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乳腺炎是奶牛生产中常见的疾病之一,对奶牛业中危害严重。由于奶牛乳腺特殊生理结构、免疫机制、病原多样性、特殊性,使得奶牛乳腺炎成为一种复杂的多因素疾病,从安全、经济、高效的角度出发,探索防治乳腺炎新方法,通过采取科学、合理的综合防治措施,从根本上有效控制乳腺炎的 相似文献
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链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌是引起奶牛乳腺炎的3大病原菌，在链球菌属中无乳链球菌是引起奶牛乳腺炎的重要病原菌之一，由无乳链球菌导致的乳腺炎约占隐性乳腺炎发病率的56.25%。无乳链球菌入侵奶牛乳腺的过程主要包括感染、黏附上皮细胞、侵入上皮细胞、损伤机体和免疫逃避等过程。无乳链球菌的毒力因子具有附着和侵袭机体细胞的作用，使菌体在奶牛乳腺表面形成生物被膜，进而干扰机体的正常免疫功能并引起疾病。本文主要阐述了无乳链球菌在入侵乳腺组织过程中发挥主要作用的毒力因子的种类、作用机制以及调控过程，旨在通过抑制其相关毒力因子的活性，从而阻断无乳链球菌在乳腺中感染和传播，进而为预防和治疗链球菌型乳腺炎提供新的思路。 相似文献
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奶牛乳腺炎是奶牛生产中最常见、最多发的疾病之一，乳腺炎造成的经济损失巨大，对食用者的身体健康危害严重。在奶牛乳腺炎患牛中，约有90％的病例是由外源性病原微生物感染引起的，病原主要是经乳头管口侵入乳腺组织发生感染。由于奶牛乳腺炎病因极其复杂，仅致病病原微生物就有150多种，常见病原多达20多种，再加之菌株变异及耐药性等因素，致使很难快速准确地筛选出高效治疗药物，因而给奶牛乳腺炎的预防和治疗带来了很大困难。此外，由于奶牛一旦发生乳腺炎，就会造成乳腺损伤，降低产奶量，因此，挤奶后将乳头管口封闭，防止病原微生物的侵入，是预防奶牛乳腺炎的良好途径。为此，笔者研制了奶牛乳头液体保护膜，并测定了其预防奶牛乳腺炎的效果。 相似文献
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围产期奶牛由于生理变化、高强度代谢及饲粮营养成分的改变，极易造成氧化应激。氧化应激不仅会严重损伤奶牛乳腺、降低奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能，还会严重影响奶牛场和养殖户的经济效益。因此，调控氧化应激降低围产期奶牛乳腺炎发病是实现奶牛健康绿色养殖的关键步骤。茶多酚作为天然抗氧化剂不仅能够提高围产期奶牛的抗氧化性能，减轻围产期奶牛由于氧化应激而导致的乳腺炎症，还能够有效丧失致病菌活性，使围产期奶牛乳腺炎的发病率有所降低。文章综述了围产期奶牛乳腺炎的致病机制与茶多酚对围产期奶牛乳腺炎的调节作用及机制，旨在为后续研究茶多酚预防围产期奶牛乳腺炎提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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奶牛乳腺炎的防治与研究动态 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
奶牛乳腺炎是由病原体侵染奶牛的乳腺而引起的一种疾病，病原复杂多变，但临床感染主要以葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、支原体、放线菌等多见。奶牛乳腺炎是影响奶牛业发展的头号疾病，引起了众多国家科研工作者与政府的高度重视。本文就奶牛乳腺炎的发病机制、病原学、诊断方法、治疗手段及其综合防治等方面做一阐述。 相似文献
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乳腺炎通常是由微生物感染引起的乳腺炎症反应,是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,可导致牛奶产量及品质下降,奶牛利用年限减少,严重地影响着牧场的经济效益。近年来,学者们在奶牛乳腺炎分子调节机制方面开展了大量研究,发现NF-κB及其信号通路可参与调控多个免疫相关基因的表达,在细胞炎症反应和免疫应答等过程起关键性作用,也是奶牛乳腺炎研究的热点。本文阐述了奶牛乳腺炎的病因和病理变化,以及NF-κB信号通路与机体免疫的关系,并重点综述了mRNA、非编码RNA（miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA）及生物活性物质通过NF-κB信号通路调控奶牛乳腺炎的最新研究进展,为奶牛乳腺炎的分子调控网络解析、抗乳腺炎分子育种与生物活性药物研发提供参考。 相似文献
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J W Tyler R C Wilson P Dowling 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1992,8(1):17-28
Topics addressed in this article include applied pharmacology of the bovine mammary gland, principles of antibiotic sensitivity testing, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, causes of treatment failures, diagnostic considerations, and therapy of specific subclinical mastitis syndromes. Recent research concerning systemic therapy of subclinical mastitis is highlighted and critically reviewed. Limitations of antibiotic sensitivity testing are discussed. The lack of proven, efficacious therapy for many subclinical mastitis syndromes is emphasized. 相似文献
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This review deals with the role of viruses in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus have been isolated from milk from cows with clinical mastitis. Intramammary inoculations of bovine herpesvirus 1 or parainfluenza 3 virus-induced clinical mastitis, while an intramammary inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus resulted in necrosis of the mammary gland. Subclinical mastitis has been induced after a simultaneous intramammary and intranasal inoculation of lactating cows with bovine herpesvirus 4. Bovine leukaemia virus has been detected in mammary tissue of cows with subclinical mastitis, but whether this virus was able to induce bovine mastitis has not been reported. Bovine herpesvirus 2, vaccinia, cowpox, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis, foot-and-mouth disease viruses, and bovine papillomaviruses can play an indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. These viruses can induce teat lesions, for instance in the ductus papillaris, which result in a reduction of the natural defence mechanisms of the udder and indirectly in bovine mastitis due to bacterial pathogens. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine immunodeficiency virus, and bovine leukaemia virus infections may play an indirect role in bovine mastitis, due to their immunosuppressive properties. But, more research is warranted to underline their indirect role in bovine mastitis. We conclude that viral infections can play a direct or indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis; therefore, their importance in the aetiology of bovine mastitis and their economical impact needs further attention. 相似文献
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奶牛临床型乳房炎病原菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
奶牛乳房炎是奶牛常见病和多发病之一，其病因复杂，难以防制，给奶牛饲养业带来了巨大的经济损失。作者通过对某奶牛场的奶牛临床型乳房炎病原菌进行分离、鉴定，从105份样品中共分离出76株细菌，经培养特性、染色镜检、生化鉴定等试验，鉴定出无乳链球菌58株，占分离菌的76.32%；大肠杆菌18株，占分离菌的23.68%。本试验结果表明，无乳链球菌是奶牛临床型乳房炎的主要病原菌，其次是大肠杆菌。这为奶牛乳房炎的防制提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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Ronald J Erskine Sarah Wagner Fred J DeGraves 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(1):109-38, vi
