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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(4)
本试验旨在研究低磷饲粮中添加不同浓度的植酸酶对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和粪便中矿物元素排泄量的影响。试验选用112头初始重为35~40 kg的健康长×大二元杂交生长猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复7头生长猪。阳性对照组饲喂常磷饲粮,阴性对照组饲喂低磷饲粮,试验组在低磷饲粮基础上分别添加500、1 000 U/kg的植酸酶。结果表明:相比于不添加植酸酶的低磷饲粮组,低磷饲粮+植酸酶组显著提高了生长猪的日增重、降低了耗料增重比(P0.05),显著提高了灰分和磷的表观消化率、苯丙氨酸和半胱氨酸的表观消化率(P0.05),显著提高了铜、铁、锰、镁和钴的表观消化率(P0.05),显著降低了粪便中磷、铜、铁、锰和钴的排泄量(P0.05)。由此可知,玉米-豆粕型低磷饲粮中添加植酸酶能够显著改善生长猪的生长性能、提高养分表观消化率、减少粪便中矿物元素的排泄量;在本试验条件下,生长猪饲喂有效磷2.4 g/kg的玉米-豆粕型饲粮时,添加500 U/kg植酸酶可达到与常磷饲粮相同的生长性能,添加1 000 U/kg植酸酶时养分表观消化率提高更明显。 相似文献
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为探讨含高木薯渣饲料中添加纤维素酶对生长猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响。试验选择健康、体重24kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪72头,随机分为2个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复12头猪,进行30d的饲养试验。对照组饲喂含10%木薯渣基础饲粮,试验组饲粮中添加200g/t纤维素酶。结果表明,高木薯渣饲粮中添加纤维素酶可显著提高试猪平均日增重(P0.05),降低料重比(P0.05);并明显改善饲粮中粗蛋白和粗纤维的消化率(P0.05),对干物质和能量表观消化率也有一定改善,但与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。提示在含较高木薯渣饲粮中添加纤维素酶可降解部分纤维素,从而消除纤维素的抗营养作用,提高饲粮干物质、粗蛋白质和能量的表观消化率,促进试猪生长。 相似文献
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为研究小肽、牛至油及相互作用对生长肥育猪生长性能和消化性能的影响,试验采用单因子随机分组设计,选取120头体质量相近且健康的(长×大)二元杂猪,随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每重复10头猪。4组分别在基础日粮中添加抗生素、小肽、牛至油和小肽+牛至油,对猪群进行20~40 kg、40~60 kg和60~90 kg 3个阶段的试验。通过测定分析其生长性能、饲料消化率和消化代谢相关血液生化指标得出:在20~40 kg小猪阶段,添加小肽+牛至油可以达到最好的生长性能和血液生化指标及较好饲料消化率;在40~60 kg中猪阶段,添加小肽可以达到最好的生长性能及较好饲料消化率和较好的血液生化指标;在60~90 kg大猪阶段,添加抗生素可以达到最好的生长性能、饲料消化率和较好的血液生化指标。 相似文献
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本试验采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响。选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。5个处理组分别为对照组(玉米-豆粕型、基础日粮)、试验1组(对照基础日粮+100g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅰ)、试验2组(对照基础日粮+100g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)、试验3组(对照基础日粮+150g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)、试验4组(对照基础日粮+200g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)。结果表明:复合酶Ⅱ能显著提高断奶仔猪粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、磷的表观消化率(P0.05)。 相似文献
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为了研究益生菌制剂对生长后期育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响,试验选择出栏前60天左右育肥猪54头,随机分成3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮中添加3 g/kg的益生菌制剂A(枯草芽孢杆菌数为1×10~7cfu/kg),试验2组在基础日粮中添加3 g/kg的益生菌制剂B(乳酸菌数为1×108cfu/kg、枯草芽孢杆菌数为1×10~(10)cfu/kg、酵母菌数为1×10~(10)cfu/kg)。测定各组生长后期育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率。预试期5 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:在整个试验期间,试验1组和试验2组育肥猪在平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比等方面与对照组比较均差异不显著(P0. 05);试验1组和试验2组粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率略高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0. 05)。说明在本试验中,益生菌制剂对生长后期育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的作用效果不显著。 相似文献
