温室分层土壤条件下滴头流量和间距对湿润体的影响     

王舒  李光永  王占胜  邱江泉 《灌溉排水学报》2005,24(4):36-40

基于温室田间土壤大多容重分层和不均匀的特点,进行了原状分层、分层筛分均质和筛分均质3种土壤对湿润体影响的对比研究。试验地土壤为粉土(中国制分类),原状分层和分层筛分均质土壤0~20 cm容重为1.44 g/cm3,20~40 cm为1.63 g/cm3,40~60 cm为1.55 g/cm3,筛分均质土壤采用0~60 cm平均容重1.54 g/cm3。滴头流量设2.7 L/h和1.4 L/h二种,滴头间距有30,50,70,100 cm四种,采用剖面法观测土壤含水率和湿润体发展。试验结果表明:①湿润体在现场原状分层土壤、分层均质和均质土壤中有很大的区别,分层筛分均质和筛分均质土壤中均为碗状原状,而分层土壤的湿润体形状在灌水量较小时为碗状,随灌水时间的延长,其形状逐渐变为椭柱体;②土壤容重分层情况对湿润锋的运移影响很大,分层土壤由于20~40 cm容重较大纵向湿润锋发展缓慢,灌水历时8 h时最大纵向湿润锋分别为27 cm和25 cm,且原状分层土壤灌水量较大时出现0 cm深度处横向湿润锋小于-7~-13 cm深度处湿润锋现象;而筛分均质土壤中纵向湿润锋明显大于分层土壤,灌水历时8 h时最大纵向湿润锋为32 cm;③原状分层土壤湿润体内平均含水率高于分层筛分均质和筛分均质土壤,但各组均高于田持,土壤含水率均匀度均在82%以上。基于这种结果,建议设计湿润比应根据温室土壤特点和设计灌水量进行现场测试确定,这样更符合实际情况。  相似文献   

粳型杂种稻米品质性状的表现及遗传控制   总被引：40，自引：3，他引：40  

李欣  汤述翥  印志同  朱毅华  王安民  莫惠栋 《作物学报》2000,26(4):411-419

研究了由4个不育系及其保持系与7个恢复系配组的24个粳型杂种的9个品质性状的遗传表现 , 结果表明： (1)杂种粳米的品质性状表现普遍介于双亲之间, 但粒宽和直链淀粉含量有 较多的超高亲组合, 糙米率和精米率有较多的超低亲组合。 (2)杂种的整精米率、 粒长、 粒宽、 垩白率、 糊化温度5个性状与不育系呈显著正相关; 糙米  相似文献   

不同类型水稻品种的产量与食味品质的关系比较   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

于洪兰  王伯伦  王术  佟伟  王一  黄元财  蒋文春 《作物杂志》2009,(1)

本试验采用辽宁省近年来主栽的13个水稻品种为试验材料,研究不同类型水稻品种的产量与品质间的差异和相互关系,以期为高产优质栽培及育种提供理论基础.结果表明:不同类型水稻品种的产量为:密穗型>中间型>散穗型.密穗型品种的成粒数、总颖花数均高于散穗型品种.密穗型品种的食味值高于散穗型品种;密穗型品种的蛋白质含量低于散穗型品种.着粒密度8.5～9.2粒/cm,320万～330万穗/hm2,每穗颖花数150～170个,成粒数达125～150粒/穗,产量和食味品质均能达到较高水平,因此,中间类型品种具有更高产优质的潜力.  相似文献   

黄瓜根腐病致病病原的鉴定   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王惠哲  李淑菊  马德华  董金皋 《华北农学报》2003,18(2):74-77

在天津市及周边地区采集病株进行组织分离，同时分离到两类病原菌，经初步的生物学特性鉴定表明，引起黄瓜根腐病的主要病原菌为甜瓜疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌。经接种试验，认为甜瓜疫霉为主要致病菌。  相似文献   

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chunhui Huang  Bo Yu  Yuanwen Teng  Jun Su  Qun Shu  Zaiquan Cheng  Liqiong Zeng 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.  相似文献   

草方格铺设机器人多体动力学仿真与试   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘晋浩  潘海兵  舒庆 《农业机械学报》2009,40(6):153-157

采用Pro/E和ADAMS软件相结合的方法,建立了草方格铺设机器人动力学模型,同时探讨了二者联合建模仿真的一般步骤.模型添加必要的边界条件后,对纵向压轮和横向插刀正常动作时的草方格铺设机器人振动状态进行了仿真.通过仿真,得到了牵引车、纵向铺设机构、横向铺设机构、纵向压轮和横向插刀质心的位移、速度以及加速度曲线.分析了这些曲线出现波动的原因,为进一步的优化提供了数据.通过试验,得到实际状态下的试验曲线,并与仿真曲线进行对照,证实了草方格铺设机器人仿真模型和仿真结果的合理性和可靠性.  相似文献   

温度对“杰兔”兔眼蓝莓花粉活力及柱头可授性的影响     

杨芩  万兴权  李东平  李性苑  张婷渟  彭舒 《北方园艺》2017,(14)

以5年生兔眼蓝莓品种"杰兔"为试材,研究了温度对花粉活力和柱头可授性的影响,在此基础上开展了花粉活力和柱头可授性与温度的回归分析,以期阐明温度对蓝莓授粉的影响,明确蓝莓花粉活力和柱头可授性的最适温度,为蓝莓生产栽培花期管理,人工辅助授粉天气选择及温度抗性育种积累科学依据。结果表明:温度对"杰兔"的花粉活力和柱头可授性有显著影响,当温度显著降低或升高时花粉活力和柱头可授性均显著下降,当日均温为2.4℃时花粉活力仅为14.0%,同时柱头不具可授性,当最高温为32.3℃时花粉活力亦仅为41.0%,同时仅30.0%的柱头具强可授性。回归分析结果表明,"杰兔"花粉活力最高的适宜温度为21.5℃,柱头可授性最强的适宜温度为18.2℃。  相似文献   

一株溶磷菌的分离鉴定及溶磷促生作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛应钰  叶巍  杨树  李培  徐秉良 《干旱地区农业研究》2019,37(4):253-262

为了提高土壤磷素利用率,为微生物磷肥开发提供高效菌种资源,采用平板分离法从荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺根际土壤分离筛选出一株溶磷能力强的真菌P-1407,对其溶磷特性、产酸特性和耐盐碱特性进行研究。结果表明,液体条件下培养10 d,菌株 P-1407对 Ca₃( PO₄)₂表现出高效的溶解能力,最大溶磷量为557 μg·mL^-1;其溶磷量和pH值变化呈显著负相关,溶磷过程中分泌的有机酸种类主要为葡萄糖酸、草酸及甲酸;在高浓度 NaCl 和较高的pH值条件下仍保持较高的溶磷能力;结合培养性状、显微形态特征和ITS rDNA序列分析,鉴定菌株P-1407为草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalicum）;盆栽试验表明,P-1407菌株对番茄的促生作用较对照显著提高,番茄种子发芽率提高了2.53%,番茄植株的株高、根长、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部鲜重和地下部干重分别增加了109.27%、78.41%、82.95%、121.69%、94.74%和64.71%。因此,P-1407是一株展现良好应用前景的高效溶磷菌种,有望为土壤的改良和生物菌肥的开发提供种质资源。  相似文献