Effects of grain angles of face veneer on surface wave velocities and dynamic shear moduli of wood-based composites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yingcheng Hu  Tetsuya Nakao  Takahisa Nakai  Jiyou Gu  Fenghu Wang 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(3):286-289

The effects of grain angle of face veneer on surface wave velocity and dynamic shear modulus of three types of wood-based composites were examined using a surface wave propagation method. It was found that grain-angle dependence of surface wave velocity and dynamic shear modulus indeed exists for wood-based composites. Grain angles of face veneer were found to have substantial effects on the surface wave velocities and dynamic shear moduli of wood–plastic composite (WP), wood–fiberboard composite (WF), and wood–metal composite (WM). The orthotropic properties of the three composites were defined as the ratio of surface wave velocities at 0° and 90° grain angles (V₀/V₉₀), which were 3.7, 2.2, and 2.0 for WP, WF, and WM, respectively. For WP, WF, and WM, the dynamic shear moduli in the 90° grain angle of face veneer were approximately 7%, 19%, and 25% of that in the 0° grain angle, respectively. The relationships between grain angles of face veneer and the shear moduli of the three types of wood-based composites could be represented by Hankinson’s equation, and their optimal n values were 2.1, 1.2, and 1.3 for WP, WF, and WM, respectively.Part of this study was presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Chugoku Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, September 2003  相似文献   

Two independent gene loci controlling non-brittle pedicels in buckwheat     

Katsuhiro Matsui  Takahisa Tetsuka  Takahiro Hara 《Euphytica》2003,134(2):203-208

The shattering habit in buckwheat occurs because of brittle or weak pedicels. Brittle pedicels are observed in wild buckwheat but not in cultivated buckwheat. Using 2 self-compatible lines, 01AMU2 with brittle pedicels and Kyukei SC2 (KSC2) with non-brittle pedicels, produced by an interspecific cross between Fagopyrum esculentum cv Botansoba (non-brittle) andF. homotropicum (brittle), we investigated the inheritance of brittle pedicels. F₁ plants derived from crosses between Botansoba × 01AMU2 and Botansoba × KSC2 had brittle pedicels. The F₂ population derived from the cross between Botansoba × 01AMU2 showed segregation of brittle and non-brittle pedicels that fit the expected 3:1 ratio, suggesting that non-brittle pedicel in Botansoba is controlled by a single recessive gene (sht1). Another F₂ population, derived from the cross between Botansoba × KSC2, showed segregation of brittle and non-brittle pedicels that fit an expected ratio of 9:7,suggesting that non-brittle pedicel in KSC2is controlled by a different single recessive gene (sht2). Thus, brittle pedicel is achieved by 2 complementary genes Sht1 and Sht2. The sht1 locus is linked to the S locus with a recombination frequency of5.46±1.18 (%). We investigated whether common buckwheat has the allele sht2by crossing 6 common buckwheat lines withKSC2. An analysis of the preliminary data showed that some of the F₁ had brittle pedicels and others had non-brittle pedicels, suggesting that some common buckwheat lines possess both the allelesSht2 and sht2. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A Model Analysis of Transport of Sulfur Oxides in China and Outflow to the Sea     

Takahisa Maeda  Masayasu Hayashi  Ryoichi Imasu  Zifa Wang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):355-360

A numerical analysis of modeled long-range transport of sulfur oxides in the continental areas of East Asia with some verification was introduced. Although several modeling studies on acidic deposition in East Asia have been done, only few cases have verified in wide areas. In this study, the model calculation has been compared with the monthly averaged sulfur concentration in precipitation observed at 69 locations widely covering China from July 1992 through January 1993. Additionally, the atmosphericSO₂ ⁹⁰Sr concentration along the east coast of the continent was also compared with the observation in May 1993, and found to be reasonably consistent. Basing on these comparisons, the budget of sulfur oxides in China, especially about the outflow from the east coast to the sea areas was examined considering the seasonal variation of distribution of wet deposition and the pathways of atmospheric sulfur oxides. The seasonal variation of these indices was found to have large difference between the north and the south of 35°N. The outflow from the east coast increased remarkably in winter due to the decrease of deposition in the inland areas along the transport pathways.  相似文献   

Effect of viral inoculum size on appearance of clinical signs in equine Getah virus infection.     

