Agent-Based Inference for Animal Movement and Selection     

Mevin B. Hooten  Devin S. Johnson  Ephraim M. Hanks  John H. Lowry 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2010,15(4):523-538

Contemporary ecologists often find themselves with an overwhelming amount of data to analyze. For example, it is now possible to collect nearly continuous spatiotemporal data on animal locations via global positioning systems and other satellite telemetry technology. In addition, there is a wealth of readily available environmental data via geographic information systems and remote sensing. We present a modeling framework that utilizes these forms of data and builds on previous research pertaining to the quantitative analysis of animal movement. This approach provides additional insight into the environmental drivers of residence and movement as well as resource selection while accommodating path uncertainty. The methods are demonstrated in an application involving mule deer movement in the La Sal Range, Utah, USA. Supplemental materials for this article are available online.  相似文献   

Rapid impact of Impatiens glandulifera control on above‐ and belowground invertebrate communities     

Suzy V. Wood  Norbert Maczey  Amanda F. Currie  Alyssa J. Lowry  Mojgan Rabiey  Carol A. Ellison  Robert W. Jackson  Alan C. Gange 《Weed Research》2021,61(1):35-44

The annual plant Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is the most widespread invasive non‐native weed in the British Isles. Manual control is widely used, but is costly and laborious. Recently, biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae has been trialled. We designed an experiment to assess the impact of these control methods on invertebrate communities in relation to unmanaged and uninvaded habitats, and to determine whether mycorrhizal inoculation aided post‐control recovery of these communities. Sixty invaded and twenty uninvaded field soil blocks were transplanted to the experiment site, where a mycorrhizal inoculum was added to half of all blocks. Biological and mechanical control treatments were applied to twenty invaded blocks independently; the twenty remaining invaded blocks were left intact. Above‐ and belowground invertebrate samples were collected from the blocks at the end of the growing season. Overall, aboveground invertebrate abundance increased with the removal of I. glandulifera, and several groups showed signs of recovery within one growing season. The effect of mechanical control was more variable in belowground invertebrates. Biological control did not affect aboveground invertebrate abundance but resulted in large increases in populations of belowground Collembola. Our experiment demonstrates that mechanical removal of I. glandulifera can cause rapid increases in invertebrate abundance and that its biological control with P. komarovii var. glanduliferae also has the potential to benefit native invertebrate communities.  相似文献   

Effects of nutrition, sex of calf and breed type on response to zeranol: preweaning growth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B L Woods  N W Bradley  K K Schillo  S R Lowry 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(4):919-922

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of breed, sex and plane of nutrition on the growth response to zeranol in Angus and crossbred calves prior to weaning. Eighty-eight heifers and 118 steers received either a high or low plane of nutrition using a first and last grazing technique. Half of the calves in each nutrition group received a zeranol implant (36 mg) at an average age of 3.4 mo. Both zeranol and the higher level of nutrition increased (P less than .001) growth rate prior to weaning (7.4 mo of age). Zeranol did not affect hip height at weaning (P greater than .1), but calves on the higher plane of nutrition were taller (P less than .01) than calves on the lower plane of nutrition. The zeranol x nutrition interaction was not significant (P greater than .1) for growth rate or hip height. Steers grew faster (P less than .01) preweaning and were taller (P less than .01) at weaning than heifers. Crossbred calves gained more rapidly (P less than .001) preweaning and were taller (P less than .001) at weaning than Angus calves were. Neither sex nor breed interacted with zeranol to influence any of the traits examined. Based on these results we conclude that preweaning growth was affected by zeranol and this effect was consistent across sexes, breeds and planes of nutrition tested.  相似文献   

SAP FOR ANALYSIS BY BLEEDING CORN PLANTS     

Lowry MW  Tabor P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1931,73(1895):453-455

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Tomato chlorosis virus: a new whitefly-transmitted, Phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus of tomato   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wisler GC  Li RH  Liu HY  Lowry DS  Duffus JE 《Phytopathology》1998,88(5):402-409

ABSTRACT Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is the second whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus described infecting tomato. ToCV is distinct from tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), based on lack of serological and nucleic acid cross-reactions and differences in vector specificity. TICV is transmitted only by the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), whereas ToCV is transmitted by the greenhouse whitefly, the banded-wing whitefly (T. abutilonea), and Bemisia tabaci biotypes A and B (B. argentifolii). Double-stranded (ds) RNA analyses of ToCV show two prominent dsRNAs of approximately 7,800 and 8,200 bp, with several small dsRNAs. Digoxigenin-11-UTP-labeled riboprobes derived from cDNA clones representing portions of RNAs 1 and 2 were used in Northern blot hybridizations to detect two large nonhomologous dsRNAs and a subset of smaller dsRNAs. These probes were used in dot blot hybridizations to detect ToCV in infected tomato. Inclusion bodies and cytoplasmic vesicles were consistently observed in phloem tissues of ToCV-infected Nicotiana clevelandii. Computer-assisted sequence analysis showed significant homology between ToCV clones that hybridize specifically with RNAs 1 and 2 and the lettuce infectious yellows virus methyltransferase of RNA 1 and the HSP70 heat shock protein homolog of RNA 2, respectively. Thus, ToCV is another member of the growing subgroup of bipartite closteroviruses transmitted by whiteflies.  相似文献   