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为研究低营养水平饲粮添加单一或复合非淀粉多糖酶对生长肥育猪生长性能、养分消化率和肉品质的影响,试验选择体重(47.5±1.3)kg的200头健康杜长大三元杂种生长猪,按体重相近、公母各半的原则,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头生长猪。正对照组饲喂基础饲粮,负对照组饲喂低营养水平饲粮,单一酶制剂组饲喂负对照组饲粮+500 g/t甘露聚糖酶,复合酶制剂组饲喂负对照组饲粮+500 g/t复合非淀粉多糖酶(主要为甘露聚糖酶和半乳糖苷酶)。预试期3 d,正式试验期70 d。结果表明:1)与负对照组相比,正对照组、单一酶制剂组和复合酶制剂组显著提高了末重、日增重,并显著降低了料重比;2)35 d时,正对照组和单一酶制剂组对干物质的表观消化率显著高于负对照组和复合酶制剂组(P<0.05);3)35 d时,正对照组和复合酶制剂组对氮和总能的表观消化率显著高于负对照组和单一酶制剂组(P<0.05);4)各处理组对猪肉品质无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验结果表明在该试验条件下,低营养水平饲粮降低了生长肥育猪的生长性能和养分表观消化率,而在生长肥育猪低营养水平饲粮中添加单一或复合非淀粉多糖酶都可以部分提高生长性能和养分表观消化率,且对猪肉品质无影响。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究水合硅铝酸钠钙(HSCAS)对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及抗氧化能力的影响。选择(48.0±10.0)kg的健康"杜×长×大"生长猪45头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.25%和2.50%HSCAS的饲粮。试验期为70d,分为48～80kg(前期)和81～110kg(后期)2阶段进行。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加0.25%HSCAS对猪生长性能、血清尿素氮(UN)含量和抗氧化能力均无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著降低了后期粗蛋白质(CP)和能量的表观消化率(P<0.05);2)与对照组相比,添加2.50%HSCAS显著提高了后期和全期的料重比(P<0.05),显著提高了血清UN含量(P<0.05),显著降低了后期生长育肥猪CP、粗灰分和能量的表观消化率、血清超氧化物歧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加0.25%HSCAS对生长育肥猪的生长和健康无明显影响,但添加量达到2.50%可显著降低其生长性能、养分表观消化率和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2020,(18)
文章旨在评估不同消化能日粮补充β-甘露聚糖酶对生长猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择体重接近的1152头杜×长×大猪用于两个试验。试验1:将576头猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复24头猪,分别饲喂基础日粮及基础日粮+0、150、300和450U/kg的β-甘露聚糖酶。试验2分组同试验1,试验日粮采用2(3250和3400kcal/kg消化能)×2(0和300U/kgβ-甘露聚糖酶)因子设计。结果 :随着日粮β-甘露聚糖酶添加水平的升高,15～28d以及1～28d猪的日增重表现为显著二次曲线效应(P 0.05),而料重比表现为显著线性和二次曲线效应(P 0.05)。随着日粮β-甘露聚糖酶添加水平的升高,13～14d和27～28d猪对干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、钙和磷表观消化率显著提高(P 0.05)。日粮补充β-甘露聚糖酶或高消化能日粮显著提高了各阶段猪的日增重、改善了料重比及提高干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、磷和总能表观消化率(P 0.05)。结论:本试验条件下,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中补充300U/kgβ-甘露聚糖酶可以通过提高生长猪的养分表观消化率来提高生长性能。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究在小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对生长猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及肠道微生物菌群的影响,探讨适宜的木聚糖酶添加水平。选择80头健康、平均体重40 kg的"杜×长×大"生长猪,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪。正对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,负对照组饲喂小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮,木聚糖酶组分别饲喂在负对照基础饲粮上添加500、1 000和2 000 U/kg木聚糖酶的试验饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶可极显著提高生长猪平均日增重(P<0.01),显著或极显著提高平均日采食量和营养物质表观消化率(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中2 000 U/kg木聚糖酶组效果最好,平均日增重和平均日采食量分别提高了26.0%和16.5%(P<0.01);2)小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶显著或极显著提高了生长猪血清葡萄糖、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸和D-木糖含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),极显著降低血清尿素氮含量(P<0.01);3)饲粮组成和木聚糖酶可显著影响猪肠道微生物菌群,添加木聚糖酶可维持动物肠道微生物菌群的平衡,2 000 U/kg木聚糖酶组肠道菌群结构和玉米-豆粕饲粮饲喂条件下接近。