Evaluation of genomic approaches for marker‐based improvement of lodging tolerance in triticale          下载免费PDF全文

Wenxin Liu  Willmar L. Leiser  Hans Peter Maurer  Junhui Li  Sigrid Weissmann  Volker Hahn  Tobias Würschum 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):416-422

Lodging tolerance is an important agronomic trait as it can have a severe negative impact on grain yield and quality. Here, we used a large mapping population of 647 doubled haploid triticale lines derived from four families to dissect the genetic architecture underlying lodging tolerance and to assess different approaches for a genomics‐based improvement of the trait. The plants were evaluated for lodging in two environments and genotyped with 1710 genomewide DArT markers. We observed a large genotypic variation for lodging and transgressive segregation in all families. Employing two complementary QTL mapping approaches, we identified both main effect and epistatic QTL. Using cross‐validation, we showed that the proportion of genotypic variance explained by the detected QTL is low, thus limiting the efficiency of marker‐assisted selection to improve this trait. By contrast, the cross‐validated predictive ability of genomic prediction was approximately twice as high as that of the QTL‐based selection approaches. In conclusion, our results show that lodging tolerance is a complex trait that can be improved by classical breeding but also assisted by marker‐based approaches.  相似文献   

Species‐specific differences in nitrogen uptake and utilization by six European tree species     

Horst Schulz  Sigrid Härtling  Claus F. Stange 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(1):28-37

Species‐specific uptake and allocation mechanisms for N are scarce, in particular when trees are cultivated in potted soil under more natural conditions than in hydroponic culture. The objective of this study was to compare specific N‐uptake rates for economically and ecologically important tree species in Central European forests: pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies), oak (Quercus petraea), beech (Fagus sylvatica), lime (Tilia cordata), and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) when they grow in mineral soil from an old fallow site with a pH of 6. We used an ¹⁵N‐labeling method to measure tree seedling ¹⁵N uptake in potted soils (Humic Cambisol) when both N forms NH$ _4^+ $ and NO$ _3^- $ were simultaneously present in the soil solution for interspecies comparison and assessment of relationships between specific ¹⁵N‐uptake rates and amino acid–accumulation rates or relative growth rates (RGR). The results demonstrate that tree species varied significantly in their capacity to take up NH$ _4^+ $ or NO$ _3^- $ into roots, stems, or leaves, but indicate only marginal differences in their preference for NH$ _4^+ $ or NO$ _3^- $ when they grow in mineral soil. The ranking of specific ¹⁵N‐uptake rates for NH$ _4^+ $ and NO$ _3^- $ was oak < beech < spruce < pine < lime < ash. Fine roots of all species had the highest specific ¹⁵N‐uptake rates for both N forms, followed by total roots, leaves/needles, and stems. As regards tree seedling species, we found negative relationships between glutamine (Gln)‐accumulation rates in leaves/needles and total ¹⁵N‐uptake rates in fine roots. Noteworthy was the fact that, at high Gln‐accumulation rates, the N‐uptake system in fine roots of ash was probably lower under feedback inhibition by the amino acid.  相似文献   

Surgical hand antisepsis in veterinary practice: evaluation of soap scrubs and alcohol based rub techniques     

Verwilghen DR  Mainil J  Mastrocicco E  Hamaide A  Detilleux J  van Galen G  Serteyn D  Grulke S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,(3):372-377

Recent studies have shown that hydro-alcoholic solutions are more efficient than traditional medicated soaps in the pre-surgical hand antisepsis of human surgeons but there is little veterinary literature on the subject. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of medicated soaps and a hydro-alcoholic solution prior to surgery using an in-use testing method in a veterinary setting. A preliminary trial was performed that compared the mean log₁₀ number of bacterial colony forming units (CFU) and the reduction factors (RF) between two 5-min hand-scrubbing sessions using different soaps, namely, povidone iodine (PVP) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), and the 1.5-min application of a hydro-alcoholic rub.A clinical in-use trial was then used to compare the hydro-alcoholic rub and CHX in a surgical setting. Sampling was performed using finger printing on agar plates. The hydro-alcoholic rub and CHX had a similar immediate effect, although the sustained effect was significantly better for the hydro-alcoholic rub, while PVP had a significantly lower immediate and sustained effect. The hydro-alcoholic rub showed good efficiency in the clinical trial and could be considered as a useful alternative method for veterinary surgical hand antisepsis.  相似文献   

Peer-led approaches to dietary change: report of the Food Standards Agency seminar held on 19 July 2006   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gibson S;Food Standards Agency 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(10):980-988

OBJECTIVE: To summarise the discussions of a seminar on peer-led approaches to dietary change held at the Food Standards Agency (FSA) on 19 July 2006. DESIGN: Following presentations on three FSA-commissioned research projects involving peer-led dietary interventions, discussions in small workshop groups identified learning points for researchers, policy-makers and practitioners and considered how the findings of such studies can be effectively communicated to each of these groups. The target groups in the three separate projects were: older people living in sheltered accommodation; mothers and babies during the weaning period; and people with diabetes. RESULTS: The projects discussed here were quite different from one another, involving three separate populations, having different aims and approaches and different styles of peer leading. Their effectiveness in achieving quantitative dietary change was disappointing. However, results for some of the qualitative outcomes (social, psychological, behavioural) were more positive. Process evaluation, whether built in or post hoc, provided useful learning to inform future projects and potentially improve their effectiveness and usefulness for researchers, policy-makers and health promotion practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: The projects discussed here showed that peer-led interventions can achieve positive changes in outcomes such as knowledge, confidence and attitudes, as well as small improvements in diet. They also demonstrated that there is a need for a more sophisticated analysis of peer-led interventions that recognises the diversity of approaches and their suitability in different situations.  相似文献   

