上海动物园非洲企鹅种群线粒体DNA序列分析及遗传管理建议     

耿广耀  袁耀华  刘群秀  李波  王爱善  毕延台  徐艳春  杨淑慧 《野生动物》2015,(2):206-210

非洲企鹅(Spheniscus demersus)是一种濒危海鸟,也是动物园展出的重要物种。上海动物园从日本和荷兰引进非洲企鹅,种群不断扩大,并成为国内种群发展的基础。但对其遗传多样性和结构了解很少,无法开展有效的遗传管理。本研究分析了上海动物园39只非洲企鹅的mtDNA D-loop区430 bp序列,并与已发表的日本种群的数据进行比较。结果表明,该片段存在15个变异位点,占分析位点的3.5%;共定义了10个单倍型,其遗传距离为0.002~0.019。日本种群包含A、B两个mtDNA D-loop单倍型世系,上海种群的10个单倍型均属于A世系,且与日本种群有5个共享单倍型,其遗传多样性水平略低于日本种群。上海种群可以进一步分为3个小的世系,但置信度偏低(54%~87%)。上述结果提示,上海种群相对于日本种群的A世系而言有较好涵盖度,但仍有必要进一步引进建群个体,尤其是含有B世系单倍型的个体。  相似文献   

多自由度剑麻收割机的设计与仿真制造     

任晓智  孟强  毕伟  叶自旺  陈云凡 《农机化研究》2017,(9)

剑麻是一种广泛使用的硬质纤维的主要来源,被广泛的运用到各种行业,需求极大;但其收割现以手工为主,且因剑麻自身带有刺,加大了收割的难度,降低了效率。为解决剑麻的纯手工收割收割困难以及效率低的问题,提出一种多自由度剑麻收割机的机械,并申请了国家发明专利,得到授权。本文将运用UG、Sdams以及Mat Leb对该机械进行改进设计与仿真分析,并试制实物机械进行试验。试验结果表明:该机实现了剑麻收割的半自动化并提高剑麻收割的效率,可满足现行各行各业对剑麻的需求量。  相似文献   

酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响     

王中华  毕玉霞  丛付臻 《中国饲料》2012,(11):36-38

为探讨酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,选取128只(公母各半)50日龄体重相近的新西兰兔随机分为4个处理组(对照组、试验1组、2组和3组),每组4个重复,分别饲喂含0%、5%、10%、15%酸化红薯粉渣的饲粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2组和3组肉兔日均采食量、平均日增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数均显著提高(P<0.05),胃pH显著降低(P<0.05);试验1、2和3组腹泻率、十二指肠pH、盲肠pH均有所降低(P>0.05)。由此可见,在饲料中添加适量的酸化红薯粉渣能提高肉兔的生长性能和免疫器官指数,降低胃肠pH,其中添加量为10%~15%效果较理想。  相似文献   

木薯渣发酵饲料及其发酵工艺与应用     

白秀梅  范彧  王丹玉  毕璐璐  刘雪连 《猪业科学》2021,38(5):86-89

文章旨在研究木薯渣发酵饲料及其发酵工艺与应用。将木薯渣、玉米面、豆粕、玉米皮、麸皮按照质量比50∶5∶10∶10∶25的比例混合,然后将乳酸菌和酵母菌按比例与一定量的水混合,再与木薯渣饲料混匀,装入带有呼吸阀的发酵袋中,密封,室温条件下发酵4 d即生产得到木薯渣发酵饲料。结果表明：乳酸菌和酵母菌混合比例为1∶2,接种量为0.1%,水分为40%～45%时,木薯渣发酵饲料pH<4.5,酸溶蛋白和总酸含量明显增加,具有明显的酸香气味,可提高适口性;可抑制霉菌生长,确保产品安全性;还可提高饲料的营养水平和猪只消化率,提高饲料利用率;提高猪只生产性能,降低圈舍氨气浓度,改善舍内环境;同时还为木薯渣资源化利用提供良好的前提条件。  相似文献   

羊传染性胸膜肺炎防治     

毕爱凤 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(4):52-53

羊传染性胸膜肺炎是一种高度接触性传染性疾病,致病原是肺炎支原体。妊娠阶段的母羊受到病原侵染后表现为流产产下死胎,并表现出明显的繁殖障碍。近年,此病发生率逐年升高,造成的死亡现象不断增强,严重威胁养殖产业健康发展。作为养殖管理人员,应从该种疾病的流行病学、临床表现、病理变化和诊断方法等多角度入手,构建针对性的防治措施,严格落实预防为主的原则,为提高养殖效益奠定坚实的技术支撑。该文主要探讨羊传染性胸膜肺炎的防治过程。  相似文献   