M Kamada  R Wada  T Kumanomido  H Imagawa  T Sugiura  Y Fukunaga 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(5):803-806

A study was performed to examine the effect of viral inoculum size on the appearance of clinical signs in equine Getah virus (GV) infection by intramuscular inoculation with 10(1.3) to 10(6.3) TCID50 of the MI-110 strain in 6 experimental horses. When inoculated with more than 10(3.3) TCID50 of the virus, every horse developed pyrexia, edema in the hind legs, serous nasal discharge, lymphopenia and viremia in the relatively early stage of disease. On the other hand, enlargement of the submandibular lymph node was observed only in horses inoculated with 10(5.3) and 10(6.3) TCID50 of the virus, while typical eruptions were developed in every horse inoculated with 10(4.3) TCID50 or less. These results demonstrated that the appearance of clinical signs in equine GV infection was dependent on viral inoculum size. Besides, it was assumed to be rare chance that eruptions and enlargement of the submandibular lymph node were developed simultaneously in a horse.  相似文献   

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in ribosomal protein L27a gene with marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle     

Takahisa YAMADA  Seiki SASAKI  Shin SUKEGAWA  Takeshi MIYAKE  Tatsuo FUJITA  Hiroyuki KOSE  Mitsuo MORITA  Youichi TAKAHAGI  Hiroshi MURAKAMI  Fumiki MORIMATSU  Yoshiyuki SASAKI 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(6):631-635

Marbling, defined by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat, is an economically important trait of beef cattle in Japan. The c2‐11#2 expressed sequence tag (EST) has been previously shown to possess expression difference in musculus longissimus muscle between low‐marbled and high‐marbled steer groups, and to be located within genomic region of a quantitative trait locus for marbling. Thus, the ribosomal protein L27a (RPL27A) gene containing the c2‐11#2 EST sequence was considered as a positional candidate for the gene responsible for marbling. In the present study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the RPL27A, referred to as g.3109537C>T, was detected between the 2 steer groups. The SNP was associated with the predicted breeding value for beef marbling standard number by the analyses using Japanese Black beef cattle population. The effect of genotypes of the SNP on the predicted breeding value for subcutaneous fat thickness was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that the RPL27A SNP may be useful for effective marker‐assisted selection to increase the levels of marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle.  相似文献   

Pathological findings of Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, 2013–2016          下载免费PDF全文

Jun Sasaki  Kayoko Hiratani  Itaru Sato  Hiroshi Satoh  Yoshitaka Deguchi  Hiroyuki Chida  Masahiro Natsuhori  Takahisa Murata  Kenji Ochiai  Kumiko Otani  Keiji Okada  Nobuhiko Ito 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2084-2089

Fifty‐one Japanese black cattle from four farms in the evacuation zone of the Fukushima nuclear accident were examined pathologically during the period, 2013–2016. We found no evidence of a radiation effect on pathological findings in any of these autopsy cases, although nine cases (3.7%) of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and three cases (1.2%) of goiter were diagnosed. Estimated integrating dose of external exposure in EBL cases ranged from a maximum of 1200 mSv to a minimum of 72 mSv. Clinically, five cases showed wobble, dysstasia or paralysis. Exophthalmos was observed in three cases. Macroscopically, enlarged lymph nodes, multiple irregular masses of intra‐abdominal and intrapelvic adipose tissue, diffuse thickening of the abomasal submucosa with ulceration, and numerous white nodules of myocardium were observed. Histologically, neoplastic lymphoid cells were extensively proliferated and infiltrated in the lesions. Lymphoid tumor cells showed mature or large lymphoblastic appearance. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for BLA‐36, CD20 and CD5, and negative for CD3. Three cases showed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland with no mass or nodule lesion. Histologically, diffuse proliferation of follicular epithelium was observed with preservation of normal structures. There were no malignant findings such as cellular atypia or invasion to capsule.  相似文献   

Relationships among muscle fiber type composition,fiber diameter and MRF gene expression in different skeletal muscles of naturally grazing Wuzhumuqin sheep during postnatal development          下载免费PDF全文

Qimuge Siqin  Tadayuki Nishiumi  Takahisa Yamada  Shuiqing Wang  Wenjun Liu  Rihan Wu  Gerelt Borjigin 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2033-2043

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among muscle fiber‐type composition, fiber diameter, and myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) gene expression in different skeletal muscles during development in naturally grazing Wuzhumuqin sheep. Three major muscles (i.e. the Longissimus dorsi (LD), Biceps femoris (BF) and Triceps brachii (TB)) were obtained from 20 Wuzhumuqin sheep and 20 castrated rams at each of the following ages: 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Muscle fiber‐type composition and fiber diameter were measured using histochemistry and morphological analysis, and MRF gene expression levels were determined using real‐time PCR. In the LD muscle, changes in the proportion of each of different types of fiber (I, IIA and IIB) were relatively small. In the BF muscle, a higher proportion of type I and a 6.19‐fold lower proportion of type IIA fibers were observed (P < 0.05). In addition, the compositions of type I and IIA fibers continuously changed in the TB muscle (P < 0.05). Moreover, muscle diameter gradually increased throughout development (P < 0.05). Almost no significant difference was found in MRF gene expression patterns, which appeared to be relatively stable. These results suggest that changes in fiber‐type composition and increases in fiber size may be mutually interacting processes during muscle development.  相似文献   

