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坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用"3414"试验设计,进行田间试验,研究了坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量。结果表明:在偏干旱条件下,施氮提高紫花苜蓿产量8%~25%,施磷增产率在122%~172%之间,施钾降低紫花苜蓿产量0~12%;与无肥处理相比,缺磷处理减产38.24%,其余处理增产26%~68%,高磷处理增产率最高(67.94%);氮钾互作效应降低紫花苜蓿产草量,而磷钾和磷氮互作效应为提高;缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的相对产量分别为75.02%、36.78%和91.60%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的丰缺状况依次为中等、极缺和丰富。结合肥料效应函数法和养分丰缺指标法,得出坝上地区旱作条件下紫花苜蓿推荐年施氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)量分别为80、50和60kg/hm2。 相似文献
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内蒙古高原和黄土高原紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷和速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施肥量研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了给内蒙古高原和黄土高原紫花苜蓿测土施肥提供科学依据,采用土壤养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法、土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案和"养分平衡-地力差减法"确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了内蒙古高原和黄土高原紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)和速效钾(NH_4OAc-K)丰缺指标与适宜施肥量研究。结果表明:内蒙古高原和黄土高原紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷第1~11级丰缺指标依次为≥40,39~22,21~12,11~6,5.9~3.2,3.1~1.7,1.6~1.0,0.9~0.5,0.49~0.30,0.29~0.15,0.15 mg/kg;速效钾第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥204,203~100,99~49,48~24,23~12,12 mg/kg。当磷肥当季利用率为20%、目标产量为9.0~22.5 t/hm~2时,紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~11级的适宜施磷量范围依次为0~0,27~68,54~135,81~203,108~270,135~338,162~405,189~473,216~540,243~608,270~675 kg/hm~2;当钾肥当季利用率为50%、目标产量为9.0~22.5 t/hm~2时,紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺级别第1~6级的适宜施钾量范围依次为0~0,54~135,108~270,162~405,216~540和270~675 kg/hm~2 。 相似文献
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黄淮海平原紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2019,(23)
为了给黄淮海平原紫花苜蓿测土施肥提供科学依据,试验采用零散试验数据整合法、土壤养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法、养分平衡-地力差减法确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了黄淮海平原紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。结果表明:黄淮海平原紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥37,≥21~37,≥12~21,≥6.4~12,≥3.6~6.4,≥2.0~3.6,≥1.1~2.0,1.1 mg/kg;当磷肥当季利用率为20%、目标产量为12.0~22.5 t/hm~2时,紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~8级的适宜施磷量范围依次为0~0,36~68,72~135,108~203,144~270,180~338,216~405,252~473 kg/hm~2。说明在黄淮海平原磷肥当季利用率为20%时土壤有效磷丰缺级别第2~6级的适宜施磷量为68~338 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
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黄骅市紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺指标初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为给河北省黄骅市紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)施肥提供科学依据,于2010―2011年在该地区选取有效磷含量差异较大的11个地块的土壤,进行全肥和缺磷处理盆栽试验,依据不同有效磷含量土壤的缺磷处理的相对产量,初步研究了该地区紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺指标。结果表明,与缺磷处理相对产量>95%、85%~95%、75%~85%、65%~75%、55%~65%和45%~55%相对应的黄骅市紫花苜蓿的第1至第6级土壤有效磷含量指标分别为>47.5、27.2~47.5、15.6~27.2、8.9~15.6、5.1~8.9和2.9~5.1 mg·kg-1。 相似文献