由此可见,添加2 000 U/kg的木聚糖酶可显著改善饲喂小麦基础饲粮生长猪的生长性能和营养物质表观消化率,维持肠道微生物菌群的平衡。在木聚糖含量为11.2%的生长猪小麦基础饲粮中,木聚糖酶的适宜添加水平为2 000 U/kg。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对9～24周龄育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化及粪便特征的影响。将600头9周龄平均初始体重为（22.96±0.09）kg的商品猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复40头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1和T2组肥猪分别饲喂基础日粮+100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）,试验共进行15周。结果：与对照组相比,T2组15?w育肥猪体重显著提高4.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组1～15?w育肥猪的平均日增重较对照组分别显著提高3.81%和5.35%（P＜0.05）,饲料报酬分别显著提高4.44%和4.44%（P＜0.05）。T1和T2组育肥猪干物质表观消化率分别较对照组显著提高8.75%和9.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1组育肥猪有机物表观消化率较对照组显著提高了6.13%（P＜0.05）。日粮添加100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌可以显著降低6和15?w育肥猪粪便中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组15?w育肥猪粪便中乳酸杆菌数量也显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加100～200?mg/kg饲用枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）可改善9～24周龄育肥猪的饲料报酬,改善干物质表观消化率,降低粪中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量。
[关键词]育肥猪|枯草芽孢杆菌|生长性能|养分消化|粪便特征 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究生长猪基础饲粮组成对磷酸氢钙(DCP)和磷酸二氢钙(MCP)中磷的全肠道真消化率(TTTD)的影响。试验1选用10头平均体重为(30.4±1.8)kg的生长猪,按照10×8不完全拉丁方设计,分别饲喂含有5个DCP添加水平的玉米-豆粕型和含有5个DCP添加水平的小麦-豆粕型饲粮,进行8期消化试验;试验2选用10头平均体重为(30.9±1.5)kg的生长猪,按照10×8不完全拉丁方设计,分别饲喂含有5个M CP添加水平的玉米-豆粕型和含有5个MCP添加水平的小麦-豆粕型饲粮,进行8期消化试验。每期消化试验包括5 d的饲粮适应期和2 d的粪便收集期。结果表明:1)玉米-豆粕型饲粮的总粪磷排泄量极显著高于小麦-豆粕型饲粮(P0.01),小麦-豆粕型饲粮的全肠道可消化磷含量和磷的表观全肠道消化率(ATTD)极显著高于玉米-豆粕型饲粮(P0.01)。饲粮添加DCP和MCP线性增加总粪磷排泄量、全肠道可消化磷含量及磷的ATTD(P0.01)。2)通过使用线性回归法,测得生长猪采食玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型饲粮对DCP中磷的TTTD分别为82.33%和82.88%,生长猪采食玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型饲粮对MCP中磷的TTTD分别为85.88%和84.62%。由此可见,生长猪基础饲粮组成对DCP和MCP中磷的TTTD无显著影响。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究猪的生长阶段对饲料磷的全肠道消化率的影响。选用初始平均体重分别为27.2、59.1、103.1kg的生长育肥猪各16头,根据体重随机分为低磷饲粮组和高磷饲粮组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。低磷饲粮为无磷酸氢钙(DCP)的玉米-豆粕型饲粮,饲粮总磷浓度为3.3 g/kg,在低磷饲粮中添加14.5g/kgDCP构成总磷浓度为5.9 g/kg的高磷饲粮。采用全收粪法测定总磷的表观全肠道消化率(ATTD),采用差量法计算DCP中磷的全肠道真消化率(TTTD)。试验共12 d,包括5 d适应期和7 d粪样收集期。结果表明:高磷饲粮组的可消化磷含量和总磷的ATTD均显著高于低磷饲粮组(P<0.05);饲喂高磷饲粮时,不同生长阶段猪磷的ATTD无显著差异(P>0.1);饲喂低磷饲粮时,育肥猪磷的ATTD显著高于生长猪和生长育肥猪(P<0.05);虽然饲粮总磷的ATTD受生长阶段影响(P<0.05),但生长阶段对DCP中磷的TTTD无显著影响(P>0.1)。由此可见,猪的生长阶段显著影响植物性饲料原料中磷的消化利用率,但对DCP中磷的消化利用率无显著影响。 相似文献
