Spatially discriminating Russian wheat aphid induced plant stress from other wheat stressing factors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Georges F. Backoulou  Norman C. ElliottKristopher Giles  Mpho PhoofoloVasile Catana  Mustafa MirikJerry Michels 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,78(2):123-129

The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) is a major pest of winter wheat and barley in the United States. RWA induces stress to the wheat crop by damaging plant foliage, lowering the greenness of plants, and affecting productivity. The utilization of multispectral remote sensing is effective at detecting plant stress in agricultural crops. Stress to wheat plants detected in fields can be caused by several factors that can vary spatially in their presence and intensity across a field. Stress can result from factors such as nutrient deficiency, drought, diseases, and pests that can occur individually or collectively. The present study investigated the potential of using spatial pattern metrics derived from multispectral images in combination with topographic and edaphic variables to identify a set of variables to differentiate the stress induced by RWA from other stress causing factors. A discriminant function analysis was applied to 15 discriminating variables. A set of 13 variables were retained to develop a model to differentiate the three types of stress. Overall, 97 percent of patches of stress used to validate the model were correctly categorized. Stressed patches caused by RWA were 98 percent correctly classified, patches caused by drought were 94 percent correctly classified, and patches caused by agronomic conditions were 99 correctly classified. It is possible to discriminate stress induced by RWA from other stress causing factors in multispectral data when spatial attributes of the stress causing factors are incorporated in the analysis.  相似文献   

Methoxyfenozide resistance of the housefly,Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae): cross‐resistance patterns,stability and associated fitness costs          下载免费PDF全文

Rizwan Mustafa Shah  Sarfraz Ali Shad  Naeem Abbas 《Pest management science》2017,73(1):254-261

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Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance in an alluvial delta plain under different land uses in middle Black Sea Region of Turkey     

Mustafa Sağlam  Orhan Dengiz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(1):60-73

The aim of this study was to analyse the soil compaction and its spatial variability on an alluvial plain in K?z?l?rmak River Delta in Turkey, which is an important agricultural area where vegetable, rice, cereals and other crops have been grown under conventional tillage and irrigation over a long period. Penetration resistance (PR) was measured at 5 cm depth intervals between 0 and 40 cm soil depth, and gravimetric water content (GWC), field capacity (FC) and texture were determined for 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. Penetration resistance values in some parts of the area were higher than the critical value for root growth limitation, the mean PR values at all depths were considerably lower than the critical value despite a relative increase in PR with soil depth. The areas with values greater than 3.0 MPa, except for 0–5 cm, were generally located in the fields with high sand content, especially near the K?z?l?rmak River. In contrast, for 0–5 cm, the areas with PR greater than 3.0 MPa, which is the value accepted for root growth limitation, were usually located in the west and northwest of the study area and had a high clay content.  相似文献   

Occurrence of Viruses Affecting Potato Crops in Khartoum State-Sudan     

Nafisa H. Baldo  Siddig M. Elhassan  Mustafa M. A. Elballa 《Potato Research》2010,53(1):61-67

The incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), and Potato virus Y (PVY) in potato crops derived from various types of seed potatoes was assessed visually and confirmed by direct tissue blot immunoassay, over two winter growing seasons (1999/2000, 2000/2001) at three locations, Elnaiya, Elshehinab, and Shambat in Khartoum State, the main potato growing region in Sudan. Virus infection was most prevalent in 2000/2001. In general, crops grown directly from imported certified seed potatoes and from “improved seed”, produced in Sudan from imported basic seed, showed the lowest levels of PLRV and PVY compared with crops grown from Sudanese farm saved seed. For AMV, however, only crops grown directly from imported certified seed potatoes had low levels of AMV. Crop location also affected virus incidence, although this varied with year. For AMV, levels were similar at all locations in 1999/2000, but were greatest at Elnaiya in 2000/2001. For PVY, levels were greatest at Elnaiya in 1999/2000 and Shambat in 2000/2001. For PLRV, no symptoms were observed in 1999/2000 and virus levels were similar for all locations in 2000/2001. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of AMV in potatoes grown in Sudan.  相似文献   

印度尼西亚辣椒概况     

Usman Mustafa  Mubarik Ali  戴雄泽 《辣椒杂志》2010,(2):46-49

<正>印度尼西亚是世界上岛屿最多的国家,由Java、Sumatra、Sulawesi、Kalimantan和IrianJaya等5个较大的岛屿组成。辣椒是印度尼西亚人的重要蔬菜和调味佳品,咖喱饭调味品是最具特色的辣椒制品。  相似文献   

Effect of scale color on the antioxidant capacity of onions     

Ali Fuat Gökçe  Cemal Kaya  Sedat Serçe  Mustafa Özgen 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

The bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) has been cultivated for thousands of years and used as an important component of human diet. Recent studies suggest that onions can be used to cure, reduce, or prevent some of the health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, antidiabetic, asthma, antibiosis, and prebiotic effects due to its high antioxidant effect. In this study, we determined the antioxidant capacities of a wide range of onion cultivars; nine commercial cultivars and five advance selections differing in color. The variables tested include bulb size, scale color, total phenolic (TP), total antioxidant activity determined by both “Ferric reducing ability of plasma” (FRAP) and “Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity” (TEAC). We found that yellow onion had the greatest TP content (3.7 mg GAE/g dw); and, the red group had higher TP mean than the white group (2.2 mg GAE/g dw vs. 1.1 mg GAE/g dw). For the antioxidant capacity measurements, the red group had the greatest means by both methods (15.4 μmol TE/g dw and 9.3 μmol TE/g dw for TEAC and FRAP). Yellow onions had higher TEAC (14.7 μmol TE/g dw vs. 8.7 μmol TE/g dw) and FRAP values (9.8 μmol TE/g dw vs. 5.6 μmol TE/g dw) than white onions. Among the cultivars tested great differences of TP, TEAC and FRAP was observed. The TP content of Me-Tan 88 (8.3 mg GAE/g dw) was two times higher than the yellow group. Yellow color Dayton had the greatest TEAC (20.5 μmol TE/g dw) and FRAP (12.3 μmol TE/g dw) means followed by yellow color Me-Tan 88 (19.4 and 11.4 μmol TE/g dw). The two antioxidant measurements were found to be highly correlated (0.99) where absolute values of FRAP were about 40% less than those of TEAC. The values of TEAC and FRAP were significantly correlated by TP with similar rs (0.74 and 0.73, respectively). TP, TEAC and FRAP were significantly and positively correlated to soluble solids (0.41, 0.43, and 0.40, respectively). Our results suggested that the red onions had higher antioxidant activities than yellow and white onions although yellow onions had the richest phenolic contents.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary supplementation of a commercial prebiotic Previda® on survival,growth, immune responses and gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

J.D. Anuta  A. Buentello  S. Patnaik  M.E. Hume  A. Mustafa  D.M. Gatlin III  A.L. Lawrence 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(2):410-418

A 35‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate growth, bacterial populations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing the commercial prebiotic Previda^®. Diets were formulated to contain Previda^® at 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.6 g kg^?1 by weight. At the end of the study, differences in weight gain and survival among treatments were not significant (P > 0.05), but denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the microbial communities in the GIT changed significantly with the inclusion of dietary Previda^® at different levels. Previda^® was therefore able to selectively modify the microbial communities in the shrimp's GIT. Although individual bacterial species were not identified, enteric populations in shrimp fed the prebiotic at similar levels of inclusion were genetically similar. In addition, shrimp fed Previda^® at 1.6 g kg^?1 responded significantly (P < 0.05) better immunologically with respect to hemocyte phagocytic capacity, haemolymph protein, hyaline cell counts and haemolymph glucose compared with shrimp fed the basal diet. Although shrimp were not exposed to virulent pathogens in this study, the observed upregulation of some of imm‐une responses upon prebiotic supplementation indicates that an improved outcome of such challenges may be anticipated in Previda^®‐fed shrimp under commercial conditions.  相似文献   

Microscopic, serologic and molecular surveys on Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs, Turkey     

Simsek S  Ozkanlar Y  Balkaya I  Aktas MS 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,183(1-2):109-113

The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection was evaluated in stray dogs of Erzurum, Turkey. A total of 123 whole-blood and 93 sera samples were collected from stray dogs older than 6 months were lived in animal shelter. The PCR and direct microscopic examinations were used for the detection of microfilaria and indirect-ELISA was performed for the detection of anti-D. immitis antibodies. The prevalence of D. immitis in the canine population was 8.1% by PCR, 2.1% by ELISA. In addition, microfilaria burdens of Dirofilaria sp. was 4.8% by direct blood smear examination. There was a statistical difference (P=0.05) in the prevalence between males (10.5%) and females (2.3%) by direct blood smear examination. Similarly there was a statistical difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence between males (15.8%) and females (4.7%) by PCR. Dogs belonging to the 0.5-1 years old group showed the highest prevalence than 2-4 ages group with three tests. Among the 93 samples screened by the ELISA, two samples were positive for the D. immitis antibodies. Both positive dogs with ELISA were females.  相似文献   

Co-Ion Effect on Cr3+ Sorption by Amberlyst-15(H+)     

Syed Mustafa  Khizar Hussain Shah  Abdul Naeem  Muhammad Waseem  Tauqeer Ahmad  Sadullah Khan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,217(1-4):57-65

Cr³⁺ sorption on strong acid exchanger Amberlyst-15(H⁺) is studied as a function of time and temperature using CrCl₃.6H₂O and [Cr₄(SO₄)₅(OH)₂] solutions. The rate is found to be governed by a mixed diffusion for both the solutions and faster for Cl^1? solution than SO₄ ^2?. The exchange capacities are found to be higher for Cl^1? system than SO₄ ^2?. From the rate constant values, the energies of activation are calculated using the well-known Arrhenius equation. Equilibrium data is explained with the help of the Langmuir equation. The Langmuir parameters are also found to be higher for exchange from the chloride solutions. Various thermodynamic parameters (??H^o, ??S^o, and ??G^o) for Cr³⁺ exchange on the resin are calculated. The ??G^o values are found to be negative while ??H^o and ??S^o are positive for both the Cr³⁺/Cl^1? and Cr³⁺/SO₄ ^2? systems. It is suggested that in case of Cl^1? solutions, the metal is exchanged as Cr³⁺, while in case of SO₄ ^2? solutions, the metal exchanging specie is CrSO₄ ⁺.  相似文献   

Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs     

Rachel Pilla  Frederic P. Gaschen  James W. Barr  Erin Olson  Julia Honneffer  Blake C. Guard  Amanda B. Blake  Dean Villanueva  Mohammad R. Khattab  Mustafa K. AlShawaqfeh  Jonathan A. Lidbury  Jörg M. Steiner  Jan S. Suchodolski 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(5):1853-1866

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