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从山东省泰安市采集的38份具有严重呼吸道症状的病死猪的肺脏、气管和扁桃体进行胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)的分离鉴定,其中14株菌株表现出形态多样性、革兰氏染色阴性等特点,小鼠试验显示有较强的毒力,PCR电泳结果得到了650bp的预期目的片段。系统的生物学鉴定表明,这14株分离菌为胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus Pleuropneaumoniae,APP)。对确诊的14株APP采用凝集试验进行血清型检测。结果从山东省泰安市分离到14株2个血清型的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌,其中,血清7型8株、血清5型6株,血清7型、5型为绝对优势血清型。 相似文献
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8株鸭疫里默氏杆菌安徽分离株的生物学特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸭疫里默氏杆菌病是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)感染引起的主要发生于鸭的一种慢性或急性、高度接触性传染病。本研究开展了2017年分离自安徽的8株RA菌株的生物学特性研究。血清型检测结果表明,8株RA中6株为血清10型,2株为血清15型;对24种抗菌药物敏感性检测结果表明,RA对阿莫西林、头孢他啶和头孢吡啶敏感,对洛美沙星和阿奇霉素耐药;生物被膜检测结果表明,8株菌株中有7株为强生物被膜形成株,1株为弱生物被膜形成株;运用real-time PCR对强生物被膜形成菌株AH-1和弱生物被膜形成菌株AH-35中的生物被膜形成相关的5个基因进行检测,结果表明,与AH-35菌株相比,AH-1中的Riean_0023、Riean_1039和Riean_1564基因的转录水平均显著上调(p0.01)。本研究为安徽省RA的防控提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解鸭源沙门菌江苏分离株的主要生物学特性,本研究对2012年至2013年从发病或死亡鸭中分离的33株沙门菌分离株进行鉴定,即采用玻片凝集法对分离的沙门菌进行血清学分型,多重PCR方法检测17种毒力基因的分布,按照美国临床和实验室标准化研究所制定的方法进行药物敏感性检测,通过结晶紫半定量法检测分离菌株的生物被膜形成能力.33株鸭源沙门菌的血清学分型结果显示,查理沙门菌占48.5％,为优势血清型.毒力基因检测结果显示,pagC、msgA、sipB、prgH、spaN、tolC、iroN、sopB及pefA为保守基因.药物敏感性检测显示,42.4％的菌株耐受8种以上药物.生物被膜检测显示,有14株细菌生物被膜形成能力为中等以上,其中57.1％的菌株耐8种以上的药物. 相似文献
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对2018—2020年采集的南涧县不同养殖场中患腹泻病仔猪肛拭子、粪便、肝脏等共243份病料进行大肠杆菌分离鉴定,采用人工感染小白鼠试验、玻板凝集试验、结晶紫微孔板法和K-B药敏纸片法,对分离的致泻性大肠杆菌的致病性、血清型、生物被膜形成能力及耐药性进行检测。结果显示,从243份仔猪腹泻病料组织中分离得到了113株大肠杆菌,其中有87株为致病性大肠杆菌,87株致病性大肠杆菌属于14种不同的血清型,以038 (17.2%)、0101 (18.4%)和0142 (14.9%)为主要流行优势血清型,强形成被膜能力菌株有24株(27.6%)、中形成被膜能力菌株有34株(39.1%)、弱形成被膜能力菌株有17株(19.5%)、不形成被膜菌株有12株(13.8%)。分离的87株致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、链霉素等10种药物的耐药率较高,耐药率在49.4%以上,对其他药物的耐药率在9.2%～26.4%之间。 相似文献