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本研究旨在通过猪消化代谢试验测定浓缩脱酚棉籽蛋白(CDCP)生长猪消化能,同时研究其对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响。试验选取65日龄、体重(38.80±2.60)kg的“杜×(长×大)”健康阉公猪8头,随机分成2组(每组4个重复,每个重复1头猪),分别饲喂基础饲粮和试验饲粮(80%基础饲粮+20%CDCP),单笼饲养,采用交叉法进行消化代谢试验测定消化能。然后选取(31±2)日龄、体重(10.00±0.60)kg的“杜×(长×大)”健康仔猪132头,按随机区组设计分成2组(对照组和CDCP组),每组6个重复,每个重复11头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(鱼粉用量为4%),CDCP组饲喂试验饲粮(利用CDCP完全替代基础饲粮中的鱼粉),2种饲粮消化能和回肠标准可消化赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸水平均满足或超过NRC(2012)仔猪营养需要。试验期28 d。结果显示:生长猪对CDCP的能量表观消化率为86.64%,消化能为15.61 MJ/kg。2组仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、腹泻率和血清生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);CDCP组的能量和粗脂肪表观消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而2组干物质、粗蛋白质和粗灰分表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,CDCP生长猪消化能为15.61 MJ/kg。在消化能和回肠标准可消化赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸水平满足或超过NRC(2012)条件下,CDCP替代饲粮中鱼粉不影响仔猪的生长性能。 相似文献
16.
Effects of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal on nutrient digestibility,growth performance and serum parameters in growing pigs 
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下载免费PDF全文 Changyou Shi Jun He Jianping Wang Jie Yu Bing Yu Xiangbing Mao Ping Zheng Zhiqing Huang Daiwen Chen 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):557-563
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 72 growing pigs (body weight = 40.8 ± 2.1 kg) were used in feeding trials, lasting for up to 42 days, and were randomly allotted to one of three diets, including a corn‐soybean meal control diet as well as two experimental diets containing 10% unfermented rapeseed meal (RSM) or 10% FRSM. The results showed that average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of pigs fed FRSM were superior (P < 0.05) to that of pigs fed unfermented RSM and did not differ from the control. Pigs fed control diet had higher (P < 0.05) total tract apparent digestibility for dry matter, protein, calcium and phosphorus than pigs fed unfermented RSM diet and did not differ from the FRSM diet. Pigs fed FRSM had lower levels (P < 0.05) of serum aspartate transaminase compared to unfermented RSM. In conclusion, solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger may improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of RSM for pigs and FRSM is a promising alternative protein for pig production. 相似文献
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氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用24头断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,将过氧化物值(POV)为11.78meqO2/kg的新鲜鱼油(FFO)和POV分别为399.81、701.62、1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油(OFO)以3%的比例加入到断奶仔猪日粮中,饲喂4周,旨在建立以氧化油脂为氧化应激源的氧化应激动物模型,初探氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响。结果表明,氧化应激降低试验猪只生产性能和养分利用率。与FFO组相比,以POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油作用效果最明显。该过氧化程度的氧化鱼油可使平均日增重降低8.16%,饲料增重比提高9.22%(P<0.05);氮表观消化率和表观利用率分别下降21.91%(P<0.001)和30.55%(P<0.001);干物质和粗脂肪表观消化率分别降低13.05%(P<0.05)和35.18%(P<0.05)。结论:在断奶仔猪日粮中添加3%的POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油可诱导氧化应激,引起生产性能和养分利用率的下降。 相似文献
18.
