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氟苯尼考对人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌小白鼠的防治效果研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(4):124-128
[目的]观察抗菌药物氟苯尼考对多杀性巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌效果,评价其对人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌小白鼠的防治效果。[方法]采用微量肉汤稀释法测定临床常用的9种抗菌药物对多杀性巴氏杆菌的抑菌效果,筛选敏感抗菌药物,进一步选择小白鼠开展预防试验和治疗试验,观察抗菌药物对人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌小白鼠的防治效果。[结果]在9种常见的抗菌药物中,对多杀性巴氏杆菌抑菌效果最好的是氟苯尼考和多西环素,2种药物的MIC为1 μg/mL,MBC为2 μg/mL;抑菌效果最差的是延胡索酸泰妙菌素,MIC为64 μg/mL,MBC为128 μg/mL。利用多杀性巴氏杆菌人工感染小白鼠,治疗试验与预防试验均设置阴性对照组（注射生理盐水）、阳性对照组（攻毒细菌）以及药物治疗或预防组（攻毒细菌+氟苯尼考）;治疗试验获得氟苯尼考的保护率为78.6%,预防试验的保护率为84.6%。[结论]氟苯尼考对人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌小白鼠有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
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茜草主要分布于我国东北至华南.传统中医认为茜草具有行血止血、通经活络、止咳祛痰的功效,主治吐血、衄血、尿血、便血、血崩、经闭、风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、瘀滞肿痛、黄疸和慢性气管炎.现代研究证明,茜草根水提液在试管内对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、流感杆菌和部分皮肤真菌等均有一定的抑制作用.天然药物化学工作者从茜草中提取、分离出抗菌活性成分茜草素类单体化合物,并通过化学方法合成了茜草素(原名万菌杀星,商品名菌立杀).在对茜草素及其同系物的抗菌构效关系研究时发现,茜草素的抗菌作用较强.为了考察化学合成的茜草素对猪巴氏杆菌病(猪肺疫)的治疗效果,进行了人工感染治疗试验,现将结果报道如下. 相似文献
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【目的】研究异丙氧苯胍与黏菌素联用对多杀性巴氏杆菌的体内外抗菌作用,为开发有效的新型黏菌素增效剂及临床防治多杀性巴氏杆菌病提供数据支持。【方法】通过微量肉汤稀释法测定异丙氧苯胍与黏菌素对多杀性巴氏杆菌的最小抑菌浓度,再通过棋盘法联合药敏试验和时间杀菌曲线评价异丙氧苯胍与黏菌素联用对多杀性巴氏杆菌的体外抗菌作用,并进一步通过建立小鼠肺部感染多杀性巴氏杆菌模型来评价两者联用的体内抗菌效果。【结果】药敏试验结果显示,异丙氧苯胍对多杀性巴氏杆菌无抗菌作用(MIC>256μg/mL),黏菌素对受试菌株的最小抑菌浓度范围为1～8μg/mL。联合药敏试验结果显示,异丙氧苯胍与黏菌素联用时能增强黏菌素的抗菌活性(分级抑菌浓度指数在0.094～0.313),表现出良好的协同抗菌作用。体外时间杀菌曲线结果进一步表明,联合用药组可显著降低细菌数量,当亚抑菌浓度(0.5μg/mL)的黏菌素与异丙氧苯胍联用时即可达到杀菌效果。在小鼠肺部感染模型中,与黏菌素或异丙氧苯胍单药组相比,异丙氧苯胍与黏菌素联合组能显著或极显著降低小鼠肺部多杀性巴氏杆菌的载菌量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。HE染色观察... 相似文献
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溶菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎主要病原的体外药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取从患有子宫内膜炎奶牛的子宫黏液中分离出的主要病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌37株、链球菌30株、大肠埃希氏菌12株和化脓棒状杆菌22株,在体外用溶菌酶、庆大霉素、氨苄西林和头孢唑啉按照微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验。结果表明,溶菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌具有良好的抗菌活性,对化脓棒状杆菌具有一定的抑杀作用,对大肠埃希氏菌作用较弱;氨苄西林则均产生了大量的耐药菌株,而溶菌酶对庆大霉素、氨苄西林和头孢唑啉耐药菌株同样具有较好的抑杀效果。 相似文献
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中草药复方制剂QWS抑菌作用试验研究 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
用固体培养基稀释法对８种细菌进行了中草药复方制剂ＱＷＳ的体外抑菌试验。结果表明，ＱＷＳ煎剂、浸剂经高压后对大肠埃希氏菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽霍乱巴氏杆菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌等具有抑菌作用，其抑菌药物最低浓度为１∶１６０。ＱＷＳ煎剂、浸剂、粉剂不经高压对大肠埃希氏菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽霍乱巴氏杆菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌具有很好的抑菌作用，其中以粉剂抑菌作用最好，对以上细菌，药物最低抑菌浓度在１∶６４０以上。而且粉剂对煎剂、浸剂（高压后和不高压）抑菌效果较差的金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、猪丹毒杆菌也有较好的抑菌作用，其药物最低抑菌浓度达１∶１６０。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献