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从辽宁和黑龙江2个水貂养殖场死亡水貂肺中分离出13株铜绿假单胞菌,血清型鉴定分别为C型和D型,命名为PK13-C和H2F-D。为了解其作为疫苗株的免疫效果,测定了其运动能力、绿脓菌素生成能力、生长曲线、毒力、免疫原性及耐药性。结果表明,PK13-C对小鼠和水貂的毒力分别为7.5×106CFU和7×105CFU,泳动能力及群集运动能力较强,抽动能力较弱,生物被膜形成能力中等;H2F-D对小鼠和水貂的毒力分别为2.05×107CFU和2.2×106CFU,泳动能力较弱,但群集运动及抽动能力较强,生物被膜形成能力较弱。二者对本血清型菌株的免疫保护率均为100%,对异种血清型菌株的保护率为80%~90%。2个株菌均可产生绿脓菌素。生长曲线显示2个菌株于4h进入对数生长期,于18h左右进入平稳期。药敏试验结果表明,2个株菌对氯霉素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林/舒巴坦耐药。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2021,(2)
为分析江苏地区仔猪腹泻性大肠杆菌的致病性、血清型、耐药性及生物被膜(BF)形成能力等生物特性,本研究从2017年～2019年采集江苏地区患腹泻的仔猪粪便、肛拭子等216份病料样品,从中分离培养后经16S rRNA PCR鉴定获得156株大肠杆菌,进一步通过小鼠感染性实验得到118株致病性大肠杆菌。对分离的致病性大肠杆菌采用O血清型玻板凝集试验检测其血清型,结果显示118株致病性大肠杆菌有14种血清型,以O38型、O149型及O109型为主要的优势流行血清型;采用K-B药敏纸片法对分离菌株的耐药性检测结果显示,118株致病性大肠杆菌对氨苄西林、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、环丙沙星等7种药物的耐药率在47.5%以上,对其他药物耐药率在11.0%～16.1%;结晶紫微孔板法检测分离菌BF的形成能力,结果显示,分离的118株致病性大肠杆菌中BF形成能力强、中等、较弱及不形成BF的菌株分别有48株(40.7%)、36株(30.5%)、24株(20.3%)、10株(8.5%),且对氨苄西林、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、环丙沙星等7种药物的耐药性与BF形成能力具有一定相关性。本研究为仔猪腹泻性大肠杆菌病的防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
《中国动物传染病学报》2016,(6)
本研究对2015年分离自福建省龙岩市的139株禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)的血清型、毒力因子分布及耐药性等进行检测,并对血清型与耐药性、毒力因子分布和耐药性之间的相关性进行分析,以期为APEC的防控提供参考。对139株分离菌株的血清型检测结果表明,O1血清型(11株)、O2血清型(14株)和O78血清型(14株)占全部菌株的28%;对分离菌株毒力基因检测结果表明,4%和7.1%的菌株检测到papC基因和vat基因,14.3%和19.3%的菌株检测到aat A基因和cva/cvi基因。而iuc D(82%)、tsh(59%)、iss(55%)和irp2(44.6%)基因在分离菌株中具有较高的检出率;药敏实验结果表明,分离株存在多重耐药性,99%以上分离菌株对红霉素、克林霉素和利福平耐受,86%的分离菌株对10种以上抗生素耐受,57.3%的菌株对13种药物都耐受;对血清型、耐药性与致病性之间的分析结果表明,分离的O1、O2和O78血清型的菌株,其中50%的菌株是含有5种以上毒力基因的强毒株,且在分离的含有5种以上毒力基因的强毒株中,50%的菌株对13种抗生素耐受,90%的菌株对10种以上药物耐受。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2015,(4)
为了解上海市动物源性食品中单增李斯特菌的污染状况,在上海市不同超市和农贸市场采集479份动物源性食品样品,依据国标方法进行菌株分离,并对分离菌株的耐药性、血清型及生物被膜形成能力进行测定。结果共分离鉴定34株单增李斯特菌,分离率为7.1%(34/479)。药敏试验结果显示单增李斯特菌分离株的耐药率虽然不高,但日趋严重,对氨苄青霉素和万古霉素均敏感,对头孢曲松的耐药性最高(55.88%),林可霉素次之(41.18%)。血清型鉴定表明单增李斯特菌分离株以血清型1/2a(3a)型为主(76.47%),血清型1/2c(3c)次之(17.65%),而致病性强的血清型4b(4d、4e)仅占2.94%。生物被膜形成能力实验表明,所有的菌株均能形成生物被膜,其中76.47%(26/34)分离株生物被膜形成能力微弱。上海市动物源性食品中单增李斯特菌污染情况较为严重,主要流行1/2a(3a)血清型,耐药率日趋严重,均可形成生物被膜。因此,应加强对动物源性食品中单增李斯特菌的监控。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
18.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
19.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献