponding to amino acids 65 to 99 (bBPI(6,599)) or 142 to 169 (bBPI(142,169)) or the combination of amino acids 90 to 99 and 148 to 161 (bBPI(9,099, 148,161)) of bBPI. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these peptides against bacterial isolates from cows with mastitis were determined by use of a standardized broth microdilution assay. The ability of these peptides to retain their antimicrobial activity in serum and milk was also evaluated. Finally, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing activity of these peptides was assayed with the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. RESULTS: Of the 3 peptides tested, bBPI(9,099, 148,161) had the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 16 to 64 Mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp and from 64 to 128 Mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the peptides had any growth-inhibitory effect on Serratia marcescens. The antimicrobial activity of bBPI(9,099, 148,161) was inhibited in milk, but preserved in serum. Finally, bBPI(142,169) and bBPI(9,099, 148,161) completely neutralized LPS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: bBPI(9,099, 148,161) is a potent neutralizer of the highly proinflammatory molecule bacterial LPS and has antimicrobial activity against a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The ability of bBPI(9099,148161) to retain antimicrobial activity in serum suggests a potential therapeutic application for this peptide in the management of gram-negative septicemia. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal properties of silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and natamycin against filamentous fungi isolated from eyes of horses with keratomycosis. SAMPLE POPULATION: Filamentous fungal isolates obtained from eyes of keratomycosis-affected horses. PROCEDURES: Fungal culture of ocular samples yielded 6 Fusarium spp; 7 Aspergillus spp; and 1 isolate each of Curvularia, Scopulariopsis, Penicillium, and Chrysosporium. For each fungal isolate, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of SSD and natamycin were determined. RESULTS: For all 17 fungal isolates, SSD MIC distribution ranged from < or = 1 to > 64 microg/mL; MIC50 and MIC90 (MICs at which 50% and 90% of organisms were inhibited) were 4 and 32 microg/mL, respectively. The SSD MFC distribution for all isolates was < or = 1 to > 64 microg/mL; MFC50 and MFC90 (MFCs at which 50% and 90% of organisms were killed) were 8 and > 64 microg/mL, respectively. For all fungal isolates, natamycin MIC distribution ranged from 256 to > 1,000 microg/mL; MIC50 and MIC90 were 512 and > 1,000 microg/mL, respectively. The natamycin MFC distribution for all isolates ranged from 512 to > 1,000 microg/mL; MFC(50) and MFC(90) were each > 1,000 microg/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These in vitro data suggest that SSD is fungicidal against the fungal isolates that were obtained from eyes of horses with keratomycosis and that natamycin is fungicidal against some of the isolates at the drug concentrations evaluated. Silver sulfadiazine may be a therapeutic option for equine keratomycosis. 相似文献
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S. SOBACK A. BOR R. PAZ G. ZIV 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1986,9(4):385-393
The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of mecillinam, a novel beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with unusual activity against Gram-negative bacteria, were compared with the MIC of cephazolin, cephalothin, amoxycillin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin and sulfadoxin/trimethoprim (TMP) against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria recovered from neonatal calves. The MIC values of mecillinam ranged between 0.05 microgram/ml and 12.5 micrograms/ml, and the MIC90 values were 1.56 micrograms/ml and 3.12 micrograms/ml. The activity of mecillinam against salmonella, Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida was similar to or slightly greater than the activities of the first-generation cephalosporins, gentamicin and sulfa/TMP. Mecillinam concentrations less than or equal to 3.12 micrograms/ml inhibited the growth of the majority of isolates which were resistant (MIC90 greater than 100 micrograms/ml) to the other antibiotics studied. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of mecillinam were two- to three-fold higher than the MIC values. The two-compartment open model was appropriate for the analysis of serum mecillinam concentrations measured after intravenous administration. The distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) was 11.7 min, the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 53.3 min, and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd (area)) and the distribution volume at steady state (Vd (ss)) were 0.568 and 0.896 l/kg, respectively. The drug was quickly absorbed after intramuscular (i.m.) injection; peak serum drug concentrations were directly related to the dose administered. They were obtained 30 min after treatment and the i.m. t1/2 was approximately 65 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献