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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(3)
为了研究云南省肉牛地方品种与育成品种生产性能之间的差异,试验选择月龄相近、健康状况良好的文山牛、西门塔尔牛、云岭牛在相同营养水平和统一水平管理条件下进行育肥和屠宰,测定肉牛的生长性能、产肉性能,分析它们之间生产性能的差异。结果表明:文山牛体重曲线分布较广,个体间差异较大;云岭牛生长性能稳定;西门塔尔牛屠宰体重极显著高于文山牛、云岭牛(P0.01),但生长稳定性略低于云岭牛。3个品种牛1.0~1.5岁日增重差异不显著(P0.05)。文山牛体高生长极显著快于西门塔尔牛和云岭牛(P0.01)。文山牛(1.5岁时)胴体重极显著低于西门塔尔牛和云岭牛(P0.01),西门塔尔牛与云岭牛差异不显著(P0.05);3个品种间屠宰率差异不显著(P0.05);文山牛骨骼重极显著低于西门塔尔牛和云岭牛(P0.01),西门塔尔牛与云岭牛间差异不显著(P0.05)。说明文山牛在育肥期无论生长速度、体尺变化还是屠宰率并不亚于西门塔尔牛和云岭牛,但文山牛胴体重和骨骼重低于西门塔尔牛和云岭牛,即文山牛早期生长缓慢;而西门塔尔牛早期生长快,屠宰体重最大;云岭牛生产性能优越,表现稳定,是规模化养殖很好的育成品种。 相似文献
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《中国草食动物科学》2016,(2)
为研究西门塔尔牛母牛(西门塔尔牛×蒙古牛杂二代)与蒙古牛母牛生产性能的差异,选用体重相近的西门塔尔牛母牛(西门塔尔牛×蒙古牛杂二代)与蒙古牛母牛进行屠宰性能对比试验。结果表明:西门塔尔牛母牛的屠宰率、净肉率分别较蒙古牛成年母牛提高了1.59个百分点和1.34个百分点。结论:西门塔尔牛母牛的产肉性能和饲料转化率均比蒙古牛母牛高。 相似文献
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1牛群结构的优化
选择适应当地气候、饲料等条件、生产性能好、饲养周期短、经济效益高的品种。目前比较适合我地黄牛品种改良的肉牛品种有西门塔尔、夏洛来、德国黄牛、皮埃蒙特牛等品种的肉用型或肉乳兼用型牛。利用这些品种牛做父本,与本地母牛及良种杂交母牛进行二元或三元杂交,以及二元以上品种轮回杂交,使逐代都能保持一定的杂交优势,从而获得生活力强和生产性能高的牛群。 相似文献
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1因素
良种覆盖面较小,牛群品质相对较差。当前,我国的肉用牛的品种很杂很乱,特别是农村,部分地区为兼用型的地方良种牛,还有地方为引进的品种牛和地方牛进行杂交的后代,还有一部分为发达国家淘汰的役用牛等,然而当前支撑我国的牛肉生产的主要品种仍然为产肉性不太好的黄牛种。这就导致我国的良种牛覆盖的面积很小,牛群的整体品质处于很低的水平。 相似文献
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张吉鹍 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2012,(6):1-6,16
<正>1制约肉牛养殖效益的因素1.1良种覆盖面低,牛群品质差1.1.1质量参差不齐,生产水平低。目前,我国农村肉用牛种杂乱,有的为地方牛种、有的为兼用型地方良种牛、有的为引进品种与地方牛种的杂交后代、也有部分为淘汰的役用牛,但支撑我国肉牛生产的主导品种仍然是产肉性能欠佳的地方黄牛品种。我国的肉牛业仍处于以黄牛为主的高数量状态,良种覆盖面低,改良肉牛比例仅为30%~40%,与发达国家改良牛比例90%以上的差距很大,牛群整体品质差,个体生产水平有待提高。2005年,我国黄牛存栏 相似文献
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Qiuming Chen Jingxi Zhan Jiafei Shen Kaixing Qu Quratulain Hanif Jianyong Liu Jicai Zhang Ningbo Chen Hong Chen Bizhi Huang Chuzhao Lei 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(6):641-650
Yunling cattle, a three-breed cross consisting of 1/2 Brahman cattle, 1/4 Murray Grey cattle and 1/4 Yunnan Yellow cattle, has advantage of rapid growth, good meat quality, enhanced tolerance towards a hot and humid climate, tick resistance and crude feed forbearance. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity, global and local ancestry proportions by sequencing the genomes of 131 Yungling cattle and 31 Brahman cattle (for control). Furthermore, we used 35 published genomes of ancestry breeds (including Angus cattle [ancestry of Murray Grey], Wannan cattle [ancestry of Yunnan Yellow cattle: Wenshan and Dianzhong], Wenshan and Dianzhong cattle) to characterize the formation process of Yunling cattle. The highest nucleotide diversity was found in the Wannan cattle, followed by Wenshan, Dianzhong, Brahman, Yunling and Angus cattle. The results of LD decay in each breed was largely consistent with the results of nucleotide diversity, except for the faster decay in Angus cattle out of a smaller effective population size and a strong bottleneck during the breed formation. The population-structure analysis revealed that the cross-breed Yunling cattle harboured the ancestry with Angus (0.44), Brahman (0.48) and Wannan cattle (0.08). Subsequently, we used RFmix to infer local ancestry in Yunling cattle and then performed chi-squared test to obtain the segments whose proportions of a certain ancestry were excessive compared with the whole-genome level, leading to 391 Angus, 49 Brahman and 2,312 Wannan segments. Gene annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the excessive Angus, Brahman and Wannan segments might contribute to the rapid growth, immune resistance and indigenous adaptation, respectively, in Yunling cattle. Our results help understand ancestry components and formation process in Yunling cattle and will provide an opportunity for selective breeding by molecular approaches in future. 相似文献
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关于皮埃蒙特肉牛引进及中国肉牛育种的几点思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于历史上以役用为主并缺乏系统的肉用性能选育,致使中国黄牛产肉性能较低,至今中国还没有一个专门化肉牛品种。因为优越的产肉性能和与中国黄牛互补的体型,意大利皮埃蒙特肉牛被引进中国,对中国黄牛有了很大程度的遗传改进。然而要想增加中国肉牛业的国际竞争能力,必须培育自己的专门化肉牛品种。意大利皮埃蒙特肉牛的培育历史,为我们提供了宝贵的经验和深刻的教训。我们应立足于本国现有的遗传资源,借鉴这些宝贵的经验教训和先进的育种技术,建立专门的育种组织,健全品种登记制度,系统地培育中国专门化肉牛品种,促进中国养牛业的发展,为中国乃至全世界人们提供优质健康的牛肉。 相似文献
