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31.
Hong Li Donal O'Toole Okjin Kim J Lindsay Oaks Timothy B Crawford 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(2):171-175
A malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)-like disease was induced experimentally in 3 sheep after aerosol inoculation with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Each of 3 OvHV-2-negative sheep was nebulized with 2 ml of nasal secretions containing approximately 3.07 X 10(9) OvHV-2 DNA copies from a sheep experiencing an intensive viral-shedding episode. Ovine herpesvirus-2 DNA became detectable by polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood leukocytes of all 3 sheep within 3 days, and all 3 seroconverted between 6 and 8 days postinfection (PI). The sheep developed clinical signs, with copious mucopurulent nasal discharge and fever around 14 days PI. One of the 3 clinically affected sheep was euthanized at 18 days PI. Major lesions at necropsy were multifocal linear erosions and ulcers in mucosa of the cheeks, tongue, pharynx, and proximal esophagus and mild disseminated pneumonia. Microscopically, there was extensive moderate superficial histiocytic-lymphocytic rhinitis with epithelial dissociation and degeneration. Moderate multifocal histiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia was associated with loss of terminal bronchiolar epithelium. Lymphocytic vasculitis was present only in the lung. The remaining 2 sheep recovered clinically, approximately 25 days PI. The study revealed that clinical signs and lesions resembling MCF can develop when uninfected sheep are exposed to a high dose of aerosolized OvHV-2. 相似文献
32.
V. Villar B. Colao I. Calles‐Venal J. G. Fernndez‐lvarez M. Fernndez‐Caso J. M. Villar 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(Z1):54-54
Chondrocytes dedifferentiate to a fibroblast‐like phenotype on plastic surfaces. Dedifferentiation is reversible if these cells are then cultured embedded in gels as alginate, agarose or collagen. Chondrocytes cultured in suspension on a non‐adherent surface are also known to form aggregates of differentiated cells. The knowledge of chondrocyte behavior in culture is relevant for tissue engineering purposes. In this report we describe a simple method to culture differentiated or redifferentiated rabbit auricular chondrocytes on plastic surfaces with a stable phenotype. When chondrocyte aggregates formed in suspension are next seeded on plastic surfaces, most of them attach to the plastic as round or polygonal cells, and this morphological differentiation, confirmed by the presence of type II collagen, is stable for long culture periods. We also report that the addition of aggregates to monolayer cultures of dedifferentiated chondrocytes results in their redifferentiation, as is shown by their morphological changes and the synthesis of type II collagen. Therefore, this simple method can be useful for the study of chondrocyte behavior on plastic surfaces and for redifferentiating previously proliferated chondrocytes in tissue engineering techniques. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that, in addition to culture conditions such as cell isolation method or cell‐density, chondrocyte behavior on plastic depends on the presence or absence of aggregates resulting from the dissociation process. 相似文献
33.
34.
Willem A. Man in 't Veld Arthur W.A.M. de Cock Elena Ilieva C. André Lévesque 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(1):51-62
Isozyme analysis and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and the 5.8S subunit of the ribosomal DNA gene repeat were used to examine whether isolates of Phytophthora porri from Allium and Brassica represent a single homogeneous species. Twenty-six strains of P. porri, 16 strains isolated from the genus Allium, and 10 strains isolated from the genus Brassica, were analyzed using malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), represented altogether by four putative loci (Mdh-2, Idh-1, Idh-2, and Ldh-2). Isozyme analysis revealed that strains isolated from Allium contained five private alleles at three isozyme loci (Ldh-2
83, Ldh-2
104, Idh-1
108, Idh-1
112, and Idh-2
98), whereas six different alleles were observed at four isozyme loci (Ldh-2
85, Ldh-2
100, Ldh-2
114, Idh-1
100, Idh-2
100, and Mdh-2
111) in strains obtained from Brassica. The heterozygosity at the Ldh-2 locus, differing in allele composition, however, between strains from Allium and Brassica, was present in all strains, indicating that it is probably fixed. Sequence analysis of the ITS regions and the 5.8S subunit showed consistent differences between isolates from Allium and isolates from Brassica. Based on isozyme data, ITS sequence analysis and formerly published differences in restriction enzyme patterns of mitochondrial DNA, morphology and pathogenicity, it was concluded that the isolates of P. porri Foister did not represent a homogeneous species. Isolates from Brassica constitute a distinct species which is described here as P. brassicae sp. nov. It was inferred from isozyme patterns, which were in no case intermediate between the two species, that P. porri and P. brassicae do not hybridize and are reproductively isolated by barriers to gene flow. 相似文献
35.
36.