Relationship between biochemical markers and radiographic scores in the evaluation of the osteoarticular status of Warmblood stallions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Denis Verwilghen  Valeria Busoni  Monika Gangl  Thierry Franck  Jean-Philippe Lejeune  Laurent Vanderheyden  Johann Detilleux  Sigrid Grulke  Michelle Deberg  Yves Henrotin  Didier Serteyn   《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):319-328

Establishing the osteoarticular status of the horse is often performed by means of radiological screening of the animals. Widespread blood sampling could reveal to be an interesting alternative to this procedure which is time consuming and sometimes technically difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the radiological status of the horses and the levels of biochemical markers of cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. A specific radiological scoring and classification system was therefore developed and applied on 63 stallions presented for studbook admission. Additionally, groups of horses were established according to the occurrence of osteochondrosis, degenerative joint disease and distal interphalangeal joint effusion. Insulin growth factor-I, myeloperoxidases, Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO₂ were used as blood markers. The combination of the blood parameters did not seem to correlate with the used scoring system. Coll2-1NO₂ levels however tended to increase with poorer radiological class and this could therefore potentially be a useful predictor of the osteoarticular status in the horse. Coll2-1 levels were significantly higher in the degenerative joint disease group. A high percentage of horses with distal interphalangeal joint effusion was present in this study and was associated with decreased IGF-I and increased Coll2-1 levels.  相似文献   

Best linear unbiased prediction of triticale hybrid performance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manje Gowda  Yusheng Zhao  Hans Peter Maurer  Elmar A. Weissmann  Tobias Würschum  Jochen C. Reif 《Euphytica》2013,191(2):223-230

Predicting single-cross performance is of special interest in hybrid breeding of triticale. We used molecular and phenotypic data of factorial triticale crosses and compared several approaches to predict their single-cross performance. Twenty-three inbred lines and their 76 incomplete factorial crosses were field evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and heading time at five locations in Central Europe. In addition, the parental lines were genotyped with 52 SSR markers. Plant height and heading time were predicted with high accuracy based on mid-parent performance. In contrast, prediction of hybrid performance based on mid-parent value was not accurate for grain yield. Using general combining ability effects led to an enhanced prediction accuracy of hybrid grain yield performance. This accuracy could be slightly improved using best linear unbiased prediction approaches. The prediction accuracy was considerably high even if the number of tested hybrids was small. Consequently, best linear unbiased prediction of hybrid performance is a promising tool for hybrid triticale breeding programs.  相似文献   

New herbicidal derivatives of 1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine     

William A. Kleschick  Mark J. Costales  Joseph E. Dunbar  Richard W. Meikle  William T. Monte  Norman R. Pearson  Sigrid W. Snider  Anna P. Vinogradoff 《Pest management science》1990,29(3):341-355

Two new structural classes of herbicide have been discovered which are based on the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring system. These compounds are related to the known herbicidal sulfonylureas and imidazolinones and other studies have shown that they have a similar mode of action, involving the inhibition of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, the site of action being the enzyme acetolactate synthase. The design, synthesis and structure- activity relationships of these new classes of compounds are described.  相似文献   

Experimental approach to measuring functional food consumption for risk factor surveillance     

Beer-Borst S  Costanza MC  Morabia A 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(1):29-35

  相似文献   

Climate change impacts,adaptive capacity,and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Marcus Lindner  Michael Maroschek  Sigrid Netherer  Antoine Kremer  Anna Barbati  Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo  Rupert Seidl  Sylvain Delzon  Piermaria Corona  Marja Kolström  Manfred J. Lexer  Marco Marchetti 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

This study compiles and summarizes the existing knowledge about observed and projected impacts of climate change on forests in Europe. Forests will have to adapt not only to changes in mean climate variables but also to increased variability with greater risk of extreme weather events, such as prolonged drought, storms and floods. Sensitivity, potential impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability to climate change are reviewed for European forests. The most important potential impacts of climate change on forest goods and services are summarized for the Boreal, Temperate Oceanic, Temperate Continental, Mediterranean, and mountainous regions. Especially in northern and western Europe the increasing atmospheric CO₂ content and warmer temperatures are expected to result in positive effects on forest growth and wood production, at least in the short–medium term. On the other hand, increasing drought and disturbance risks will cause adverse effects. These negative impacts are very likely to outweigh positive trends in southern and eastern Europe. From west to east, the drought risk increases. In the Mediterranean regions productivity is expected to decline due to strongly increased droughts and fire risks.  相似文献   

Violacein-Producing Collimonas sp. from the Sea Surface Microlayer of Costal Waters in Tr?ndelag,Norway     

Sigrid Hakv?g  Espen Fj?rvik  Geir Klinkenberg  Sven Even F. Borgos  Kjell D. Josefsen  Trond E. Ellingsen  Sergey B. Zotchev 《Marine drugs》2009,7(4):576-588

A new strain belonging to the genus Collimonas was isolated from the sea surface microlayer off the coast of Trøndelag, Norway. The bacterium, designated Collimonas CT, produced an antibacterial compound active against Micrococcus luteus. Subsequent studies using LC-MS identified this antibacterial compound as violacein, known to be produced by several marine-derived bacteria. Fragments of the violacein biosynthesis genes vioA and vioB were amplified by PCR from the Collimonas CT genome and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences demonstrated close relatedness of the Collimonas CT violacein biosynthetic gene cluster to those in Janthinobacterium lividum and Duganella sp., suggesting relatively recent horizontal gene transfer. Considering diverse biological activities of violacein, Collimonas CT shall be further studied as a potential producer of this compound.  相似文献