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1.
鸡肉中喹乙醇、卡巴多及其代谢物的残留检测   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
建立了测定鸡肉组织样品中喹乙醇、卡巴多以及喹噁啉-2-羧酸残留量的高效液相色谱法。鸡肉样品中的药物用乙腈与乙酸乙酯的混合液(1∶1,V/V)提取,经过浓缩、净化,用甲醇定容进行检测。色谱拄为Atlantis C18柱,流动相由甲醇、水和乙酸钠缓冲液(pH 4.6)组成,采用梯度洗脱程序;检测波长为320和380 nm。喹乙醇、卡巴多及噁喹啉-2-羧酸在0.05~1.0μg/mL浓度范围内,药物峰面积与浓度值呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.997 5、0.997 9、0.998 2。空白鸡肉中添加药物浓度为0.05、0.1、0.2和0.5μg/?时,喹乙醇的回收率为(70.6±3.1)%~(87.5±3.6)%;卡巴多为(73.2±3.7)%~(91.5±2.7)%;喹噁啉-2-羧酸为(71.9±4.3)%~(86.6±3.5)%。喹乙醇、卡巴多和喹噁啉-2-羧酸的最低检测限分别为0.05、0.015、0.025μg/mL。  相似文献   

2.
本研究建立了鸡肉中卡巴氧、喹乙醇的代谢物残留的液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱测定方法。鸡肉样品经酸解后,固相萃取净化,液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定,稳定同位素内标定量。卡巴氧、喹乙醇的代谢物喹喔啉-2-羧酸、3-甲基-喹喔啉-2-羧酸在0.5μg/kg~10 g/kg范围内线性关系良好,最低定量限0.5μg/kg,检测限0.2μg/kg。高中低浓度精密度20%(RSD%),平均回收率70%~120%。经实际样品的测定,本方法简便、实用,适宜于大批量样品的测定。  相似文献   

3.
试验以喹喔啉-2-羧酸(quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid,QCA)及其与γ-氨基丁酸(ABA)的衍生物(QCA-ABA)为半抗原,将其与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成人工抗原。以QCA-BSA和QCA-ABA-BSA为免疫原,免疫大白兔制备多克隆抗体,利用紫外分光光度计分析结合物的结合情况,间接ELISA和间接竞争ELISA分析抗体特性。结果表明,以QCA-BSA、QCA-ABA-BSA为免疫原制备的抗体平均效价分别为12.8×104、6.4×104。2种抗体对QCA灵敏度低,IC50均大于10000 ng/mL,而对QCA-ABA的灵敏度高,IC50分别为14.2和7.75 ng/mL,特异性好,仅与3-甲基-喹喔啉-2-羧酸(12%)、卡巴氧(0.038%)和喹赛多(0.028%)有较低程度的交叉反应,与衍生试剂和结构类似物均无交叉反应(<0.01%)。该抗体为建立动物可食性组织中QCA残留物的快速检测方法奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
为检测猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物喹噁啉-2-羧酸(QCA)和3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸(MQ-CA),建立了同时检测这2种残留标示物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法.将样品碱水解,乙酸乙酯等液-液萃取,65℃氮气吹干,甲醇:0.5%甲酸水溶液(30:70)溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析.结果显示,猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物MQCA和QCA检测限为0.2～0034μg/kg和0.5～0.9μg/kg,定量限为0.5～0.61μg/kg和0.77～1.31μg/kg.相对回收率在90.07%～106.8%范围内,日内变异系数≤13.69%.日间变异系数≤15.43%.MQCA和QCA在2～100μg/kg范围内具有较好的线性关系(r~2>0.99).结果表明,本方法简单、灵敏度高.适用于猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物的定量检测.  相似文献   