农杆菌介导的蝴蝶兰基因转化系统的建立 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
针刺后的蝴蝶兰‘White Hikaru’的类原球茎(PLB),与含绿色荧光蛋白基因( )和潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因(^p£)的pCAMBIA 1300一SmGFP的根瘤农杆菌LBA4404 共培养,培育出了转基因的蝴蝶兰。经绿色荧光蛋白检测和Southern印迹,证实了再生植株中含cop基因和hpt基因。 相似文献
37.
K. Jung Y. Ha S.‐K. Ha D. U. Han D.‐W. Kim W. K. Moon C. Chae 《Zoonoses and public health》2004,51(2):72-76
The aim of these experiments was to investigate the potential antiviral effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan on the pneumonia induced by swine influenza virus (SIV). Forty colostrum‐deprived 5‐day‐old piglets were randomly divided into four groups of 10. The 20 pigs in groups 1 and 2 were administered Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan orally (50 mg/day/pig; En‐Bio Technology Co., Ltd) for 3 days before SIV infection and those in groups 3 and 4 were given culture medium/diluent alone. Groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 3 ml of tissue culture fluid containing 2 × 106 tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID50)/ml of SIV and those in groups 2 and 4 were exposed in the same manner to uninfected cell culture supernatant. The microscopic lung lesions induced by SIV infection (group 1 pigs) were significantly more severe than those induced by infection in animals pre‐administered β‐glucan (group 3) (P < 0.05). Significantly more SIV nucleic acid was detected in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with SIV only (group 1) at 5, 7 and 10 days post‐inoculation (dpi) compared with lungs from pigs pre‐administered β‐glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and nitric oxide (NO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pigs pre‐administered β‐glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) were significantly higher than for any other group at 7 and 10 dpi for IFN‐γ, and at 5, 7 and 10 dpi for NO (P < 0.05). Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan reduced the pulmonary lesion score and viral replication rate in SIV‐infected pigs. These findings support the potential application of β‐glucan as prophylactic/treatment agent in influenza virus infection. 相似文献
38.
Kim M. Plummer Sarah J. Clark Lana M. Ellis Ashwini Loganathan Taha H. Al-Samarrai Erik H.A. Rikkerink Patrick A. Sullivan Matthew D. Templeton Peter C. Farley 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(3):265-274
Peptidases have been implicated in the pathogenicity of fungi that cause disease in plants. Expression of the secreted aspartic peptidase gene (gcsap), of a Glomerella cingulata isolate pathogenic on apples, is induced during appressorium formation. To determine whether the secreted aspartic peptidase (GcSAP) is essential to pathogenicity, gcsap was disrupted using a vector containing a 637 bp fragment of genomic DNA that encodes the sequence spanning the two active site aspartic acid (Asp) residues. To ensure that the truncated gcsap gene products could not have residual peptidase activity the codons for the active site residues Asp112 and Asp297 were both mutated to histidine residues. Both PCR and Southern analysis confirmed disruption of gcsap. Neither gcsap mRNA nor GcSAP activity was detected in the disruption mutant. Pathogenicity tests on fruit from three apple cultivars showed that GcSAP was not required for pathogenicity. The disruption mutant grew on medium containing protein as the sole source of nitrogen because G. cingulata secretes a previously undetected peptidase(s). A serine peptidase that had a pH optimum between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and a K
m of 0.25 mM for the synthetic substrate succinyl-Ala–Ala–Pro–Phe-p-nitroanilide was identified. 相似文献
39.
DW Bartlett JM Clough JR Godwin AA Hall M Hamer B Parr‐Dobrzanski 《Pest management science》2004,60(3):309-309
The original article to which this Correction refers was published in Pest Management Science 58 (7): 649–662 (2002).Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
40.
遗传标记及其在家禽育种中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
1 SNP SNP是染色体中遗传变异的最普通形式,如在人体已经检测基因组DNA中每1,000到2,000个单位有1个SNP,在某些区域估计每300个单位有一个SNP.基于SNP的高分辨率,遗传图谱在一些人的染色体上通常没有得到发展.正如其名称所指,SNP是发生在基因(启动子、外显子、或内含子)或基因之间(基因间隔区)的单个碱基改变或核苷酸变异.编码序列中的SNP以同义(不会导致氨基酸改变)或非同义(导致氨基酸改变)来分类.非同义SNP由于对蛋白质表达及最终对表现型的潜在影响而受到重视.相反,同义SNP可能对基因表达有微小的影响(除那些在启动子和其它基因组区域中,对DNA-蛋白质作重要的核苷酸或与RNA稳定性有关的核苷酸).同义和非同义SNP在基因图谱研究中均是很好的遗传标记. 相似文献