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中国北方紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施钾量初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(1)
为了初步建立我国北方紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾(NH_4OAc-K)丰缺指标,并确定不同丰缺级别土壤的适宜施钾量,采用土壤有效养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法、土壤有效养分丰缺分级改良方案和“养分平衡-地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了本研究。结果表明:东北平原-内蒙古高原-黄土高原区第1,2,3级和4~11级土壤速效钾丰缺指标依次为≥262,≥88~262,≥30~88,30 mg/kg;西北荒漠绿洲区第1,2,3级和4~11级土壤速效钾丰缺指标依次为≥480,≥148~480,≥46~148,46 mg/kg。当紫花苜蓿干草目标产量为15 t/hm2时,第1,2,3级和4~11级土壤的适宜施钾量(K_2O)依次为0,90,180,≥270 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
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黄土高原紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《中国草地学报》2020,(2)
为了给黄土高原紫花苜蓿测土施肥提供科学依据,采用零散实验数据整合法、土壤养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法和"养分平衡—地力差减法"确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了黄土高原苜蓿适宜施磷量与土壤有效磷丰缺指标研究。结果表明,黄土高原苜蓿土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥41、23~41、13~23、7.0~13、4.0~7.0、2.2~4.0、1.3~2.2和1.3mg/kg;当目标产量12~22.5t/hm~2、磷肥当季利用率20%时,有效磷丰缺级别第1~8级土壤的苜蓿适宜施磷量范围依次为0、27~68、54~135、81~203、108~270、135~338、162~405和189~473kg/hm~2。 相似文献
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中国三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为给内蒙古高原区、黄土高原区和西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础,采用零散实验数据整合法以及养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,内蒙古高原区紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾第1~4级指标依次为≥342mg/kg、89~342mg/kg、24~89mg/kg和<24mg/kg,黄土高原区第1~6级指标依次为≥171mg/kg、96~171mg/kg、54~96mg/kg、30~54mg/kg、17~30mg/kg和<17mg/kg,西北荒漠绿洲区第1~4级指标依次为≥303mg/kg、140~303mg/kg、65~140mg/kg和<65mg/kg;当目标产量9~27t/hm2、钾肥利用率50%时,第1~6级土壤的推荐施钾量分别为0、54~162kg/hm2、108~324kg/hm2、162~486kg/hm2、216~648kg/hm2和270~810kg/hm2。 相似文献
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为了给我国大麦测土施钾提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国大麦土壤钾素丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,我国大麦土壤速效钾第1~3级丰缺指标依次为≥341、165~341和<165 mg/kg;土壤全钾第1~5级丰缺指标依次为≥85、19~85、4.1~19、0.9~4.1和<0.9 g/kg。当钾肥当季利用率40%~60%时,目标产量3~7.5 t/hm2籽实大麦第1~5级土壤推荐施钾量分别为0、13~47、25~94、38~141和50~188 kg/hm2;目标产量6~15 t/hm2干草大麦第1~5级土壤推荐施钾量分别为0、16~60、32~120、48~180和64~240 kg/hm2;目标产量15~45 t/hm2青贮大麦第1~5级土壤推荐施钾量分别为0、14~63、28~126、42~189和56~252 kg/hm2。本研究初步建立了我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤钾素丰缺指标推荐施... 相似文献
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为探讨紫色土区草本植物根系的改土培肥效应,选取已种植3年(2011-2013年)的水土保持常用草类紫花苜蓿、狗牙根和香根草为目标物种,分0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~30 cm 土层采集根系和土壤样品,WinRHIZO (Pro.2004c)根系分析系统测定根系指标,常规方法测定土壤理化性质。结果表明:所有土层,香根草的各项根系指标均较优,尤其是根长密度和根表面积密度(最大均值分别为13.46 cm/cm3和5.75 cm2/cm3),紫花苜蓿则总体上的根重密度最好(最小均值为18.10 mg/cm3);定植3年,这3种草本植物并未对试验区紫色土的机械组成产生显著影响,但在数值上草本区有粗颗粒减少、细颗粒增多的趋势;多数草本植物对多个土层的土壤有机质和速效钾产生显著影响(有机质增加,速效钾亏损),而对土壤全氮、碱解氮、总磷、有效磷和全钾的影响却很微弱;所有草本区的全钾含量较高3.93~4.83 g/kg,却在几乎所有土层出现速效钾的亏损,尤其是紫花苜蓿区最大亏损量达20.24 mg/kg;相关分析中,所有土壤养分与全部或部分根系指标呈现显著或极显著相关(最大相关系数为0.833)。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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