Allelopathic effects of Mikania cordata on forest and agricultural crops in Bangladesh     

M. K. Hossain  S. Anwar  R. Nandi 《林业研究》2016,27(1):155-159

Mikania cordata, an invasive weed is becoming a problem in the secondary degraded forests and plantations of Bangladesh, not only competing with but also releasing allelochemicals to cultivated crops. Allelopathic effects of the leaves of M. cordata were investigated through an experiment in the green house of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Five economically important agricultural crops(Oryza sativa L., Triticum aestivum L., Vigna sinensis L., Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Amaranthus tricolor L.) and three forest crops(Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth. Hook, Albizia procera(Roxb.) Benth.,and Paraserianthes falcataria(L.) Nielson) were used as bioassay species. Experiments were conducted on trays at an average room temperature 27 °C. The effects of different concentrations of leaf extracts were compared to controls. Water soluble allelochemicals of M. cordata inhibited the germination and initial growth of the tested agricultural and forest crops. Germination percent of forest crops declined with increasing concentration of extracts.The inhibitory effect on root elongation of forest crops was pronounced, whereas a stimulatory effect was found on P.falcataria up to a concentration of 25 %. Abelmoschus esculentus showed poor germination(%) and low shoot development(0.5 cm) and no development of taproot or lateral roots at treatment of 100 % concentration. Theinhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts with higher concentrations producing stronger inhibitory effects. Lower concentrations showed some stimulatory effect. The inhibitory effect was pronounced in root and lateral root development rather than germination or shoot development of the crops. Mikania cordata should be eradicated for healthy growth and development of the forest and adjacent agricultural crops.  相似文献   

The genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Luteovirus</Emphasis> from infection to disease     

Muhammad Ali  Sidra Anwar  Malik Nawaz Shuja  Rajiv Kumar Tripathi  Jaswinder Singh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(4):841-860

Luteoviruses are economically important plant viruses. Specifically, barley yellow dwarf virus is epiphytotic to almost all small-grain cereal growing areas. The disease cycle is complex. This luteovirus has evolved several intelligent mechanisms to communicate with both plant and phloem-feeding insect-vector aphid. Environmental cues influence disease severity, aphid infestation and viral load. Within an aphid, virus circulates persistently in a non-propagative manner and is transmitted selectively to the host plants. Selection of viruses within aphids has a role in virus isolate prevalence over a specific area. In the host-plant system, the virus has to release its single sense-strand RNA genome (approx. 5.6 to 6 kb), translate and subsequently replicate its genome using its own replicase and host machinery. This review summarizes our current understanding of disease epidemiology and reviews the current literature encompassing viral infectivity, economic impact and control measures.  相似文献   

中国水仙R2R3-MYB基因NtMYB5的克隆和功能研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴嘉诚  王桂青  Muhammad Anwar  曾黎辉 《园艺学报》2018,45(7):1327-1337

为研究中国水仙（Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis）中类黄酮代谢途径的调控网络,从其转录组中筛选出1条R2R3-MYB基因并从花瓣cDNA中克隆其编码区全长序列,命名为NtMYB5。NtMYB5开放阅读框为681 bp,编码226个氨基酸。蛋白多重序列比对分析发现NtMYB5含有R2和R3结构域以及1个pdLNLD/ELxiG/S氨基酸基序;系统进化树分析表明,NtMYB5与花青素合成抑制因子亲缘关系最近;通过对NtMYB5在中国水仙中的表达检测发现,其表达量在花器官中较高,且随花开放逐渐上升;在烟草瞬时表达中,NtMYB5显著抑制花青素合成促进因子StMYB的效果;转NtMYB5烟草花瓣颜色变浅,qPCR检测表明NtMYB5抑制类黄酮代谢途径大部分结构基因表达。NtMYB5为中国水仙中花青素合成抑制因子。  相似文献   

Analysis of genetic diversity of soybean germplasm from five different origins using RAPD markers     

Muhammad Faisal Anwar Malik  Afsari S. Qureshi  Muhammad Rashid Khan  Muhammad Ashraf  Gul Naz 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(2):148-154

The pattern of genetic diversity among 92 genotypes of soybean from 5 different origins/sources (Pakistan, the USA, Asian Vegetable Research Development Centre (AVRDC), Japan and North Korea) was analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Out of 20 random primers 6 tested, 10 were polymorphic among genotypes and they yielded 107 markers, with an average of 10.7 markers per primer. The proportion of polymorphic bands within genotypes ranged from 0.47 to 0.71 with an average of 0.59. Pakistani and US genotypes exhibited the highest number of polymorphic bands (95%), while North Korean genotypes revealed the lowest (60%). The mean band frequency of the primers among genotypes was 0.57 with a range of 0.08–0.99. The Shannon’s index and Nei’s genetic diversity index revealed that primer OPF-06 showed maximum genetic diversity among the genotypes. Dendrogram constructed using Unweighted Pair Group Mean Average (UPGMA) method divided the genotypes into 5 main groups consisting of 13 clusters. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the genetic diversity between Pakistani and US or AVRDC genotypes is much larger than that between Pakistani and North Korean or Japanese genotypes. The Pakistani genotypes had distinct bands from plant introductions. Therefore, the Pakistani genotypes may be useful to soybean breeders.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐市郊区及周边地区地衣物种多样性的比较研究     