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S. Hartwig R. Wellmann H. Hamann J. Bennewitz 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2014,131(6):496-503
During the past decades, migrant contributions have accumulated in many local breeds. Cross‐breeding was carried out to mitigate the risk of inbreeding depression and to improve the performance of local breeds. However, breeding activities for local breeds were not as intensive and target oriented as for popular high‐yielding breeds. Therefore, even if performance improved, the gap between the performance of local and popular breeds increased for many traits. Furthermore, the genetic originality of local breeds declined due to the increasing contributions of migrant breeds. This study examined the importance of migrant breed influences for the realization of breeding progress of beef traits of German Vorderwald and Hinterwald cattle. The results show that there is a high amount of migrant contributions and their effects on performance are substantial for most traits. The effect of the French cattle breed Montbéliard (p‐value 0.014) on daily gain of Vorderwald bulls at test station was positive. The effects of Vorderwald ancestors (p‐value for daily gain 0.007 and p‐value for net gain 0.004) were positive for both traits under consideration in the population of Hinterwald cattle. Additionally, the effect of remaining breeds (p‐value 0.030) on net gain of Hinterwald cattle in the field was also positive. The estimated effect of Fleckvieh ancestors on net gain of Hinterwald cattle was even larger but not significant. Breeding values adjusted for the effects of the migrant breeds showed little genetic trend. 相似文献
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Ilatsia ED Roessler R Kahi AK Piepho HP Zárate V 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):519-530
The Sahiwal breed has been used for upgrading the East African Zebu (EAZ) for improved milk production and growth performance
in the southern rangelands of Kenya. Main users of this breed are Maasai pastoralists. Until now, there has been no deliberate
effort to understand why these pastoralists specifically prefer to keep Sahiwal genetic resources as well as which traits
are considered important by them and what is the underlying reason for this. However, this information is regarded vital for
further development of the breed. A survey was conducted between May and October 2009 among Maasai pastoralists in Kajiado
and Narok counties in the Southern part of Kenya, and private ranches and government farms to identify production objectives
and breeding goals of Sahiwal cattle producers. Sahiwal genetic resources were mainly kept for domestic milk production and
for revenue generation through milk sales and live animals. To a limited extent, they were kept for breeding and also for
multiple objectives that included insurance against risks and social functions. Production aims were influenced to varying
extents by various household and farmer characteristics. Sahiwal cattle and their crosses were generally perceived to be better
with respect to productive traits and fertility traits when compared to the EAZ. However, the EAZ was rated higher with respect
to adaptation traits. The breeding objective traits of primary importance were high milk yield and big body size, good reproductive
efficiency and relatively good adaptation to local production conditions. Performance and functional traits are important
breeding goals that play a major role in fulfilling the multiple production objectives. This forms the basis for the optimisation
of a breeding programme for sustainable utilisation to meet the needs of Sahiwal cattle producers. 相似文献
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肉牛种业是肉牛产业发展的基础。通辽市肉牛种业起步早,发展较好,处于全国领先水平,建立了完整的制种、供种、推广为一体的良种繁育体系。现代家畜繁殖技术不断应用于家畜改良,优良种源逐渐实现从引进到自主培育,现代繁育技术和优良品种对肉牛产业发展的贡献率大幅提高,肉牛种业对肉牛产业发展的基础和支撑作用不断增强。阐述通辽市肉牛种业从依靠优良品种引进到冷冻精液生产再到优良品种自主培育的发展历程,剖析目前通辽市肉牛种业在育种基础、联合育种机制、育种技术创新等方面存在的问题和不足,提出了实施肉牛种业提升工程、完善育种技术体系、加快科技创新和育种机制创新等发展对策。 相似文献
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[目的]为探讨同期发情—定时输精技术对云南省文山州母牛繁殖性能的影响,建立适宜于南方肉牛品种改良的轻简推广实用技术程序。[方法]通过肉牛同期发情—定时输精技术程序在文山州广南、砚山、富宁三县的应用效果作比较。[结果]结果表明,使用该技术程序后三县肉牛平均同期发情率为93.24%,平均受胎率达80.94%,应用效果良好;母牛体况对发情效果影响较大,有待提高母牛饲养管理水平。[结论]同期发情—定时输精技术对提高母牛受胎率的效果明显,值得在我国南方肉牛养殖业中大力推广。 相似文献