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1.
为监控鸡和猪组织中酰胺醇类药物残留,保障畜禽产品质量安全,建立了同时测定鸡和猪组织中甲砜霉素(TAP)、氟苯尼考(FF)及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺(FFA)残留量的气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)。样品经2%氨化乙酸乙酯溶液提取,PEP-2固相萃取柱净化,N,O-双三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生,气相色谱-质谱法测定,内标法定量。结果显示,甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺在5～5000μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.999。本方法在鸡、猪肌肉、皮+脂(脂肪)、肝脏和肾脏中的检出限均为5μg/kg,定量限均为10μg/kg,在鸡和猪各空白组织添加10～5000μg/kg浓度水平下,其平均回收率在88.1%～106.4%之间,相对标准偏差在1.5%～10.8%之间。结果表明:本方法准确可靠,普遍适用于鸡和猪各组织中TAP、FF、FFA残留量的检测。  相似文献   

2.
通过分析氟苯尼考与氟苯尼考胺在畜产品中的残留规律,发现了物源性食品中酰胺醇类药物的检测方法有待进一步完善,不仅要检测原药,还要检测其代谢物。本方法实现了一次进样同时检测氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及其代谢物氟苯尼考胺。方法线性范围:0.5~100ng/m L;定量限为:0.2μg/kg。不同样品基质中酰胺醇的回收率为79.8%-103.6%,相对标准差(RSD)6.46%。本方法操作简单,线性范围广,应用于畜产品的检测,结果满意。  相似文献   

3.
为给动物源性食品中同时检测氟苯尼考(FF)及其主要代谢产物氟苯尼考胺(FFA)的残留提供新的安全可靠的方法,本研究建立了猪肉中FF及FFA残留检测的加速溶剂萃取/超高效液相色谱-荧光检测(ASE/UPLC-FLD)法。试验采用乙酸乙酯∶氨水(98∶2,V/V)为提取剂,样品经加速溶剂萃取后浓缩,用乙酸乙酯饱和正己烷除脂,再经浓缩复溶后进行UPLC-FLD检测。结果表明,FF及其代谢产物FFA在添加浓度为9.8～400和3.2～400μg/kg的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R~2)分别为0.9993和0.9999。FF的检测限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为3.3和9.8μg/kg;FFA的LOD和LOQ分别为1.2和3.2μg/kg。样品在LOQ、0.5 MRL、1.0 MRL和2.0 MRL加标水平下的平均回收率为82.92%～96.72%,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于3.11%。综上所述,加速溶剂萃取(ASE)方法省时、环保、提取效率高,超高效液相色谱-荧光检测(UPLC-FLD)检测方法高效、灵敏、回收率高,是符合检测标准的新方法。  相似文献   

4.
建立了动物源食品中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法.样品在碱性条件下用乙酸乙酯提取后,再用正己烷去除脂肪,浓缩后用BEH C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测.结果表明:四种药物在2～500 μg/L的系列浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.990.样品中氯霉素的检测限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.2 μg/kg;甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的检测限为0.5 μg/kg,定量限为1 μg/kg.本方法氯霉素在0.2～1 μg/kg的添加浓度范围内,甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺在1～50 μg/kg的添加浓度范围内平均回收率均为70%～120%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于20%.该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点.  相似文献   

5.
为给动物源性食品中同时检测氟苯尼考（FF）及其主要代谢产物氟苯尼考胺（FFA）的残留提供新的安全可靠的方法，本研究建立了猪肉中FF及FFA残留检测的加速溶剂萃取/超高效液相色谱-荧光检测（ASE/UPLC-FLD）法。试验采用乙酸乙酯：氨水（98：2，V/V）为提取剂，样品经加速溶剂萃取后浓缩，用乙酸乙酯饱和正己烷除脂，再经浓缩复溶后进行UPLC-FLD检测。结果表明，FF及其代谢产物FFA在添加浓度为9.8~400和3.2~400 μg/kg的范围内线性关系良好，相关系数（R2）分别为0.9993和0.9999。FF的检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为3.3和9.8 μg/kg；FFA的LOD和LOQ分别为1.2和3.2 μg/kg。样品在LOQ、0.5 MRL、1.0 MRL和2.0 MRL加标水平下的平均回收率为82.92%~96.72%，相对标准偏差（RSD）低于3.11%。综上所述，加速溶剂萃取（ASE）方法省时、环保、提取效率高，超高效液相色谱-荧光检测（UPLC-FLD）检测方法高效、灵敏、回收率高，是符合检测标准的新方法。  相似文献   