Growth and root sucker ability of field-grown transgenic poplars overexpressing xyloglucanase     

Toru Taniguchi  Ken-ichi Konagaya  Manabu Kurita  Naoki Takata  Katsuaki Ishii  Teiji Kondo  Fumiaki Funahashi  Seiichi Ohta  Tomomi Kaku  Kei’ichi Baba  Rumi Kaida  Takahisa Hayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(6):550-556

Xyloglucan is thought to be a key hemicellulose cross-linking adjacent cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. The growth traits of transgenic poplars (Populus alba) with decreased xyloglucan from overexpression of Aspergillus aculeatus xyloglucanase were characterized during a 4-year field trial. The field-trial site consisted of two blocks, a fertile soil block and a non-fertile soil block, determined by soil analysis. In the fertile block, the growth of aboveground biomass of the transgenic poplars was reduced to 24?C44?% compared to that of wild-type poplars, in contrast to the growth seen in chamber and greenhouse conditions. In the non-fertile block, the aboveground biomass of transgenic poplars was also smaller than that of the wild-type poplars. Because poplars reproduce asexually by root suckers, we also compared the formation of root suckers from transgenic and wild-type poplars. Root suckers formed less frequently from transgenic poplars than from wild-type poplars. The growth rates of root suckers from transgenic poplars were also slower than those from wild-type poplars. The results showed that constitutive degradation of xyloglucan impairs poplar growth and vegetative reproduction ability.  相似文献   

Seasonal change in the number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water samples from the rivers in Hokkaido,Japan, detected by the ferric sulfate flocculation method     

Tsushima Y  Karanis P  Kamada T  Makala L  Xuan X  Tohya Y  Akashi H  Nagasawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(1):121-123

An epidemiological study was carried out in natural water supplies of Hokkaido, one of the largest dairy prefectures in Japan. To investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) oocysts water samples were collected from three rivers in the eastern area of Hokkaido from August 1999 to October 2001, and C. parvum oocysts were collected and purified by the ferric sulfate flocculation method. The oocysts were detected using the immunofluorescent assay test (IFAT) and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The seasonal change in the number of oocysts detected was observed. Oocysts increased in numbers from the late summer to the early autumn (from August to November), thereafter, they exhibited a trend to decrease until December, when no oocysts could be detected. The maximum number of oocysts detected in the three rivers was 3.50, 5.00 and 3.33 oocysts/l, respectively. The oocyst density in river water changed in relation to the season in 1999, 2000 and 2001. This report first cleared up the seasonal changes in C. parvum oocysts number in river water.  相似文献   

Viability and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts detected in river water in Hokkaido,Japan     

Tsushima Y  Karanis P  Kamada T  Xuan X  Makala LH  Tohya Y  Akashi H  Nagasawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(5):585-589

The viability and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) oocysts, detected in water samples collected from river water in Hokkaido, were investigated using Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The water samples collected from September 27 through October 10, 2001 by filtration using Cuno cartridge filters were purified and concentrated by the discontinuous centrifugal flotation method. From 1.2 x 10 (5) liters of the raw river water, approximately 2 x 10(4) oocysts were obtained and designated as Hokkaido river water 1 isolate (HRW-1). Oocyst identification was carried out using microscopic and immunological methods. Six 8-week-old female SCID mice were each inoculated orally with 1 x 10 (3) oocysts. Infection was successfully induced, resulting in fecal oocyst shedding. Oocysts were then maintained by sub-inoculation into SCID mice every 3 months. Infectivity was evaluated by making comparisons with two known C. parvum stocks, HNJ-1 and TK-1, which were bovine genotypes detected in fecal samples from a cryptosporidiosis patient and young cattle raised in Tokachi, Hokkaido respectively. The oocyst genotypes were determined from a small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. No significant differences were observed in the average number of oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) in any of the isolates. Our data indicates that the C. parvum oocysts detected in the sampled river water were of C. parvum genotype 2. Moreover, our data on the continued isolation, detection and identification of the C. parvum isolates is consistent with the available epidemiological data for the Tokachi area.  相似文献