Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration alters the effect of phosphate supply on growth of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings     

Kogawara S  Norisada M  Tange T  Yagi H  Kojima K 《Tree physiology》2006,26(1):25-33

We demonstrated that the inorganic phosphate (P(i)) requirement for growth of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.) seedlings is increased by elevated CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) and that responses of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch to P(i) supply are also altered. To investigate the growth response of non-mycorrhizal seedlings to P(i) supply in elevated [CO(2)], non-mycorrhizal seedlings were grown for 73 days in ambient or elevated [CO(2)] (350 or 700 micromol mol(-1)) with nutrient solutions containing one of seven phosphate concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.20 mM). In ambient [CO(2)], the growth response to P(i) was saturated at about 0.1 mM P(i), whereas in elevated [CO(2)], the growth response to P(i) supply did not saturate, even at the highest P(i) supply (0.2 mM), indicating that the P(i) requirement is higher in elevated [CO(2)] than in ambient [CO(2)]. The increased requirement was due mainly to an altered shoot growth response to P(i) supply. The enhanced P(i) requirement in elevated [CO(2)] was not associated with a change in photosynthetic response to P(i) or a change in leaf phosphorus (P) status. We investigated the effect of P(i) supply (0.04, 0.08 and 0.20 mM) on the ectomycorrhizal fungus P. tinctorius in mycorrhizal seedlings grown in ambient or elevated [CO(2)]. Root ergosterol concentration (an indicator of fungal biomass) decreased with increasing P(i) supply in ambient [CO(2)], but the decrease was far less in elevated [CO(2)]. In ambient [CO(2)] the ratio of extramatrical mycelium to root biomass decreased with increasing P(i) supply but did not change in elevated [CO(2)]. We conclude that, because elevated [CO(2)] increased the P(i) requirement for shoot growth, the significance of the ectomycorrhizal association was also increased in elevated [CO(2)].  相似文献   

Several possible spawning sites of the Japanese eel determined from collections of their eggs and preleptocephali     

Takeuchi  Aya  Higuchi  Takatoshi  Watanabe  Shun  Miller  Michael J.  Yama  Ritsuno  Fukuba  Tatsuhiro  Okamura  Akihiro  Okino  Tatsufumi  Miwa  Tetsuya  Tsukamoto  Katsumi 《Fisheries Science》2021,87(3):339-352

The spawning area of the Japanese eel is located at the southern part of the West Mariana Ridge in the western North Pacific, but their spawning events have not been observed. To further understand Japanese eel spawning ecology, an interdisciplinary research survey by the R/V NATSUSHIMA (NT14-09, 14 May–4 June 2014) was conducted to detect spawning sites based on the seamount, salinity front, new moon and third quadrant (spawning south of front, west of ridge) hypotheses. Attempts were made to film spawning events with underwater camera systems and to consider if eels might be detected in hydroacoustic observations. Although no Japanese eels or spawning events were video-recorded and no eel aggregations could be clearly identified acoustically, three eggs were collected at two stations in the third quadrant region at or just south of 13° N on 26 and 27 May. Three or four days later, newly hatched preleptocephali were collected at two stations far to the south, including 224 at a station > 160 km southwest of the egg catches, and a few preleptocephali were caught at two stations closer to the egg stations. The eggs and southern preleptocephali were from discrete spawning events, which indicated that at least two spawning sites occurred in May 2014.

