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1.
The first results of the Hungarian sheep prion protein (PrP) genotyping programme are discussed in this paper. To obtain initial genotype frequency data 10 commercial (Hungarian Merino, German Mutton Merino, Merino Landschaf, German Blackheaded, Suffolk, Texel, Ile de France, Charollais, Lacaune, British Milksheep) and 4 indigenous (Gyimes Racka, Hortobágy Racka, Tsigaja, Cikta) breeds were sampled in 2003 and 2004, and the PrP genotypes were determined by microsequencing analysis with capillary electrophoresis. In all commercial breeds, a higher number of sheep were genotyped in 2005 (3648) and in 2006 (3834) within the breeding programme to increase scrapie resistance, and the estimated frequency data were compared to the initial figures to evaluate the efficiency of selection. The new developments arising from the identification of the so-called 'atypical' scrapie cases are also discussed. 相似文献
2.
Garcia-Crespo D Oporto B Gomez N Nagore D Benedicto L Juste RA Hurtado A 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(23):717-722
Two new PCR-based methods were developed to decode prion protein (PrP) gene polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171: a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis consisting of two PCR reactions followed by three enzymatic digestions, and a real-time PCR consisting of four reactions with seven fluorogenic probes. Both methods were used to study the distribution of PrP gene polymorphisms in a representative sample (1297 animals) of the populations of the two native breeds of sheep of the Spanish Basque Country, Latxa and Carranzana. Fourteen genotypes were found in the Latxa breed, in which ARQ/ARQ was the genotype most frequently observed (49.3 per cent), followed by ARR/ARQ (32.6 per cent) and ARQ/ARH (5.8 per cent). The genotype associated with the highest resistance to scrapie (ARR/ARR) was present in 5 per cent of the animals analysed. Similar results were observed in the Carranzana sheep. 相似文献
3.
A total of 344 pure animals, representing seven American and South European breeds (White Chiapas Blanca, Brown Chiapas Café, Black Chiapas Negra, Churra Badana, Churra da Terra Quente, Chilean Latxa, and Spanish Merino), were randomly sampled and wool evaluated for isoalcohol scouring yield, length, and proportion for each type of fiber (long-thick, short-thin, and kemp), average of fiber diameter, and F30 (percentage of fibers with a diameter of >30 μm). The objective of this study was to characterize these breeds according to their wool traits. A low percentage of the phenotypic variability in the analyzed animals was due to differences among breeds, and that the largest part of that variability is due to differences within breeds. The obtained topology in the principal coordinates analysis showed the grouping of the three Chiapas breeds clearly separated, but the similarity with their original breed was only evident for Brown Chiapas Café. The three Chiapas sheep breeds must be regarded as clearly sympatric populations. 相似文献
4.
Deborah Greber Marcus Doherr Cord Dr?gemüller Adrian Steiner 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):27
Background
The rates of congenital disorders in Swiss sheep were determined by a questionnaire which was sent to 3,183 members of the Swiss Sheep Breeders’ Association.Findings
A total of 993 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 31.2%. Of these, 862 questionnaires originated from farms keeping one of the predominant Swiss sheep breeds: Swiss White Alpine sheep, Brown-Headed Meat sheep, Swiss Black Brown Mountain sheep and Valais Blacknose sheep. During a 10-year-period, entropion was reported in 33.6% of the farms, brachygnathia inferior in 29.5%, abdominal/umbilical hernia in 15.9%, cryptorchidism in 10.5% and torticollis in 10.5%. The most significant difference between the four breeds (P < 0.001) occurred for entropion in Swiss White Alpine sheep and Brown-Headed Meat sheep, brachygnathia inferior in Swiss Black Brown Mountain sheep, and scrotal/inguinal hernia in Valais Blacknose sheep. The Swiss White Alpine breed showed a significantly higher animal prevalence of entropion (6.2% in 2011 and 5.5% in 2012) than other breeds (P < 0.001).Conclusions
These findings indicate a breed-specific necessity for action, particularly regarding Swiss animal welfare legislation, especially entropion in Swiss White Alpine sheep is concerned. In general, careful selection of breeding stock is to be recommended. 相似文献5.
