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随着人民生活水平的提高，伴侣动物如犬、猫等受到越来越多家庭的喜爱，对于宠物粮食的需求也由传统粮食逐渐向能够改善其健康的功能粮方面转变。益生菌是一类能够在动物体内定植的活性微生物，具有调控肠道菌群平衡、维持动物机体健康、促进营养吸收等作用。文章对益生菌的定义、菌株选择标准及其在宠物粮食中的应用进行了综述，分析了不同加工方式可能对益生菌的影响，旨在科学合理地加工含益生菌的功能粮食，保证其生物活性，为改善宠物健康提供思路。 相似文献
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益生菌制剂治疗犬肠道疾病效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国工作犬业》2017,(12)
<正>益生菌是一类对机体有益的活性微生物,是定植于宿主肠道,改善肠道微生态平衡、发挥有益作用的活性有益微生物的总称。动物体内有益的细菌主要有:酪酸梭菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌等。为了验证益生菌在治疗犬的肠道疾病中的临床效果,作者于2017年1至5月,使用犬猫益生菌进行了临床应用,通过统计临床收集所有治疗病例,分析了该益生菌制剂的临床疗效,证实犬猫益生菌在治疗肠道疾病中具有显著疗效。 相似文献
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动物肠道益生菌在提高机体免疫力,抑制病原微生物生长,维持肠道微生态平衡,改善机体代谢等方面起着重要作用。随着人们对益生菌的研究不断深入,益生菌的抗病毒功能逐渐被人们所认识,益生菌抗病毒作用机理研究也成为研究的热点。本文对动物肠道益生菌的抗病毒作用机理进行总结概括。 相似文献
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近年来,随着各界对微生物功能的关注,人们对肠道微生物的研究也日益增多。在反刍动物的肠道中存在着大量的微生物,它们对宿主的营养代谢、免疫功能等起到了十分重要的作用,是影响机体健康的关键因素之一。肠道微生物受反刍动物的饲粮组成、年龄、基因型等因素的影响,而饲粮组成是影响肠道微生物最主要的因素,若饲粮改变,其中的粗纤维、蛋白质、碳水化合物等营养素均发生改变,肠道微生物也随之发生改变。反刍动物体内存在的有益微生物(如瘤胃球菌、藤黄微球菌、牛肠球菌等)对动物机体有积极的作用,而一些有害菌(如梭菌、苏黎世杆菌等)会破坏反刍动物体内环境的稳态,使机体免疫力、抗病力下降,容易产生疾病,严重影响反刍动物的健康。此外,除了肠道微生物会影响反刍动物机体健康外,益生菌和营养素也对反刍动物机体健康起到调控作用,而一般的措施都是在反刍动物饲粮中添加有益益生菌或营养素饲粮,这样既能补充日常的营养水平,也能防止有害微生物的增生,从而保障反刍动物机体的健康。作者综述了影响反刍动物肠道微生物的因素,以及益生菌和营养素对反刍动物健康生产的作用,旨在为合理调控反刍动物肠道微生物区系及为其健康发展提供理论参考,进而促进畜牧业的... 相似文献
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益生菌、益生素及合生剂的作用机理和相互关系 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
1 益生菌益生菌的定义很多 ,其中较科学且应用最广的是Ｆｕｌｌｅｒ(1 989)的定义 ,即益生菌是有利于宿主肠道微生物平衡的活菌食品或饲料添加剂。益生菌是添加于人的食品或动物的饲料中并作用于消化道 ,能够提高人或动物健康水平的活菌制剂。它既可以是单一菌株 ,也可以是多种菌株的发酵产物。作为益生菌的细菌必须具备以下条件 :1 )对宿主有益 ;2 )无毒性作用和无致病作用 ;3)能在动物消化道存活 ;4)能适应胃酸和胆盐 ;5)能在消化道表面定植 ;6)能够产生有用的酶类和代谢物 ;7)在加工和贮存过程中能保持活性 ;8)具有良好的感官特性 ;9)来… 相似文献
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乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)是动物机体内正常的生理菌群之一[1]。乳酸菌在肠道中繁殖达到一定数量时,就能改善和调节宿主体内微生物菌群的平衡,对宿主健康产生有益的作用[2]。乳酸菌等益生菌能否发挥作用,取决于菌株能否通过胃的酸性环境以活菌的状态到达小肠,从而发挥微生态调整的功能[3]。因此,对具有抗酸及抗胆盐能力的菌株而言是最佳载 相似文献
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It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found. 相似文献
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益生菌是一类有益于宿主健康的活性微生物,可以通过调节家兔肠道菌群的平衡和增强肠道屏障功能来发挥作用,能够抑制有害菌的生长,提高消化道内营养物质的吸收利用,增强免疫系统的功能,从而维持肠道健康。本文从益生菌对家兔肠道菌群的影响,益生菌治疗机制的探索等方面探讨益生菌在恢复家兔肠道菌群平衡和解决腹泻中的作用,分析了当前研究的局限性和未来研究方向,有助于推动益生菌在家兔腹泻治疗中的临床应用,为家兔肠道健康提供更全面的保障。 相似文献
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A. Schoster J.S. Weese L. Guardabassi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1640-1652
The gastrointestinal microbiota is extremely important for human and animal health. Investigations into the composition of the microbiota and its therapeutic modification have received increasing interest in human and veterinary medicine. Probiotics are a way of modifying the microbiota and have been tested to prevent and treat diseases. Probiotics are proposed to exert their beneficial effects through various pathways. Production of antimicrobial compounds targeting intestinal pathogens, general immune stimulation, and colonization resistance are among these mechanisms. Despite widespread availability and use, scientific, peer‐reviewed evidence behind commercial probiotic formulations in horses is