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1.
1. Medium weight laying hens were used for an assay to determine their isoleucine requirement between 26 and 36 weeks of age and again between 46 and 56 weeks of age. 2. Two isoleucine-limiting mixtures were formulated with similar amino acid profiles, one containing 198 g and the other 110 g crude protein per kg diet. These mixtures were blended to give a series of 11 diets with isoleucine contents ranging from 7.6 to 3.8 g/kg. The lowest protein diet was also fed with a supplement of L-isoleucine. Each of the 12 diets was given to 5 groups of 24 laying hens. 3. The daily isoleucine requirement of individual laying hens was estimated to be 9.48 mg/g egg output plus 44.47 mg/kg body weight per day for the 1st period and 12.11 mg/g egg output plus 6.86 mg/kg body weight per day for the 2nd period. Calculated optimum intakes of isoleucine for various ratios of cost of input to value of output are tabulated. For example, for a flock of medium weight hens producing an average of 50 g daily egg mass, the optimum isoleucine intake (mg/hen d) varied between 760 and 890 varying for ratios of costs to egg prices. 4. It is concluded that the isoleucine required per day does not decrease during the first laying year despite a decrease in rate of egg output. 相似文献
2.
试验探讨维生素E对免疫抑制蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的调控效应,选取健康的尼克褐产蛋鸡270只,随机等分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复18只。第Ⅰ组为对照组,第Ⅱ~Ⅴ组为免疫抑制组,对第Ⅱ~Ⅴ组鸡在试验第5、6、7 d进行腿部肌肉注射80 mg/kgBW环磷酰胺(CTX),第Ⅰ组注射等量生理盐水。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮(维生素E含量44.59 mg/kg),Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加50、100、200 mg/kg维生素E。结果显示:①免疫抑制产蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),破蛋率显著升高(P<0.05)。基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg维生素E显著提高免疫抑制产蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),但仍低于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.05);显著降低料蛋比和破蛋率(P<0.05)。②免疫抑制产蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和哈氏单位显著降低(P<0.05),蛋形指数和蛋黄颜色无显著改变(P>0.05);50 mg/kg维生素E添加量显著提高免疫抑制产蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和哈氏单位(P<0.05),与对照组Ⅰ无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,免疫抑制显著降低产蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质;基础日粮中添加维生素E对免疫抑制蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质具有明显的调控效应,且以50 mg/kg添加量效果较好。 相似文献
3.
为研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响,试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。础饲日粮为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg一水硫酸锌(以锌计),处理2组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理3组饲喂基础饲粮+40 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理4组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg锌(一水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半)。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计)能显著降低平均破蛋率、提高平均蛋壳强度(P<0.05)和明显提高平均蛋壳厚度,并且平均死亡率最低,但对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
4.
试验旨在研究添加不同剂量的粪肠球菌对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道形态结构的影响。选取70周龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡270只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验设对照组（饲喂基础日粮）、试验Ⅰ组（基础日粮+3.75 mg/kg粪肠球菌）和试验Ⅱ组（基础日粮+7.5 mg/kg粪肠球菌）,预试期7 d,正试期50 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率、产蛋量极显著提高（P<0.01）,料蛋比极显著降低（P<0.01）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈夫单位、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重均无显著变化（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组产蛋后期蛋鸡十二指肠、回肠的黏膜厚度极显著增加（P<0.01）,回肠绒毛高度显著提高（P<0.05）。综上所述,在产蛋后期蛋鸡日粮中添加适宜剂量的粪肠球菌可提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善肠道形态结构。 相似文献
5.