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Video observation of an eel in the Anguilla japonica spawning area along the West Mariana Ridge     

Katsumi Tsukamoto  Noritaka Mochioka  Michael J. Miller  Sumihiro Koyama  Shun Watanabe  Jun Aoyama 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(3):407-416

Some anguillid spawning areas are known based on collections of small larvae, but recently for the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, adult spawners have been caught in trawls and their eggs and preleptocephali collected. The spawning area of A. japonica is located along the western side of the West Mariana Ridge, but the natural spawning behavior of this species or that of any other anguillid species has never been observed. This study reports on the first effort to observe spawning aggregations of anguillid eels that was conducted by the R/V Yokosuka using the Shinkai 6500 submersible and a Deep-Tow camera system in the A. japonica spawning area in July 2012. The submersible was deployed mostly at 200–800 m during daytime and the Deep-Tow was deployed mostly at 130–250 m during nighttime, both in multiple oblique depth tracks along linear transects. Various fishes and invertebrates were seen in the pelagic environment during day and night, but no spawning aggregations were observed. One eel was briefly recorded by a Deep-Tow camera at 20:13 on 17 July (2 days before new moon) at a depth of 179 m. The eel was recorded for <1 s as it passed in front of the camera. Its anterior body and head shape were consistent with a male A. japonica, or possibly a Derichthys serpentinus eel, but not with other mesopelagic eels. Because the tail region of the eel was not visible, species identification was not possible.  相似文献   

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009     

Shun Watanabe  Jun Aoyama  Seishi Hagihara  Bunpei Ai  Rhodora V. Azanza  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(3):375-383

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

Late arrival of Anguilla japonica glass eels at the Sagami River estuary in two recent consecutive year classes: ecology and socio-economic impacts     

Jun Aoyama  Akira Shinoda  Tatsuki Yoshinaga  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1195-1204

To determine the actual status of the recruiting glass eel stock of Anguilla japonica, we conducted a continuous monthly monitoring program for 2?years between November 2009 and October 2011 at the Sagami River estuary, Japan. A total of 114 and 372 A. japonica glass eels were observed in the 2009?C2010 and 2010?C2011 seasons, respectively. Recruitment patterns were the same in both years, starting in early winter (December in 2009 and November in 2010), increasing slightly until March, decreasing in April, but attaining the largest peak in June, after which no glass eels were observed during August?COctober. The Japanese eel has been known to spawn mainly in the summer, and glass eels recruit to their freshwater growth habitats during the winter to early spring. Our results clearly demonstrate an unexpected late arrival of glass eels in the early summer for two recent consecutive year classes. The summer recruitment found in our study indicates the unusual phenology of the Japanese eel, which may be a possible response to recent climate change.  相似文献   

Demographic survey of the yellow-phase Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in Japan     

Kazuki Yokouchi  Yasuyuki Kaneko  Kenzo Kaifu  Jun Aoyama  Kazuo Uchida  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):543-554

Catch statistics and biological data of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica from 12 river systems in nine prefectures of Japan (36°N, 140°E–31°N, 130°E) during 1999–2004 were analyzed in order to evaluate the demography of A. japonica in Japan. Significant differences in biological characteristics of 6388 eels were found among the river systems. Fishery catches of eels in all locations have declined, but the magnitudes or patterns of decline seem to be different. Of sex-identified eels, mean total lengths ± SD (mm) of females (n = 3776) and males (n = 962) were 495.6 ± 104.3 and 412.9 ± 80.7, respectively, and overall sex ratio (% female) was 79.6 %. Mean age (years) and growth rate (mm year^?1) were 5.0 ± 1.9 and 96.7 ± 38.6 for females (n = 3643) and 3.6 ± 1.7 and 120.5 ± 65.4 for males (n = 907), respectively. This study highlights the demographic heterogeneity of the A. japonica among the studied river systems, which suggests that it is important to conserve a variety of habitats in multiple river systems as an inclusive management target in addition to restoration of the diversity of habitats for eels in a single river system.  相似文献   

Changes in the pH,EC, available P,SOC and TN stocks in a single rice paddy after long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic matters in a cold temperate region of Japan     

Weiguo Cheng  Agnes T. Padre  Hiroyuki Shiono  Chizuru Sato  Toan Nguyen-Sy  Keitaro Tawaraya  Katsumi Kumagai 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(7):1834-1842

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QUARTZ PORPHYRY TREATMENT ALTERS IRRIGATION WATER CHEMISTRY,AFFECTING HYDROPONIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION     