甘肃地方绵羊品种微卫星遗传多样性与系统发育分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对甘肃省6个地方绵羊品种(240只个体)15个微卫星座位的等位基因的研究,结果共发现了179个等位基因。其中在藏羊中发现的等位基因数最多(136个),兰州大尾羊最少(94个)。多态信息含量、期望杂合度和观察杂合度的数据表明:在研究的6个绵羊品种中藏羊和甘肃高山细毛羊的遗传多样性较丰富,而兰州大尾羊和岷县黑裘皮羊的遗传多样性较低。DA遗传距离和D s遗传距离构建的NJ系统发育树均表明:兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊和滩羊具有较近的亲缘关系,预示这3个品种可能具有相同的原始祖先。而甘肃高山细毛羊与其他5个甘肃地方品种的遗传距离较远,另为一类。 相似文献
6.
J. Quiroz A.M. Martinez L. Zaragoza R. Perezgrovas J.L. Vega-Pla J.V. Delgado 《Livestock Science》2008,116(1-3):156-161
The Tzotziles, a Mayan native group located in Chiapas, Southern Mexico, have sheep breeding as one of their principal means of subsistence. Sheep were introduced in the Americas by the Spaniards in the first half of the XVI Century. Three populations of sheep from Chiapas—Café, Chamula and Chiapas—were typed with 27 microsatellites. Genetic distances were calculated for three Iberian breeds, Spanish Merino, Churra, two Canary Islands breeds, Canaria and Palmera, and the French Mutton Merino (Precoce). In the case of Chiapas sheep most of the markers showed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the fixation index of Fst (0.095) showed a moderate level of genetic differentiation. The three distinct sheep subpopulations (Café, Chamula and Chiapas) are genetically differentiated inside the Chiapas sheep population. These breeds could be historically related to Spanish sheep populations, but have diverged significantly as a result of genetic drift and selection. 相似文献
7.
本研究旨在了解酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1（tyrosinase related protein 1，TYRP1）基因在中国地方绵羊群体内的遗传变异，以及TYRP1基因突变与不同毛色表型绵羊群体的相关性。通过直接测序法和PCR-RFLP技术对10个中国地方绵羊群体进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）检测，利用Beagle、PLINK和POPGENE等软件对突变位点数据进行单倍型构建、连锁不平衡分析和遗传变异研究。突变位点检测结果表明，在绵羊TYRP1基因内识别了13个SNPs，其中位于TYRP1基因外显子上的10个SNPs位点，除个别位点在大尾寒羊、中国美利奴羊和岷县黑裘皮羊中没有发生突变外，其他突变位点在所有绵羊品种中均出现不同程度变异，说明中国地方绵羊群体具有较高的遗传多样性。单倍型分析结果表明，所有样本中共有42个单倍型，优势单倍型0000000000（245/918）、0100000001（91/918）在所有绵羊群体中均存在，除单倍型0101100000（93/918）在中国美利奴羊中没有出现，单倍型0001000001（69/918）在岷县黑裘皮羊、哈萨克羊群体中没有出现外，在其他群体中均存在。连锁分析结果表明，10个SNPs在所有样本中均存在2个连锁模块。群体遗传变异分析表明，中国地方绵羊群体具有较高水平的群体内遗传变异，各绵羊品种间存在明显的遗传分化模式，且各品种遗传关系与其品种传统分类结果基本一致。本研究为进一步研究TYRP1基因对绵羊毛色遗传性状的影响提供了参考依据。 相似文献
8.
以影响布鲁拉美利奴羊繁殖力的骨形态发生蛋白受体-IB (bone morpho-genetic protein receptor-IB, BMPR-IB) 基因为候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法对策勒黑羊中BMPR-IB基因的多态性进行了研究。结果表明,在随机选取的100只策勒黑羊中检测到BB、B+和++ 3种基因型,其中BB、B+、++基因型频率分别为0.10、0.43和0.47,B基因频率为0.315,+基因频率为0.685,处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。推测BMPR-IB基因可能是影响策勒黑羊多羔性状的候选基因之一。 相似文献
9.
Polymorphisms in the PRNP gene have both an influence on the progress of scrapie and also of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in sheep. In the light that sheep are potentially susceptible to BSE the goal of this project was to characterize 50 animals of each of the four major Swiss sheep breeds, namely Swiss Oxford Down, Swiss Black‐Brown Mountain, Valais Blacknose and Swiss White Alpine with respect to polymorphisms in the PRNP region. A 628‐bp fragment of exon 3 of PRNP comprising codons 112–211 was amplified by PCR and analysed by direct sequencing. Heterozygous genotypes were further verified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. Polymorphisms could be observed at codons 112, 136, 137, 141, 143, 154 and 171 but not at codons 138, 151 and 211. One of the scrapie cases in Switzerland, a sheep of Swiss White Alpine, was also genotyped. Based on the polymorphisms observed at codons 136, 154 and 171 all four sheep breeds should be considered potentially susceptible to scrapie and BSE. 相似文献
10.