Selection for increased incidence of double‐yolked eggs in white leghorn chickens     

H. Abplanalp  Dorothy C. Lowry  J. H. Van Middelkoop 《British poultry science》1977,18(5):585-595

1. Eleven generations of selection on two White Leghorn lines resulted in birds which, on the average, laid at least 30 double‐yolked eggs to 40 weeks of age.

2. The total number of yolks laid to 40 weeks was comparable with that of a control line selected for high egg number.

3. At peak production an F₁ cross of the two inbred lines laid 140 yolks per hundred hens per day.

4. Double‐yolk selected lines when crossed produced hens with a 20% increased body weight.

5. By the 10th and 11th generations the incidence of eggs with three or four yolks was increasing.  相似文献   

Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Tumbar T  Guasch G  Greco V  Blanpain C  Lowry WE  Rendl M  Fuchs E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5656):359-363

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Direct detection of the asteroidal YORP effect     

Lowry SC  Fitzsimmons A  Pravec P  Vokrouhlicky D  Boehnhardt H  Taylor PA  Margot JL  Galád A  Irwin M  Irwin J  Kusnirák P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5822):272-274

The Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect is believed to alter the spin states of small bodies in the solar system. However, evidence for the effect has so far been indirect. We report precise optical photometric observations of a small near-Earth asteroid, (54509) 2000 PH5, acquired over 4 years. We found that the asteroid has been continuously increasing its rotation rate omega over this period by domega/dt = 2.0 (+/-0.2) x 10(-4) degrees per day squared. We simulated the asteroid's close Earth approaches from 2001 to 2005, showing that gravitational torques cannot explain the observed spin rate increase. Dynamical simulations suggest that 2000 PH5 may reach a rotation period of approximately 20 seconds toward the end of its expected lifetime.  相似文献   

Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin   总被引：286，自引：0，他引：286  

K J Tracey  B Beutler  S F Lowry  J Merryweather  S Wolpe  I W Milsark  R J Hariri  T J Fahey  A Zentella  J D Albert 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4775):470-474

Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor), a protein produced in large quantities by endotoxin-activated macrophages, has been implicated as an important mediator of the lethal effect of endotoxin. Recombinant human cachectin was infused into rats in an effort to determine whether cachectin, by itself, can elicit the derangements of host physiology caused by administration of endotoxin. When administered in quantities similar to those produced endogenously in response to endotoxin, cachectin causes hypotension, metabolic acidosis, hemoconcentration, and death within minutes to hours, as a result of respiratory arrest. Hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia were also observed after infusion. At necropsy, diffuse pulmonary inflammation and hemorrhage were apparent on gross and histopathologic examination, along with ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and acute renal tubular necrosis. Thus, it appears that a single protein mediator (cachectin) is capable of inducing many of the deleterious effects of endotoxin.  相似文献   

Severity of liver abscesses and efficiency of feed utilization of feedlot cattle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D R Brink  S R Lowry  R A Stock  J C Parrott 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(5):1201-1207

Relationships of gain, intake, feed efficiency and severity of liver abscesses were evaluated in 12 experiments involving 566 head of individually fed cattle. Concentrate level in the diets ranged from 64 to 95%. In all experiments, livers were scored as unabscessed (0), one or two small abscesses (A-), two to four small active abscesses (A) or one or more large, active abscesses (A+). Based on homogeneity of variances, nine of the experiments were divided into two groups. In one group (four experiments) the incidence of liver abscesses was 32.1% and no significant (P greater than .25) effects of liver abscess severity score on feedlot performance variables were found. In the second group (five experiments), the incidence of liver abscesses was 77.7%. In the second group, liver abscess severity score affected final live weight (P less than .10), hot carcass weight (P less than .0001), dry matter intake (P less than .10), daily gain based on live weight recorded 24 h prior to slaughter (P less than .10), daily gain based on live weight estimated from hot carcass weight with a 62% dressing percentage (P less than .0001), feed efficiency using final live weight estimated from hot carcass weight (P less than .0001) and dressing percentage (P less than .01). In all cases, performance means for cattle with A+ liver scores were the only ones that differed significantly from those of non-abscessed cattle.  相似文献