M. Abul Kalam Azad  Naima Islam  Katsumi Ishikawa 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1712-1731

This study focused on using quartz porphyry (QP) as a water treatment to improve hydroponic production of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. nothovar; Japanese mustard spinach). We compared the chemistries of the control and QP-treated nutrient solutions and found that magnesium (Mg²⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) concentrations increased linearly up to day 21 following sowing in both conditions, then declined slightly. The QP treatment reduced sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) concentrations for the whole cultivation period. In both the control and QP-treated solutions, nitrate (NO^? ₃) and sulfate (SO^2? ₄) showed the same trend to a daily increase. In spite of these similarities, however, komatsuna production was better with the QP-treated nutrient solution compared to control. Treatment with QP during cultivation in August–September reduced the harmful effects of Na⁺, chloride (Cl^?), nitrite (NO^? ₂), and SO^2? ₄ by reducing concentrations of these ions, possibly leading to decreased salinity and toxicity effects in the plants. Mineral concentrations during October–November differed from those of August/September, resulting in variation among the different growth parameters for komatsuna.  相似文献   

Cadmium contamination of soils and rice plants caused by zinc mining IV. Use of soil amendment materials for the control of Cd uptake by plants     

Yasuo Takijima  Futoshi Katsumi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):235-244

In view of the difficulty in practicing water management as a measure to prevent the production of high Cd rice, alkaline or calcareous soil amendment materials were examined, concerning their pH effect on the availability of soil heavy metals.

1. In the experiment conducted on the contaminated paddy field, the essential Cd uptake by the plant occurred after the ear-forming stage and was reduced remarkably by a basal application of the amendment materials followed by top application, depending on the activity of raising the soil pH. Combined use of calcium silicate and fused magnesium phosphate for a basal dressing was most effective on Cd uptake, producing rice of the lowest Cd content, one fifth of the control.

2. The content of Cu in rice also decreased with the treatment to an extent second to Cd, while that of Zn and Pb decreased in straw but hardly changed in rice. Cu seemed fastest in the straw-to-grain movement which was also promoted by the treatments.

3. Soil Cd and Cu were less soluble in 0.1 N HCl solutions than were Zn and Pb, with the application of fused phosphate. Soil Cd became more insoluble in the incubated soil in a submerged condition and its solubility appeared to be depressed by the addition of ammonium sulfate.

4. Based on the good results for the control of high Cd rice obtained through three years' survey in the problem area, it was recommended that these materials be used in sufficient quantity to raise soil pH, taking care not to cause delay in the first growth.  相似文献   

Cadmium contamination of soils and rice plants caused by zinc mining V. Removal of soil cadmium by an HCl-leaching method for the control of high Cd rice     

Yasuo Takijima  Futoshi Katsumi  Satoshi Koizumi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):245-254

Abstract

A method of leaching polluted soil with diluted HCl solution was investigated for controlling high Cd in rice. Results obtained in the pot and field experiments are summarized as follows:

1. By leaching the soil in the pot with 0.05 or 0.1 N HCl solution followed by washing with water, soluble heavy metals were remarkably removed in the order of Cd>Cu>Zn?Pb; the Cd content decreased to half with 0.1 N HCI treatment.

2. Heavy metal contents of the plants decreased with the treatments. Especially, Cd content in straw and rice of the soil applied with CaCO₃ after the treatment was one-third and one-fifteenth of the control, respectively.

3. A contaminated paddy field was similarly treated using industrial cone. HCl. One-fourth of the soluble Cd in the surface soil was removed by this method, and the Cd content of the unpolished rice decreased from 0.33 ppm to 0.06 ppm in the plot treated with fused magnesium phosphate and calcium silicate after the treatment.

4. Cd concentration of the drained water from the treated field could soon be diluted far below the allowable limit with the abundant river current. A sufficient supply of calcareous materials was needed to compensate for the lost bases in the soil.  相似文献