Mastitis remains the most frequent cause of antibacterial use on dairy farms and contributes to a substantial portion of total drug and veterinary costs incurred by the dairy industry. Ultimately, the best outcome of mastitis therapy is a positive effect on the amount of marketed milk harvested and long-term survival of the cow. This article describes the strategies of therapy for bovine mastitis, with an emphasis on antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy. 相似文献
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The administration of homeopathic drugs for the treatment of acute mastitis in cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C C Merck B Sonnenwald H Rollwage 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1989,102(8):266-272
The general principles of homeopathic therapy are described together with a number of homeopathic drugs used for the treatment of acute bovine mastitis. Fifty cows with acute mastitis were used in the study. The initial treatment comprised aconitum D 4, phytolacca D 1 and bryonia D 4. In subsequent treatments phytolacca D 1, bryonia D 4 and lachesis D 8 either singly or in combination were used; mercurius solubilis D 4 was also used. Encouraging results, especially in the treatment of cases of E.coli mastitis, were achieved. 相似文献
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Detection of the enterotoxins A, B, and C genes in Staphylococcus aureus from goat and bovine mastitis in Brazilian dairy herds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To determine the distribution of genes that encode enterotoxins A, B and C, 36 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goat mastitis and 64 isolated from bovine mastitis were analyzed by Multiplex PCR. Of the total strains studied, 37 (37%) were detected to have some of the SEs genes. From the bovine mastitis strains, 4 (6.3%) co-amplified the sea and seb genes and 2 (3.1%) were positive for the sec gene. From the goat mastitis strains, 31 (86%) tested positive to the Multiplex, and the sec gene was detected in all of them. The production of SE was detected in all strains harboring the corresponding gene. The results demonstrated that S. aureus isolated from goat mastitis had a higher enterotoxigenic potential than those isolated from bovine mastitis. Additionally, the presence of the sec gene in the majority of goat mastitis strains suggests a possible involvement of SEC in goat mastitis pathogenesis. 相似文献
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Staphylococcus aureus(SA)bovine mastitis is a chronic and subclinical infectious disease, which is hard to control. It brings unpredictable losses to dairy-farming industry. Immune escape effect of SA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of mastitis, and some virulence factors are mostly associated with the immune evasion of bacteria. In this paper, some important immune evasion mechanisms of SA in recent researches were reviewed in order to provide theoretical reference for further prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to estimate the efficacy of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Eighteen lactating cows with clinical mastitis and 18 lactating cows with experimental mastitis (1 quarter per cow) were randomly assigned to three treatments: IgY (20mg/ml) infusion, penicillin (100mg/ml) infusion and no infusion. Treatments for clinical mastitis and experimental mastitis were performed by a 6-day course of intramammary infusion with a dosage of 10ml at an interval of 12h. Milk samples were collected at morning milking time for testing color, clot, somatic cell counts (SCC) and bacterial count. For most of the cows treated with IgY and penicillin, the milk color and clot recovered to normal form during the therapy course. The milk SCCs and bacterial counts of treated cows decreased compared to those of untreated cows (p<0.05). The cure rates by IgY for experimental and clinical mastitis were 83.3% and 50%, respectively, and those by penicillin were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. These results showed the potential of specific IgY to be an alternative therapy for mastitis caused by S. aureus. 相似文献
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du Preez JH 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2000,71(3):201-208
Treatment of bovine mastitis depends on the cause, the clinical manifestation and the antibiotic susceptibility of the agent. Mastitis therapy is commonly unsuccessful owing to pathological changes that occur in the udder parenchyma as a result of the inflammatory reaction to mastitogenic bacteria, pharmacokinetic properties of antimicrobial mastitis drugs, mastitogenic bacterial and related factors, and poor animal husbandry and veterinary interventions. 相似文献