Assessment of Genetic Variability in the Coding Sequence of Melatonin Receptor Gene (MTNR1A) in Tropical Arid Sheep Breeds of India 
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下载免费PDF全文 VK Saxena BK Jha AS Meena HK Narula D Kumar SMK Naqvi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):517-521
Seasonal behaviour in sheep, which varies in tropical and temperate environmental conditions, is a matter of study, because it can provide a clue to address the problem of seasonality in sheep. Melatonin receptor is the membrane‐bound G‐coupled receptor, sensing the message of photoperiodic cues thorough melatonin. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies were carried out to assess the variability of gene at G612A and C606T SNPs in MTNR1A gene, which have been studied to be markers for out‐of‐season breeding. Allelic frequency distribution corresponded to higher frequency of GG and CC genotype, in tropical arid sheep breed in comparison with temperate region sheep breed. PCR amplification of MTNR1A gene of 30 animals was performed and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identification was carried out using Lasergene software. Seven SNPs/mutations were identified, but most of them were synonymous, except the one G706A, leading to substitution of valine by isoleucine. Polyphen‐2 analysis of G706A mutation revealed that it is a benign mutation. Two important SNPs C426T and G555A, which were identified in temperate sheep breeds, could not be traced in Magra and Marwari breeds of sheep. Thus, the Magra and Marwari breeds of tropical, arid region demonstrated the presence of both polymorphic SNPs markers G612A and C606T, associated with out‐of‐season breeding. GG and CC genotypes were having a higher prevalence in the studied population. 相似文献
11.
以绵羊BMPR-IB基因为主效基因.以中国美利奴羊(新疆军垦型)多胎品系为研究对象,应用Genopro软件绘制多胎品系绵羊的系谱.记录母羊产羔数.采用PCR-RFLP方法对BMPR-IB基因进行基因型分型.分析多胎性状的分离规律,研究BMPR-IB基因型分布与以多胎性能为目标的品系培育的相关性.结果表明,在品系培育中,BMPR-IB基因的表型符合孟德尔遗传分离模式,增加绵羊产羔数由常染色体突变所致,BMPR-IB基因可以用于对绵羊产羔数的选择. 相似文献
12.
我国6个绵(山)羊群体遗传分化的微卫星分析 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
为进一步了解我国绵(山)羊群体的品种特性及其遗传分化,本文利用微卫星标记对我国6个绵(山)羊群体遗传分化进行了分析。采用中心产区典型群随机抽样方法用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测乌珠穆沁羊7个微卫星位点,并引用同实验室小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊、长江三角洲白山羊(参照群体)的相关资料进行群体遗传分化水平分析。研究表明:7个微卫星位点在乌珠穆沁羊、小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊、山羊这6个品种中均存在遗传多态性,各座位等位基因均较丰富。根据标准遗传距离、DA遗传距离以及模糊相容关系进行聚类分析,湖羊与同羊首先聚为一类,乌珠穆沁羊和小尾寒羊聚为一类,然后与滩羊聚为一类,5个绵羊品种最后与山羊相聚。 相似文献
13.
绵羊雌激素受体基因外显子4多态性分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
根据GenBank发表的人、鸡、大鼠雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ESR)基因外显子4的序列设计1对引物,采用PCR SSCP技术分析ESR基因外显子4在高繁殖力绵羊品种（小尾寒羊和湖羊）和低繁殖力绵羊品种（特克塞尔、中国美利奴、考力代和杜泊）中的单核苷酸多态性,同时研究该基因对小尾寒羊高繁殖力的影响。结果表明,ESR基因的此对引物扩增片段在所检测的6个绵羊品种中均不存在PCR SSCP多态性,说明所检测的ESR基因外显子4序列比较保守,该区域可能不是影响绵羊高繁殖力的功能结构域。 相似文献
14.