吐尔逊阿衣·达吾提  努尔曼·阿不都热合曼  阿孜古力·玉素甫  阿不都拉·阿巴斯  艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔 《新疆农业科学》2010,47(11):2302

[目的]地衣对空气污染有所加重,近年来随着乌鲁木齐市城市化速度的加快,空气污染有所加重,影响了该市郊区地衣植物的分布和生存.为了查明乌鲁木齐市郊区地衣物种多样性,对该地区地衣植物进行了野外调查.[方法]从2009年7月～2010年4月,根据实地调查数据并结合前人的研究资料,采用了显色反应、微量结晶法(MCT)和薄层色谱法(TLC)等方法对该地区地衣植物进行了初步的研究.[结果]通过研究鉴定出分布在乌鲁木齐郊区及周边地区的地衣共有25种(其中6个种未定种名),它们属于5个目、14个科和16个属.[结论]乌鲁木齐市郊区及周边地区地衣物种多样性比较低,随着离市区距离越远,地衣种类逐渐增加,说明该市空气污染影响了郊区及周边地区地衣种类的分布.  相似文献   

Effect of outdoor exposure on some properties of resin-treated plybamboo     

U.M.K. Anwar  H. Hamdan 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(1):140-145

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate some of the physical and mechanical properties of resin-treated plywood type panels manufactured from bamboo strips (Gigantochloa scortechinii). Experimental plybamboo samples were made from low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LMwPF) treated bamboo strips. They were exposed to outdoor condition ranging from 1 to 12 months. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), compression strength, and surface roughness of treated and untreated samples were evaluated. Resin impregnated samples had the highest bending and compression strength properties. While the untreated samples failed after 3-month of outdoor exposure. Treated specimens exposed for 12-month had the MOE, MOR, and compression strength values of 14,253 N/mm², 101.3 N/mm², and 34.63 N/mm², respectively. Surface quality of both treated and untreated samples was adversely influenced as the function of outdoor exposure time, based on numerical values obtained from a stylus type equipment. Overall properties of treated samples tested in work resulted in higher values than those of untreated samples. It appears that resin impregnation could be considered as an alternative method to enhance the characteristics of plybamboo exposed to environmental conditions as can be concluded from the results of this study.  相似文献   

不同休眠时间对葡萄萌芽期生长发育的影响     

吴久赟  郭峰  陈玲  艾尼瓦尔  胡西丹  郝庆 《新疆农业科学》2015,52(4):643

[目的]通过环境调控,减少休眠时间,观察葡萄萌芽期的生长发育情况.[方法]以火焰无核葡萄为试材,设置休眠时间为14,20,27和33 d四个处理,以不做任何处理为对照(CK),通过适宜的温度调控,定期观察比较不同休眠时间对葡萄萌芽期生长发育的影响.[结果]通过不同休眠时间对葡萄的萌芽影响来看,休眠14 d结果系数最大,比CK提前39 d萌芽,休眠时间27d萌芽率较高,但葡萄成枝率、果枝率较低.[结论]适当控制休眠时间对火焰无核葡萄提早萌芽、萌芽率、结果系数等有利,但对成枝率和果枝率不利,还需深入探讨研究.  相似文献   

中小型规模智慧农业物联网终端节点设计   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

万雪芬  郑涛  崔剑  蒋学芹  Sardar Muhammad Sohail  杨义 《农业工程学报》2020,36(13):306-314

为了能够向中小规模农业生产经营者提供深度定制的农业物联网技术,该研究研发了一种可用于农业设备信息化的智慧农业物联网终端节点。通过该终端节点将农业设备柔性接入物联网体系,并依托管理服务层App实现应用层App功能开发。系统硬件利用可编程片上系统的IP核重用技术实现对各种农业设备的接入,实现各农业场景中根据设备具体情况进行定制化应用。系统传输层采用LoRa广域网与蓝牙技术,支撑集中式与分布式农业管理服务体系。管理服务层App对底层节点设备操作与Android功能操作进行封装,实现应用层与底层功能结构的解耦,避免了应用层App开发时结构复杂、对底层功能结构变化适应性差、开发周期长等问题。实践应用结果表明,该农业物联网终端节点可有效实现对农业设备的接入,具有1500VDC的电磁隔离能力;节点的LoRa无线数据通道在无严重降雨的天气中数据包传输成功率接近100%,蓝牙可支持周围3m范围内的移动设备现场接入;管理服务层App可有效支撑应用层功能快速开发;在直连上位机模式下,应用层App到节点设备间的功能延时分别小于400与1 700 ms,系统运行稳定,功能支撑可靠。该方法可为国内中小规模农业经营者的物联网信息化建设提供支持与参考。  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation has similar benefits to fertilization for Thuja occidentalis L. seedling nutrition and growth on peat soil over a range of pH: implications for restoration     

Anwar  Guswarni  Lilleskov  Erik A.  Chimner  Rodney A. 《New Forests》2020,51(2):297-311

New Forests - Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are hypothesized to assist growth of northern white-cedar in acid peatlands, yet there is little direct evidence that they can provide sufficient...  相似文献   

Gastrointestinal helminths of horses in Iran     

A. Mirzayans  M. Anwar  H. Maghsoudloo 《Tropical animal health and production》1974,6(2):106-106

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