Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aleurodicus rugioperculatus</Emphasis> Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): a potential threat to coconut in India     

R. Sundararaj  K. Selvaraj 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(1):71-74

The invasion and infestation of the Rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) (Arecales: Arecaceae) in India is reported for the first time from Indian as well as from Oriental region. The severity of its infestations and impact on coconut cultivation in India is discussed.  相似文献   

On-site detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus tristeza virus</Emphasis> (CTV) by lateral flow immunoassay using polyclonal antisera derived from virions produced by a recombinant CTV     

Yogita Maheshwari  Vijayanandraj Selvaraj  Subhas Hajeri  Chandrika Ramadugu  Manjunath L. Keremane  Raymond K. Yokomi 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(3):333-340

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First report of Encarsia cubensis Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) an exotic parasitoid on the Neotropical Whitefly Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India     

Selvaraj  K.  Rameshkumar  A.  Sumalatha  B. V.  Swathi  H. D.  Sardar  S.  Kazmi  S. I. 《Phytoparasitica》2023,51(2):255-261

The Neotropical palm infesting whitefly, Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a highly invasive pest that was reported during 2019 on coconut in India. In a short span of time, it spread rapidly across states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh on coconut, oil palm and many other ornamental palm plants. During the recent survey, the immature stages of A. atratus were found parasitized by an aphelinid parasitoid, Encarsia cubensis Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). These parasitoids were identified by their morphological characteristics and also characterized by DNA barcoding of adult parasitoids using partial (658 bp) mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene (GenBank accession number ON881119). This is the first report on occurrence of Encarsia cubensis as primary parasitoids on A. atratus in India and its natural parasitism ranged from (46–68%) on coconut across the different locations in Karnataka. It is believed that the parasitoid likely entered India along with A. atratus in India and constitutes a potential biological agent against A. atratus. It is expected that the E. cubensis population will become fully established, increase, spread and exert a significant impact on A. atratus population in India. Therefore, efforts may be made by growers and other stakeholders to increase the rate of natural parasitism through inundative, conservation and classical biological control approaches to reduce the pest population, crop damage and yield loss.

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Community-acquired infectious pneumonia in puppies: 65 cases (1993-2002)     

Radhakrishnan A  Drobatz KJ  Culp WT  King LG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(10):1493-1497

OBJECTIVE: To identify causative organisms, treatment, outcome, and prognosis for dogs < 1 year old with community-acquired infectious pneumonia. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 65 dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were considered to have community-acquired infectious pneumonia if they had clinical signs of primary respiratory tract disease in conjunction with radiographic evidence of alveolar disease and positive results following bacterial culture of tracheal wash fluid. RESULTS: Most dogs were hypoxemic at the time of initial examination, with pulmonary function becoming worse during the first few days of hospitalization before improving; 57 (88%) dogs survived to discharge. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from tracheal wash fluid from 32 (49%) dogs, and other organisms, predominantly gram-negative enteric bacteria, were isolated from the other 33 (51%). Dogs with Bordetella pneumonia were significantly younger (median, 14 vs 21 weeks), were significantly more likely to have been obtained from a pet store (19/31 vs 7/32), had been owned for a significantly shorter time prior to the onset of illness (median, 18 vs 90 days), had significantly higher PvCO2 values at initial examination (median, 48.7 vs 41.3 mm Hg), were significantly more likely to receive supplemental oxygen (25/32 vs 16/33), and had significantly longer hospitalization times (mean, 7.2 vs 4.9 days) than did dogs with pneumonia caused by any other organism. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that a type of community-acquired infectious pneumonia could be identified in dogs < 1 year old, with disease being more severe in dogs with Bordetella pneumonia than in dogs with pneumonia caused by other bacterial organisms.  相似文献   

Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus supplementation on growth performance,intestinal microflora and disease resistance of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

M. Adel  S. Yeganeh  M.A.O. Dawood  R. Safari  S. Radhakrishnan 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1401-1409

Litopenaeus vannamei is economically important shrimp species in worldwide aquaculture. This study was conducted to assess the effect of different levels of probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) on growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal microflora count and body composition of L. vannamei. Four diets containing different concentrations [0 (PP0), 10⁶ (PPI), 10⁷ (PPII) and 10⁸ (PPIII) CFU/g] of PP were formulated. After 8 weeks feeding trial, the experimental shrimps were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum and noted the surveillance. At the end of the feeding trial, the obtained results revealed a significant increase (p < .05) in final body weight, final length, weight gain (WG), survival rate, protease and amylase activities, lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. intestinal count, total haemocyte counts (THC) and lysozyme activity in PPIII group when compared with the other groups. Similarly, WG, amylase activity, Bacillus sp. count, THC and lysozyme activity were significantly enhanced in case of PPII compared to the control group (p < .05). Interestingly, FCR and Vibrio sp. counts were significantly decreased in case of PPIII group when compared to the other groups (p < .05). Also, significant level of surveillance was noted in the challenging test with V. anguillarum. These results suggested that the P. pentosaceus improved the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunity and tolerance against V. anguillarum of L. vannamei.  相似文献   

Length–weight relationship and growth performance of different life stages of hatchery‐produced magur,Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822)     

Sangram Ketan Sahoo  Shajahan Ferosekhan  Shiba Shankar Giri  Kalidoss Radhakrishnan  Debabrata Panda  Murugesan SriHari  Bindu R. Pillai 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(5):1431-1437