试验旨在分析6个绵羊群体骨形态蛋白受体1B（bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1B，BMPR-1B）基因多态性，为绵羊繁殖力的标记辅助选择和育种提供理论依据。采集新吉细毛羊、中国美利奴羊（无角型）、东北细毛羊、杜×寒杂交羊（F1）、杜×寒杂交羊（F3）、白头杜泊羊6个绵羊群体共381只个体的血样，通过PCR-RFLP技术检测BMPR-1B基因多态性，并用DNAStar软件预测蛋白质二级结构，利用Excel 2003软件计算基因频率、基因型频率、Hardy-Weinberg平衡，以及遗传多样性参数（杂合度（He）、纯合度（Ho）、有效等位基因数（Ne）和多态信息含量（PIC））。结果显示，新吉细毛羊、东北细毛羊、中国美利奴羊（无角型）、白头杜泊羊BMPR-1B基因均不存在多态性；杜×寒杂交羊（F1）、杜×寒杂交羊（F3）具有多态性，存在3种基因型：++、B+和BB。杜×寒杂交羊（F1）χ2值达到显著水平，处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态；杜×寒杂交羊（F3）χ2值未达到显著水平，处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。杜×寒杂交羊（F1）、杜×寒杂交羊（F3）的PIC分别为0.311和0.264，为中度多态。推测BMPR-1B基因不是新吉细毛羊、东北细毛羊、中国美利奴羊（无角型）、白头杜泊羊4个绵羊群体多胎性状的主效基因，但可作为杜×寒杂交羊（F1）、杜×寒杂交羊（F3）多胎性状的主效基因。 相似文献
15.
不同绵羊品种FGF5基因的多态性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据人和小鼠成纤维细胞生长因子5（FGFS）基因的同源序列设计引物对绵羊基因组进行PCR扩增，将扩增片段进行克隆和测序，并与人和小鼠的成纤维细胞生长因子5基因序列进行同源性比较，确定扩增的片段为绵羊的FGF5基因片段。采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了FGF5基因外显子在小尾寒羊、湖羊、藏羊、中国美利奴等4个绵羊品种的多态性。结果表明：FGF5基因在P1和P2引物扩增片段中存在PCR-SSCP多态性。经克隆测序分析，位于外显子1的引物1扩增产物存在G→T突变，该突变位点使编码的氨基酸发生A→S的改变；引物2扩增产物发生了碱基序列C→T的突变，这一突变位点没有引起编码氨基酸的改变，属于同义突变。对不同绵羊品种的基因型和基因频率统计结果表明，引物1扩增产物小尾寒羊、湖羊、藏羊以等位基因A为主，而中国美利奴羊则以等位基因B为主，且各群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡；引物2扩增产物小尾寒羊、湖羊、中国美利奴羊均以等位基因E为主，而藏羊的基因型频率与其它品种有显著差异，中国美利奴羊在引物2位点的基因频率处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态。 相似文献
16.
细毛羊KRT26基因多态性及其与羊毛细度的关联性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在揭示影响绵羊重要经济性状的功能基因的分子遗传特征及其与细毛羊群体的遗传关系,为高效选育绵羊品种经济性状及其种质资源的保护与利用提供分子遗传学依据。试验利用PCR-SSCP、DNA测序和生物信息学对289个细毛羊的KRT26基因进行遗传变异分析及其与细毛羊羊毛细度的关联性分析。结果表明,KRT26基因在该细毛羊群体中存在AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.221、0.426和0.353,A、B等位基因频率分别为0.434、0.566,细毛羊群体的多态信息含量为0.371,呈中度多态水平,且处于Hardy-Weinberg非平衡状态(P0.05)。经过BioEdit软件比对序列和Chromas软件分析测序结果显示,KRT26基因发现5处碱基突变:83bp(G/C)、86bp(T/C)、112bp(C/T)、140bp(G/A)和247bp(C/T),并通过氨基酸序列的比对结果表明,2处发生了氨基酸的替代,即Val/Ile和Asn/Lys。KRT26基因在细毛羊群体中AA基因型个体极显著高于AB和BB基因型(P0.01)。因此,KRT26基因可能作为羊毛细度性状的一个新的分子标记。 相似文献
17.
《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2015,163(3-4):125-133
The Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) genes are able to inhibit the replication of a wide range of exogenous retroviruses, as well as endogenous retroviruses and retrotransposons.Three APOBEC3 genes, named APOBEC3Z1, APOBEC3Z2 and APOBEC3Z3, have been described in sheep.In this work the three genes have been screened in order to identify polymorphisms. No polymorphism was detected for the A3Z2 and A3Z3 genes but 16 SNPs and a 3-bp deletion were found in the A3Z1 gene. A thermoestability prediction analysis was applied to the detected amino acidic SNPs by three different programs. This analysis revealed a number of polymorphisms that could affect the protein stability. The SNPs of the 3′UTR were tested to detect alterations on the predicted microRNA target sites. Two new microRNA target sites were discovered for one of the alleles.Two SNPs were selected for association studies in relation with the retroviral disease Visna/Maedi in Latxa and Assaf sheep breeds. Although association analyses resulted unconclusive, probably due to the unsuitability of the SNP allele frequency distribution of the selected polymorphisms in the analyzed breeds, these genes remain good candidates for association studies. 相似文献
18.