1. Broiler breeder hens were used in an experiment lasting 10 weeks (29 to 38 weeks of age) to measure the responses to dietary lysine and methionine, the main objective being to determine whether the coefficients of response to these amino acids were the same for broiler breeders and for laying pullets. 2. The hens were offered 150 g/d of one of 20 dietary treatments, 10 being lysine-limiting and 10 being methionine-limiting. The diets were mixed by diluting one of two concentrate (summit) mixes with a protein-free dilution mixture. The lysine-limiting summit diet was designed to supply approximately 1300 mg lysine/bird d, while the other supplied 520 mg methionine/bird d, when fed at 150 g/bird d. 3. Birds on the 5 lowest concentrations of both lysine and methionine did not consume the allotted amount of food, the amount decreasing, in a curvilinear fashion, to approximately 105 g/bird d. 4. The minimum egg weight recorded was 0.8 of the maximum, whereas the rate of lay of birds fed on the diets with the lowest amino acid concentrations was 0.2 of the maximum. 5. Using the Reading Model, the coefficients of response were calculated to be (for lysine) 16.88 E and 11.2 W, and for methionine, 7.03 E and 1.52 W, where E = egg output, g/bird d, and W = body mass, kg/bird. An average, individual, broiler breeder of 3 kg, producing 45 g of egg output per day, would need 793 mg of lysine and 321 mg of methionine daily. This intake of methionine is similar to that estimated by means of coefficients used for laying pullets, but the lysine requirement would be underestimated by 0.18 if the coefficients for laying pullets were used. 6. The coefficients for maintenance for both lysine and methionine, determined in this experiment, are considerably lower than values published previously, whilst the coefficients for egg output are, in both cases, higher. The resultant flock response curves therefore differed significantly from those in which the coefficients of response for for laying pullets were used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加辣诺素（辣木和诺丽果的提取物）对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。将产蛋高峰期（22周龄）的海兰褐商品蛋鸡540只随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。负对照组（NC）饲喂基础日粮,正对照组（PC）饲喂添加50 mg/kg杆菌肽锌的基础日粮,4个试验组分别饲喂添加0.25、0.50、0.75和1.00 g/kg辣诺素（LNS）的基础日粮。试验期24周。结果显示：①日粮处理对蛋鸡试验前期和后期生产性能均无显著影响（P>0.05）,试验后期添加0.50和0.75 g/kg辣诺素有改善料蛋比的趋势（P=0.087）;日粮处理对试验前期和后期鸡蛋蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄重和哈氏单位均无显著影响（P>0.05）,但日粮中添加杆菌肽锌和辣诺素有提高蛋壳强度的趋势（P=0.062）,其中以添加0.75g/kg辣诺素组鸡蛋强度最高。②与正、负对照组相比,添加辣诺素显著增加了生蛋黄和熟蛋黄的罗氏蛋黄色比率（P<0.05）,显著降低了蛋黄胆固醇的含量（0.25 LNS组除外）（P<0.05）。③与负对照组相比,添加0.50 g/kg辣诺素显著提高了鸡蛋总黄酮、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、卵磷脂、亚麻酸和亚油酸含量（P<0.05）。综合以上试验结果,辣诺素作为饲料添加剂具有提高鸡蛋营养品质的功能,考虑到添加成本,产蛋鸡日粮中添加0.25~0.50 g/kg为宜。 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到4个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。基础饲粮采用为玉米－豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg－水硫酸锌（以锌计）,处理2饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理3饲喂基础饲粮＋40mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理4饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg锌（－水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半）。试验结果表明,在产蛋鸡饲粮中100％以乳酸锌替代硫酸锌（提供的锌含量为60mg／kg）,能显著降低平均破蛋率,提高平均蛋壳强度和平均蛋壳厚度（P〈0．05）,死亡率最低,对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
8.
本试验旨在研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到4个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。基础饲粮采用为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg-水硫酸锌（以锌计）;处理2饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计... 相似文献
9.
1. A low-fat diet or an isoenergetic and isonitrogenous high-fat diet containing 55 g maize oil/kg were fed to laying hens at different stages during the laying year in two experiments. 2. Feeding the high-fat diet to young hens resulted in a rapid increase of 2.5 g in egg weight, made up of increases in both yolk and albumen weights. 3. Switching the diets at 50 weeks caused changes in egg weight that were accounted for entirely by changes in egg albumen weight. 4. Feeding the high-fat diet from 46 weeks in a second experiment increased egg and egg albumen weights by 1.26 and 1.34 g respectively. 5. The increase in egg weight with age was associated with a greater increase in the proportion of yolk, at the expense of albumen, compared to egg weight increases related to dietary fat. 6. It is concluded that dietary fatty acids increase egg weight by a mechanism different from that causing age-related increases in weight and that the mechanism involves a stimulation of oviduct protein synthesis. 相似文献
10.