Length–weight relationship (LWR) of 661 numbers of hatchery‐produced magur, Clarias magur of all the life stages such as hatchlings, fry, fingerlings, juveniles and adults, was studied. The LWR of all the life stages of magur was estimated and the equations are as follows, hatchlings W = 0.0052*L^1.282 (r² = 0.8784), fry W = 0.0088*L^3.028 (r² = 0.8113), fingerlings W = 0.0065*L^3.226 (r² = 0.8906), juveniles W = 0.0028*L^3.420 (r² = 0.8175) and adults W = 0.0017*L^3.491 (r² = 0.8310). A positive allometric growth (b > 3) was observed in all the life stages except hatchlings. The annual growth rate of magur was observed with the body length and weight of 24 ± 1 cm and 115 ± 17 g, respectively, under the commercial production system. This is the first kind of study that describes about the LWR and growth performance of all the life stages of hatchery‐produced C. magur catfish from hatchlings to adults under commercial production system. This study will be more useful to the hatchery managers and fish growers to optimize the resources and husbandry practices to improve the growth, survival, and biomass production.  相似文献   

Changes in the expression of pituitary gonadotropin subunits during reproductive cycle of multiple spawning female chub mackerel Scomber japonicus     

Nyuji M  Selvaraj S  Kitano H  Ohga H  Yoneda M  Shimizu A  Kaneko K  Yamaguchi A  Matsuyama M 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(3):883-897

The endocrine regulation of reproduction in a multiple spawning fish with an asynchronous-type ovary remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to monitor changes in the mRNA expression of three gonadotropin (GtH) subunits (GPα, FSHβ, and LHβ) during the reproductive cycle of the female chub mackerel Scomber japonicus. Cloning and subsequent sequence analysis revealed that the cDNAs of chub mackerel GPα, FSHβ, and LHβ were 658, 535, and 599 nucleotides in length and encoded 117, 115, and 147 amino acids, respectively. We applied a quantitative real-time PCR assay to quantify the mRNA expression levels of these GtH subunits. During the seasonal reproductive cycle, FSHβ mRNA levels remained high during the vitellogenic stages, while GPα and LHβ mRNA levels peaked at the end of vitellogenesis. The expression of all three GtH subunits decreased during the post-spawning period. These results suggest that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in vitellogenesis, while luteinizing hormone (LH) functions during final oocyte maturation (FOM). Both GPα and FSHβ mRNA levels remained high during the FOM stages of the spawning cycle and increased further just after spawning. Thus, FSH synthesis may be strongly activated just after spawning to accelerate vitellogenesis in preparation for the next spawning. Alternatively, LHβ mRNA levels declined during hydration and then increased after ovulation. This study demonstrates that chub mackerel are a good model for investigating GtH functions in multiple spawning fish.  相似文献   

Fiber Separation from Ground Corn Flour Using an Electrostatic Method     

Tejas S. Pandya  Radhakrishnan Srinivasan  Courtney Paige Thompson 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(6):535-539

Corn kernels contain 9% fiber by weight, which is not digested well by nonruminants such as chicken and swine. Also, fiber is nonreactive in the dry‐grind process for ethanol production and is considered as feedstock for the production of second‐generation bioethanol. Fiber separation can enhance starch concentration in animal feed and increase starch loading in ethanol plants. Electrostatic separation is used to separate particles from granular mixtures under the influence of electrical forces. The Elusieve process, a combination of sieving and air classification, separates fiber by taking advantage of differences in size, shape, and density. Differences in dielectric properties could also be exploited for fiber separation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of electrostatic separation of fiber particles from corn. When the electrostatic method was used in conjunction with Elusieve processing, the fiber product had higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 52.9%) compared with Elusieve processing alone (NDF of 40.5%). Also, a higher quantity of enhanced flour (95.0% yield) was produced when the electrostatic method was used in conjunction with Elusieve processing compared with Elusieve processing alone (93.0% yield), without any change in quality of the enhanced flour (NDF of 6.6% in both cases). The electrostatic method improved fiber separation when used in conjunction with Elusieve processing.  相似文献   

LRP6 mutation in a family with early coronary disease and metabolic risk factors     

Mani A  Radhakrishnan J  Wang H  Mani A  Mani MA  Nelson-Williams C  Carew KS  Mane S  Najmabadi H  Wu D  Lifton RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5816):1278-1282

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is commonly caused by a constellation of risk factors called the metabolic syndrome. We characterized a family with autosomal dominant early CAD, features of the metabolic syndrome (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes), and osteoporosis. These traits showed genetic linkage to a short segment of chromosome 12p, in which we identified a missense mutation in LRP6, which encodes a co-receptor in the Wnt signaling pathway. The mutation, which substitutes cysteine for arginine at a highly conserved residue of an epidermal growth factor-like domain, impairs Wnt signaling in vitro. These results link a single gene defect in Wnt signaling to CAD and multiple cardiovascular risk factors.  相似文献   

Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity of Calligonum comosum in rats.     

X M Liu  M N Zakaria  M W Islam  R Radhakrishnan  A Ismail  H B Chen  K Chan  A Al-Attas 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(5):487-491

The 10% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Calligonum comosum (50--400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the increase in hind paw oedema induced by carrageenan in rats. Following sub-acute oral administration of the extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, daily for 14 days), a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton pellet model was observed. Pre-treatment with the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) produced a significant and dose-dependent inhibition to the acute gastric ulcers induced by phenylbutazone, indomethacin, 0.2 N NaOH and 80% ethanol.  相似文献