limited. Additionally, quality control of commercial over‐the‐counter products is not tightly regulated. Although promising in vitro results have been achieved, in vivo health benefits have been more difficult to prove. Whether the ambiguous results are caused by strain selection, dosage selection or true lack of efficacy remains to be answered. Although these limitations exist, probiotics are increasingly used because of their lack of severe adverse effects, ease of administration, and low cost. This review summarizes the current evidence for probiotic use in equine medicine. It aims to provide veterinarians with evidence‐based information on when and why probiotics are indicated for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in horses. The review also outlines the current state of knowledge on the equine microbiota and the potential of fecal microbial transplantation, as they relate to the topic of probiotics. 相似文献
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Finding antibiotic alternatives is a major issue in the breeding industry.Pediococcus, a kind of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria,is one of the probiotics allowed in the feed addition catalogue.A large number of studies have shown that Pediococcus has great application value in the food,medical and breeding industries.Their good colonization ability on the surface of the host intestinal mucosal cells reduces the adhesion of other bacteria.Meanwhile,Pediococcus is able to produce many antibacterial substances including pediocin,organic acids and hydrogen peroxide.Therefore,it's showing their good probiotic performance in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria,improving the intestinal microbial community structure,stimulating the host's immunity,promoting the health of farmed animals,and improving animal growth performance,However,compared with other probiotics,its degree of attention is not high.This article summarizes the types of bacteriostatic substances produced by Pediococcus and their bacteriostatic mechanisms,introduces Pediococcus's adhesion and immune regulation,and the application of Pediococcus in the production of animals such as pigs and chickens.The aim was to provide a theoretical reference for Pediococcus's reasonable application in animal production.The results discussed in this article indicated that Pediococcus had broad-spectrum,stable bacteriostatic effects and rich probiotic properties.It's beneficial to the healthy growth of livestock and poultry,prevents pathogenic bacterial infections,and reduces the incidence of diseases.Therefore,Pediococcus is worth increasing its promotion and application. 相似文献
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寻找抗生素替代品是养殖业面临的一大课题。片球菌（Pediococcus）是饲料添加目录中允许的益生菌之一,它是一种革兰氏阳性乳酸菌。大量研究表明,片球菌在食品、医疗和养殖行业中有着巨大的应用价值,它们在宿主肠道黏膜细胞表面具有的良好的定植能力,减少了其他细菌的黏附。同时,片球菌能够产生包括片球菌素、有机酸和过氧化氢在内的许多抗菌物质,因而在抑制病原菌生长、改善肠道微生物群落结构、刺激宿主免疫、促进养殖动物生产健康并提升动物生长性能等方面表现出良好的益生性能,但是相比较其他益生菌而言其关注程度不高。作者总结了片球菌产生抑菌物质的种类及其抑菌机制,介绍了片球菌的黏附和免疫调控作用方式,以及片球菌在猪和鸡等畜禽养殖动物生产上的应用,旨在为其在动物生产中的合理应用提供理论参考。片球菌具有广谱、稳定的抑菌效果,丰富的益生性能,它们有利于畜禽动物健康生长,预防病原菌感染,减少疾病发生,因此值得加大推广和应用的力度。 相似文献
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Probiotic alternatives to reduce gastrointestinal infections: the poultry experience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nava GM Bielke LR Callaway TR Castañeda MP 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2005,6(1):105-118