6.
建立了动物源食品中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC—MS／MS）分析方法。样品在碱性条件下用乙酸乙酯提取后,再用正己烷去除脂肪,浓缩后用BEH C18（50mm×2．1mm,1．7μm）色谱柱分离,以乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0．3mL／min,多反应监测（MRM）模式检测。结果表明：四种药物在2—500μg／L的系列浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均大于0．990。样品中氯霉素的检测限为0．1μg／kg,定量限为0．2μg/kg;甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的检测限为0．5μg/kg,定量限为1μg／kg。本方法氯霉素在0．2～1μg／kg的添加浓度范围内,甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及氟苯尼考胺在1—50μg／kg的添加浓度范围内平均回收率均为70％-120％,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于20％。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。  相似文献   

7.
为了检测畜禽产品中酰胺醇类药物残留是否超标,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法建立了同时检测鸡蛋、鸡肉和猪肉中氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及其代谢产物氟苯尼考胺等酰胺醇类药物的分析方法。样品经乙腈∶氨水(98∶2,V/V)和乙酸乙酯提取、氮吹、CNWBOND Si柱净化、正己烷去脂后,经ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)柱分离,以2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和2 mmol/L乙酸铵乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,分别以氯霉素-d5为氯霉素、甲砜霉素内标,以氟苯尼考-d3为氟苯尼考、氟苯尼考胺内标进行内标法定量。结果显示:4种药物在0.2～100 ng/mL范围内均成良好线性关系,相关系数均在0.99以上,方法检测限为0.1μg/kg,定量限为0.5μg/kg,在0.5～2.0μg/kg添加范围内,回收率范围为70.6%～112.3%,批内相对标准偏差为1.5%～12.7%,批间相对标准偏差为3.2%～14.5%。结果表明该方法灵敏度高,稳定性好,能满足同时检测畜禽产品中多种酰胺醇类药物残留的分析要求。  相似文献   

8.
建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定动物源食品中氨曲南残留的方法。样品经磷酸缓冲盐溶液提取后,过固相萃取柱净化,进HPLC-MS/MS检测。结果表明,该方法的标准工作曲线线性良好(R 2>0.995),样品加标回收率均在70%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%,方法的检出限为1.0μg/kg,定量限为2.0μg/kg。该方法前处理简便、可靠、灵敏度高,可适用于动物源食品中氨曲南残留的测定。  相似文献   

9.
将氟苯尼考胺与载体蛋白相连作为抗原免疫动物,获得抗甲砜霉素等药物的抗体,建立了水产品中甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留的ELISA检测方法。结果显示,人工抗原中氟苯尼考胺与蛋白质分子的结合比约为12∶1,血清效价达到1∶2000倍以上,50%抑制浓度(IC50)为3μg/L左右,3种酰胺醇类药物交叉反应率在30%～156%之间,鱼和虾肌肉组织中的检测限分别为6.3μg/kg和6.1μg/kg,在鱼和虾肌肉组织中三种药物的回收率在40%～120%之间,检测范围为0.2～125μg/L。该方法可同时测定甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考及其标示残留物氟苯尼考胺等3种化合物残留量。方法灵敏度、精密度和准确度均能满足兽药残留筛选检测要求。  相似文献   

10.
气相色谱-质谱法测定猪肝中氯丙嗪残留的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)检测猪肝中氯丙嗪的残留量,试样中残留的氯丙嗪经乙酸乙酯提取,用正己烷和C18柱净化后,用氨化乙酸乙酯洗脱。采用EI电离源方式进行选择离子扫描(SIM),选择离子包括86,233,272,318。方法的检测限为1μg/kg(S/N>3),线性范围为1-200μg/kg,加标回收率为68.00%-92.10%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为5.92-9.35%。该法具有灵敏度高,实用性强和操作简单等优点。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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