Xiao LI Xiao MIN Jin XIAO Kiyonori KAWASAKI Naoko OHTA Ei SAKAGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(8):605-609
The effect of D‐mannitol as an indigestible sugar on apparent digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen (N) utilization and growth performance, have been investigated in growing rabbits fed a urea‐containing diet. In experiment 1, 40‐day‐old male rabbits were fed a commercial diet with urea 10 g/kg with added glucose or D‐mannitol 60 g/kg each. Thereafter, in experiment 2 the rabbits aged 55 days were fed a commercial diet with or without urea 10 g/kg. Feed restriction at 55 g/kg0.75/day was carried out in both experiments. Addition of D‐mannitol to the urea‐containing diet decreased urinary N excretion, which consequently increased N retention and ratios of retained N to consumed N or apparently absorbed N. Addition of urea alone to the diet increased daily N intake and urinary N excretion but did not affect N retention. Weight gain and feed efficiency were improved by D‐mannitol feeding, whereas feeding with urea alone did not affect these parameters. Utilization of dietary urea was enhanced in growing rabbits fed the urea‐containing diet with D‐mannitol, resulting in improvement of N retention and growth performance. 相似文献
19.
A total of 150 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of 7.22 ± 0.80 kg (21 d of age) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the effects of dietary fructan and mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs. Pigs were allotted randomly to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC), basal diet; 2) positive control (PC), NC + 0.01% apramycin (165 mg/kg); 3) NC + 0.1% fructan (FC); 4) NC + 0.1% mannan oligosaccharide source (MO); and 5) NC + 0.05% fructan + 0.05% mannan oligosaccharide source (FM). There were 3 replications per treatment with 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). From d 0 to 14, ADG and ADFI of pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. From d 15 to 28, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in ADG, ADFI, and G:F. During the overall period (d 0 to 28), pigs fed the MO diet had a greater ADG than pigs fed the NC diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the PC and MO diets increased ADFI (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. However, no differences were detected among dietary treatments in G:F during the overall experimental period. On d 14, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N in pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets was greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. The ATTD of DM increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the MO and FM diets compared with pigs fed the FC diet. However, at the end of the experiment, pigs fed the FM diet had a greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Additionally, there were no differences in IgG, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocyte counts among dietary treatments on d 0, 14, or 28. The diarrhea score in pigs fed the MO diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. In conclusion, mannan oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. Furthermore, mannan oligosaccharides can decrease diarrhea score in weanling pigs. 相似文献
20.
The influence of dietary nutrient concentration on growth performance, manure composition, and gas emission was studied in pigs in hot environmental conditions. A total of 64 intact males and 64 females [(Landrace × Large White) × Pietrain] weighing 63.1 ± 9.7 kg were divided into 2 dietary treatments: high (HD: 14.39 MJ of DE/kg and 1.11% Lys) and low (LD: 13.97 MJ of DE/kg and 1.01% Lys) in energy and Lys contents. Pigs were allocated to 32 split-sex pens with 4 pigs/pen and 16 pens/treatment. Average productive performance was recorded for 41 d (phase 1). After phase 1, 12 females of 103.3 ± 3.15 kg (6 per treatment) were selected and housed individually, and feces and slurry were collected during 3 and 4 consecutive days, respectively, to calculate nutrient digestibility and measure gas emissions (phase 2). For gas emission measurements, slurry was pooled by treatment and stored for 76 d. Initial composition of slurry and pH were analyzed. Maximum and minimum temperatures registered in the barn throughout the growing period were 35.1 and 18.1°C, respectively. Animals fed the HD diet grew more efficiently than pigs fed the LD diet (G:F, 0.43 vs. 0.40; SEM = 0.01; P < 0.05). Fat digestibility was greater in HD compared with LD pigs (88.0 vs. 84.9%; SEM = 0.9; P < 0.05). Slurry from pigs fed the LD diet showed greater DM, OM, total N, and VFA contents than slurry from pigs fed the HD diet. Cumulative NH(3), CO(2), and especially CH(4) emissions were greater in the HD slurry compared with the LD slurry (192.4 vs. 210.g of NH(3)/m(3); 2,712 vs. 3,210 g of CO(2)/m(3); 1,502 vs. 2,647 mL of CH(4)/kg of OM). Increasing feed density in the present study led to a more efficient growth, a decreased nutrient concentration in the slurry, and a greater gas emission. 相似文献