The intestinal mucosa represents the most active defense barrier against the continuous challenge of food antigens and pathogenic microorganisms present in the intestinal lumen. Protection against harmful agents is conferred by factors such as gastric acid, peristalsis, mucus, intestinal proteolysis, and the intestinal biota. The establishment of beneficial bacterial communities and metabolites from these complex ecosystems has varying consequences for host health. This hypothesis has led to the introduction of novel therapeutic interventions based on the consumption of beneficial bacterial cultures. Mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria affect the microecology of the gastrointestinal tract are not well understood, but at least three mechanisms of action have been proposed: production/presence of antibacterial substances (e.g., bacteriocins or colicins), modulation of immune responses and specific competition for adhesion receptors to intestinal epithelium. The rapid establishment of bacterial communities has been thought to be essential for the prevention of colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Some animal models suggest that the reduction in bacterial translocation in neonatal animals could be associated with an increase in intestinal bacterial communities and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by these species. This review emphasizes the role of the intestinal microbiota in the reduction of the gastrointestinal infections and draws heavily on studies in poultry. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2020,(1)
Early colonization of intestinal microbiota during the neonatal stage plays an important role on the development of intestinal immune system and nutrients absorption of the host. Compared to the normal birth weight(NBW)piglets, intrauterine growth restricted(IUGR) piglets have a different intestinal microbiota during their early life,which is related to maternal imprinting on intestinal microbial succession during gestation, at birth and via suckling.Imbalanced allocation of limited nutrients among fetuses during gestation could be one of the main causes for impaired intestinal development and microbiota colonization in neonatal IUGR piglets. In this review, we summarized the potential impact of maternal imprinting on the colonization of the intestinal microbiota in IUGR piglets, including maternal undernutrition, imbalanced allocation of nutrients among fetuses, as well as vertical microbial transmission from mother to offspring during gestation and lactation. At the same time, we give information about the current maternal nutritional strategies(mainly breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics) to help colonization of the advantageous intestinal microbiota for IUGR piglets. 相似文献
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姜黄素作为一种天然的多酚类植物提取物，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗应激和改善动物肠道健康等多种生物学功能，已成为一种绿色安全高效的饲料添加剂。近年研究表明，姜黄素与肠道菌群存在紧密的相互作用。姜黄素能调控肠道菌群的组成和多样性，肠道菌群则影响姜黄素的转化。这种双向调控作用或许是姜黄素发挥生理功能的关键。此外，姜黄素被证实通过不同的机制抵抗多种病毒的感染，提示其具有成为新型抗病毒药物的潜力。因此，本文主要综述了姜黄素与肠道菌群之间的相互作用及姜黄素抵抗不同病毒感染的相关机制，以期为深入了解姜黄素对改善动物健康的作用机制和开发新型绿色饲料添加剂提供理论依据。 相似文献