本研究旨在检测新吉细毛羊、中国美利奴羊（无角型）、东北细毛羊、杜×寒杂交羊（F1）、杜×寒杂交羊（F3）、白头杜泊羊6个绵羊群体骨形态发生蛋白15（bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15）、生长分化因子9（growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9）基因的多态性,为绵羊繁殖力的标记辅助选择和育种提供理论依据。以6个绵羊群体共378只个体为研究对象,利用PCR-SSCP技术检测BMP15、GDF9基因多态性;用DNAStar软件与I-TASSER软件预测蛋白质二级结构和三级结构;计算基因频率、基因型频率、Hardy-Weinberg平衡、杂合度（He）、纯合度（Ho）、有效等位基因数（Ne）和多态信息含量（PIC）。运用GraphPad Prism 6软件对新吉细毛羊群体BMP15基因多态性与产羔数进行相关性分析。结果显示,BMP15基因P1引物扩增片段存在多态性,6个群体共呈现3种基因型：AA、AC、CC,该突变为BMP15基因外显子1上58-60 bp 3个碱基（CTT）缺失,新吉细毛羊、杜×寒杂交羊（F3）、白头杜泊羊的χ2值均达到显著水平,处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态,不同基因型间新吉细毛羊平均产羔数差异均不显著（P>0.05）;GDF9基因P2引物扩增片段存在多态性,6个群体共呈现3种基因型：DD、DE、EE,其中新吉细毛羊仅有1种基因型：DD,该突变为GDF9基因外显子2上477 bp处T→C的转换,该突变未导致氨基酸的改变,除新吉细毛羊外其余5个群体χ2值均未达到显著水平,处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,说明GDF9基因T477C突变不能作为新吉细毛羊多胎性状遗传标记位点。 相似文献
19.
Xin Liu Li Gang Wang Wei Zhen Luo Yong Li Jing Liang Hua Yan Ke Bin Zhao Li Xian Wang Long Chao Zhang 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(12):969-975
A high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array containing 62 163 markers was employed for a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with lean meat in ham (LMH, %) and lean meat percentage (LMP, %) within a porcine Large White × Minzhu intercross population. For each individual, LMH and LMP were measured after slaughter at the age of 240 ± 7 days. A total of 557 F2 animals were genotyped. The GWAS revealed that 21 SNPs showed significant genome‐wide or chromosome‐wide associations with LMH and LMP by the Genome‐wide Rapid Association using Mixed Model and Regression‐Genomic Control approach. Nineteen significant genome‐wide SNPs were mapped to the distal end of Sus Scrofa Chromosome (SSC) 2, where a major known gene responsible for muscle mass, IGF2 is located. A conditioned analysis, in which the genotype of the strongest associated SNP is included as a fixed effect in the model, showed that those significant SNPs on SSC2 were derived from a single quantitative trait locus. The two chromosome‐wide association SNPs on SSC1 disappeared after conditioned analysis suggested the association signal is a false association derived from using a F2 population. The present result is expected to lead to novel insights into muscle mass in different pig breeds and lays a preliminary foundation for follow‐up studies for identification of causal mutations for subsequent application in marker‐assisted selection programs for improving muscle mass in pigs. 相似文献
20.
为了研究音猬因子(sonic hedgehog, SHH)在不同品种绵羊背部皮肤中的表达差异,以探索SHH与羊毛弯曲形成的关系,选取美利奴羊和小尾寒羊作为研究对象,利用HE染色法观察2种绵羊背部皮肤的组织结构,采用免疫组织化学技术、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot方法探究2种绵羊背部皮肤中SHH蛋白和基因水平的相对表达量差异。结果显示:HE染色显示美利奴羊与小尾寒羊背部皮肤毛囊的组织结构存在毛囊数量及弯曲程度等差异;免疫组织化学试验显示,SHH蛋白在美利奴羊和小尾寒羊背部皮肤中均有表达,在美利奴羊背部皮肤中的毛乳头、毛基质、内外根鞘、皮脂腺和表皮细胞中显著表达,在小尾寒羊背部皮肤中的毛基质、内外根鞘和皮脂腺中显著表达;光密度分析显示,美利奴羊背部皮肤组织中SHH蛋白的表达量显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.001);实时荧光定量PCR显示,美利奴羊SHH mRNA相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01);Western blot显示,美利奴羊SHH蛋白相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01)。提示:羊毛弯曲的形成与其组织结构有关,并受SHH的调控。 相似文献