Mutant-prevention concentrations of enrofloxacin for Escherichia coli isolates from chickens     

Li Q  Bi X  Diao Y  Deng X 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(8):812-815

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of enrofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from chickens by determining mutant-prevention concentrations (MPCs) and sequence the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes in selected isolates. SAMPLE POPULATION: 15 chicken-derived E coli isolates. PROCEDURES: For all isolates, MPC and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of enrofloxacin were determined. The MPCs and maximum serum drug concentrations attained with enrofloxacin doses recommended for treatment of E coli infections in chickens were compared. Mutation frequencies and QRDR sequence changes in gyrA and parC were also determined. RESULTS: In 2 of 15 E coli strains, MPCs were low (0.016 and 0.062 microg/mL), MPC:MIC ratios were 2 and 4, and the GyrA and ParC proteins had no mutations. In 9 susceptible isolates with a GyrA point mutation, MPCs ranged from 2 to 16 microg/mL. For isolates with double mutations in GyrA and a single mutation in ParC, MPCs were > 32 microg/mL (several fold greater than the maximal plasma concentration of enrofloxacin in chickens); mutation frequencies were also much lower, compared with frequencies for single-mutation isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For E coli infections of chickens, MPC appears to be useful for determining enrofloxacin-dosing strategies. The high MPC:MIC ratio may result in enrofloxacin-treatment failure in chickens infected with some wild-type gyrA E coli isolates despite the isolates' enrofloxacin susceptibility (MICs 0.125 to 1 microg/mL). For infections involving isolates with high MPCs, especially those containing mutations in gyrA and parC genes, treatment with combinations of antimicrobials should be adopted.  相似文献   

Effect of diet with thiram on liver antioxidant capacity and tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers     

Li J  Bi D  Pan S  Zhang Y 《British poultry science》2007,48(6):724-728

1. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of thiram on liver antioxidant capacity and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers. 2. One hundred and twenty Avian commercial broilers were allotted at random to three treatments: control group, low thiram group (50 mg/kg) and high thiram group (100 mg/kg). 3. Blood samples were collected to determine the activity of AST (aspartate aminotransferase). At the end of the trial, broilers were killed and liver samples were collected to determine the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) and MDA (malondialdehyde) content, while the right proximal tibiotarsi were dissected in longitudinal section for assessment of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) incidence and TD score. 4. The results showed that thiram increased the incidence of TD and TD scores, increased serum AST activity and MDA content of liver, and decreased the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver. 5. They suggest that thiram causes TD in broilers by reducing liver antioxidation capability and damaging liver function; this may be one of the mechanisms by which thiram causes TD in broilers.  相似文献   

Potential use of a transposon Tn916-generated mutant of Aeromonas hydrophila J-1 defective in some exoproducts as a live attenuated vaccine     

Liu Y  Bi Z 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2007,78(1):79-84

Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes disease in a wide range of hosts due to its multifactorial virulence. Here we describe the application of transposon insertion mutagenesis approach to obtain an exoenzyme mutant of A. hydrophila strain J-1. Immunization of swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri Heckel) with the highly attenuated mutant provided protection (survival of 27 out of 35 fish, compared to survival of only 13 out of 35 control fish) in the fish given the highest immunization dose (10(7) CFU) against intraperitoneal challenge with the wild J-1 strain. Immunization with doses of 10(5) or 10(3) did not provide significant protection.  相似文献   

Study on Design of Bio-clean Operating Room     

YANG Zhi wei  LI Bi yu 《保鲜与加工》2001,(4):20-25

The design of Bio-clean operating room in modern hospital is quite different from that of traditional operating room. This paper discusses three aspects of Bio-clean operating room design: air clean standard and air purification, interior equipment system and interior finish. It is hoped that this discussion will conduce to later designs.  相似文献   

Expert System for Artificial Intelligence Blast Furnace Smelting Process     

SHI Jin-liang  JIA Bi  YU Qun-wei  LAN Shou-bing 《保鲜与加工》2005,(5):63

In order to upgrade traditional industry and realize the automation of furnace condition judgement and standardization of operation, an expert system for various furnace conditions and breakdown judgement and operation guidance on blast furnace are developed based on the theory of artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering. The system is fulfilled through C++Builder and combined with the actual production picture. The system has efficient and convenient man-machine interface by using menu operation method. The testing and operation of actual production data in simulation system indicate that the system is exact and reliable and can provide both the warning of various furnace breakdown and corresponding operation guidance.  相似文献