5.
高效液相色谱法测定猪肝组织中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
本研究建立了猪肝组织中3-甲基喹喔啉-2羧酸（3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid,MQCA）的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用0.3 mol/L盐酸提取猪肝组织中药物,经MAX柱净化,以乙腈∶甲醇∶0.5%甲酸水（15∶50∶35,V/V/V）为流动相,C18色谱柱进行药物分离,320 nm波长下紫外检测,结果当药物在猪肝组织中添加水平为20～250 μg/kg时,平均回收率为72.35%～85.00%,日内测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）（n＝5）为5.56%～9.49%,日间RSD(n＝3)为5.96%～9.63%。猪肝组织中MQCA的定量限为20 μg/kg,检出限为6.65 μg/kg,表明该方法灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合兽药残留分析技术的要求,适用于猪肝组织中MQCA的检测。  相似文献   

6.
为检测猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物喹噁啉-2-羧酸(QCA)和3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸(MQ-CA),建立了同时检测这2种残留标示物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。将样品碱水解,乙酸乙酯等液-液萃取,65℃氮气吹干,甲醇∶0.5%甲酸水溶液(30∶70)溶解,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。结果显示,猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物MQCA和QCA检测限为0.2~0.34μg/kg和0.5~0.9μg/kg,定量限为0.5~0.61μg/kg和0.77~1.31μg/kg。相对回收率在90.07%~106.8%范围内,日内变异系数≤13.69%,日间变异系数≤15.43%。MQCA和QCA在2~100μg/kg范围内具有较好的线性关系(r20.99)。结果表明,本方法简单、灵敏度高,适用于猪、鸡可食性组织中喹噁啉类兽药残留标示物的定量检测。  相似文献   

7.
高效液相色谱法测定中兽药制剂中喹噁啉类药物   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
建立了中兽药制剂中喹乙醇、乙酰甲喹、卡巴氧、喹烯酮等药物含量测定的高效液相色谱法。样品经三氯甲烷∶甲醇(3∶1)提取后,苯基柱分离,在360 nm处检测。四种喹噁啉类药物在0.2~100μg/mL浓度范围内呈线性相关。在空白样品中添加50~150 mg/kg,回收率范围在87.90%~96.82%之间,批内变异系数为0.55%~4.65%。本方法的检测限为20 mg/kg,定量限为50 mg/kg。结果表明,本方法适合中兽药制剂中喹噁啉类药物的测定。  相似文献   

8.
建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)联用技术同时测定全价饲料中喹烯酮、喹乙醇、乙酰甲喹、卡巴氧和喹赛多等5种喹噁啉类药物的分析方法。样品通过乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1∶1,体积∶体积)溶液提取,Bond Elut Plexa固相萃取柱净化后上机测定。在正离子模式下通过2对离子对进行定性定量分析。结果表明:5种药物在2~100 ng/m L线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,空白饲料在3个添加质量浓度下的平均回收率为65.8%~109.8%,相对标准偏差均小于12%,方法的检测限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg。该方法适用于饲料中5种喹噁啉类药物的同时测定。  相似文献   

9.
为了合成两种具有抑菌活性的1,4-二氧喹醛酸酯,即1,4-二氧喹喔啉-3-甲基-2-甲酸苯酯和1,4-二氧喹喔啉-3-甲基-2-甲酸肉桂酯,以苯并呋咱为原料,经Beirut反应、酯交换反应,合成了两种喹醛酸酯;1,4-二氧喹喔啉-3-甲基-2-甲酸苯酯合成产率为29.3%,1,4-二氧喹喔啉-3-甲基-2-甲酸肉桂酯合成产率为18.3%。两种1,4-二氧喹醛酸酯对大肠杆菌、金葡萄球菌、青霉菌和枯草杆菌均有明显的抑菌活性。通过测定产物的熔点和光谱分析证明系为所合成的目标产物。  相似文献   

10.
为了合成一种有抑菌活性的新喹喔啉衍生物,即3-甲基-2-乙酰苯腙喹喔啉1,4-二氧物,以邻硝基苯胺为基本原料,经氧化反应,Beirut反应和加成缩合反应,制得目标产物,产率73.5%。用红外光谱法(IR)、质谱法(MS)和核磁共振谱法(NMR)对产物结构进行表征,证明合成产物为目标产物。并通过抑菌测试发现,新化合物对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金葡萄球菌和青霉菌均有明显的抑菌活性,为今后开展喹喔啉及其衍生物的抗菌药用研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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