A 24-week performance trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental phytase on performance, egg quality, tibia ash content and phosphorus excretion in laying hens fed on either a maize- or a barley-based diet. At the end of the trial, an ileal absorption assay was conducted in order to determine the influence of phytase supplementation on the apparent absorption of calcium and total phosphorus (P). Each experimental diet was formulated either as a positive control containing 3.2 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), with the addition of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), or as a low P one, without DCP addition. Both low P diets (containing 1.3 or 1.1 g/kg NPP) were supplemented with microbial phytase at 0, 150, 300 and 450 U/kg. The birds were housed in cages, allocating two hens per cage as the experimental unit. Each of 10 dietary treatments was assigned to 16 replicates. Low dietary NPP (below 1.3 g/kg) was not able to support optimum performance of hens during the laying cycle (from 22 to 46 weeks of age), either in maize or barley diets. Rate of lay, daily egg mass output, feed consumption, tibia ash percentage and weight gain were reduced in hens fed low NPP diets. The adverse effects of a low P diet were more severe in hens on a maize diet than in those on a barley diet. Low dietary NPP reduced egg production, weight gain, feed consumption and tibia ash content and microbial phytase supplementation improved these parameters. Hens given low NPP diets supplemented with phytase performed as well as the hens on positive control diets containing 3.2 g/kg of NPP. A 49% reduction of excreta P content was achieved by feeding hens on low NPP diets supplemented with phytase, without compromising performance. Phytase addition to low NPP diets increased total phosphorus absorption at the ileal level, from 0.25 to 0.51 in the maize diet and from 0.34 to 0.58 in the barley diet. Phosphorus absorption increased linearly with increasing levels of dietary phytase. Mean phosphorus absorption was higher in barley diets than in maize diets (0.49 vs 0.39). 相似文献
11.
试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平茶皂素对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和养分利用率的影响。选取600只40周龄健康的海兰褐商品蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加100、200、300 mg/kg的茶皂素。预试期7 d,正式试验期56 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,100、200、300 mg/kg组蛋鸡的产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),200、300 mg/kg组蛋鸡的料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05),200 mg/kg组蛋鸡的平均蛋重显著提高(P<0.05);100、200、300 mg/kg组鸡蛋的蛋白高度和哈夫单位显著提高(P<0.05);100、300 mg/kg组蛋鸡的蛋白质利用率显著提高(P<0.05),100、200、300 mg/kg组蛋鸡的粗灰分利用率显著提高(P<0.05),200、300 mg/kg组蛋鸡的钙、磷利用率显著提高(P<0.05);从经济效益上看,蛋鸡日粮中添加200 mg/kg茶皂素较好。研究表明,饲粮中添加适量茶皂素可以提高蛋鸡的生产性能,改善蛋品质,提高养分利用率,提高经济效益。 相似文献
12.
1. Two experiments were conducted with laying pullets between 32 and 47 weeks of age. In each trial 1 728 White Leghorn and 1 728 crossbred pullets were used.
2. A series of diets of increasing protein content was offered. Protein quality was identical in all diets and tryptophan was demonstrated to be the most limiting amino acid in the protein mixture used.
3. The daily tryptophan requirement of the individual pullet was estimated, by indirect methods, to be 2.25 mg/g egg output plus 10.25 mg/kg body weight. Response curves for flocks of pullets are illustrated. Calculated optimum intakes of tryptophan for various ratios of costs of input to value of output are tabulated.
4. It is estimated that for a flock of mean body weight 1.5 kg, producing 55 g egg mass/hen d and consuming 110 g food/hen d, the optimum dietary tryptophan concentration is 1.7 g/kg when the marginal cost of supplying 1 kg tryptophan is 20 times the marginal value of 1 kg egg output. 相似文献
13.
本试验旨在研究苜草素对产蛋后期蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)的预防作用。选用500日龄京红1号产蛋鸡1 008只,随机等分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂常规饲粮(代谢能11.10 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质17.68%);Ⅱ~Ⅶ组为试验组,饲喂高能低蛋白质饲粮(代谢能12.87 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质13.84%),并分别在饲粮中添加0、200、400、600、800、1 000 mg/kg苜草素。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高能低蛋白质饲粮组(Ⅱ组)蛋鸡第30天时即可表现出明显的FLHS病理特征,第1~30天平均日采食量、产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量显著降低(P0.05),料蛋比显著升高(P0.05),第1~60天趋势更加显著(P0.05);第42天蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著降低(P0.05)。2)在高能低蛋白质饲粮中添加不同梯度的苜草素均能降低FLHS发生率,提高第1~60天的平均日采食量、产蛋率、产蛋量,降低料蛋比;提高第42天的蛋白高度、哈氏单位。由此可见,高能低蛋白质饲粮能够诱导蛋鸡FLHS,补充苜草素具有预防作用。 相似文献
14.
将800只56周龄京红1号蛋鸡随机分为5个处理,每处理5个重复,每个重复32只,对照组2组,分别饲喂常规蛋白饲粮和低蛋白饲粮,试验组在低蛋饲粮基础上添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的苏氨酸。预饲期7d,试验期35d,研究低蛋白饲粮添加苏氨酸对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明,在低蛋白饲粮基础上添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%苏氨酸均可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率、饲料利用率和蛋壳质量,促进蛋白质在鸡蛋中的沉积。其中,低蛋白饲粮基础上添加0.2%苏氨酸效果最佳,优于常规蛋白组。 相似文献
15.
试验旨在研究添加不同水平的亚硒酸钠和酵母硒对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选用23周龄北京油鸡和罗曼粉杂交一代产蛋母鸡648只,随机分为12组,每组6个重复,每个重复9只鸡,进行为期8周的饲养试验。试验1~6组在基础日粮中分别添加含硒0.3、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠,试验7~12组在基础日粮中分别添加含硒0.3、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/kg的酵母硒。结果表明,在产蛋鸡的饲料中添加5.0 mg/kg以内的亚硒酸钠或酵母硒都有提高产蛋率的趋势(P＞0.05),且对蛋品质无明显不良影响。若以提高产蛋率为目的,亚硒酸钠的添加水平以2.0 mg/kg为宜,酵母硒的添加水平以3.0 mg/kg为宜。酵母硒的使用效果优于亚硒酸钠。酵母硒组采食量和蛋壳强度显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P＜0.05),亚硒酸钠组蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于酵母硒组(P＜0.05)。 相似文献
16.
文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能(P<0.05);与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋壳硬度、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄相对重以及蛋黄颜色(P<0.05),蛋黄总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,在蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著改善其产蛋性能和蛋品质。 相似文献
17.
试验旨在探究虾青素和维生素B2在日粮中的添加量对鸡蛋品质的影响。选择1200只体重相近、健康的45周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蛋鸡饲喂固定比例的基础日粮和0.25%虾青素,混合不同含量的维生素B2(5.0、8.0、11.0、14.0 mg/kg)。预试期1周和正式试验期4周,预试期各组蛋鸡均饲喂基础日粮,正式试验期分别投放上面试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的配比的饲料。结果表明,试验组蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组鸡蛋粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组鸡蛋平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋比重与对照组相比有增大的趋势。试验表明,日粮添加虾青素和维生素B2能提高蛋品质,添加0.25%虾青素和14.0 mg/kg维生素B2效果最好。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究发酵中草药对京红蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响。选取体重相近、饲养管理水平一致的54周龄京红蛋鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只蛋鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药。预试期10 d,正式试验期56 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),蛋黄比例及蛋壳强度极显著升高(P<0.01),蛋白比例及蛋黄胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白及钙含量极显著升高(P<0.01),血清总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯含量及肝脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏高密度脂蛋白含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。试验表明,京红蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药可以提高京红蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率,改善蛋品质和脂代谢能力。 相似文献
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本研究旨在评估夏季高温时日粮添加甜菜碱对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及骨骼和血液理化特性的影响.试验将480只产蛋性能一致的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡随机分为2组,每组240只,每组10个重复(24只/重复).对照组饲喂基础试验日粮,处理组蛋鸡饲喂基础试验日粮+150?mg/kg甜菜碱,试验为期8周.结果:日粮添加150?mg/kg甜菜碱对... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加高剂量蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能、血液学指标和组织病理学的影响,以确定蛋鸡对饲用蛋氨酸锌的耐受剂量。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选择健康且体重和产蛋率相近的20周龄海兰白蛋鸡540只,随机分成6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。各组分别饲喂蛋氨酸锌添加水平为0(对照)、70(有效剂量)、140(2倍有效剂量)、350(5倍有效剂量)、700(10倍有效剂量)和1 400 mg/kg(20倍有效剂量)的试验饲粮。试验为期8周。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,70 mg/kg组、140 mg/kg组日产蛋重和产蛋率显著提高(P0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P0.05);350 mg/kg组、700 mg/kg组上述指标与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);与0~700 mg/kg组相比,1 400 mg/kg组日产蛋重和产蛋率极显著降低(P0.01),料蛋比极显著提高(P0.01)。2)饲粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡血液常规指标无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加70~700 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡血清生化指标无显著影响(P0.05),但添加1 400 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌极显著提高了血清葡萄糖、尿酸、肌酐、总胆红素含量以及谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.01)。4)添加20倍推荐有效剂量(1 400 mg/kg)的蛋氨酸锌会引起主要器官组织的损伤和病变。结果提示,蛋鸡饲粮中蛋氨酸锌的耐受剂量为700mg/kg。 相似文献