Abstracts of Nippon Dojohiryogaku Zasshi     

Erika Sato  Yuko Suga  Chihiro Kisaki  Koki Toyota  Kazuto Miyake  Atsushi Takada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):213-222

Abstract

The humus composition was analyzed and the humic acid characterized by UV and visible absorption spectroscopy in order to investigate the rotting and maturing process of city refuse compost according to the method of Kumada et al. During the composting process, the following findings were obtained: (1) the HT value was almost constant, but the HE/HT ratio varied somewhat, (2) HA increased with decrease in FA, and the PQ value so increased clearly, (3) the shoulder-like absorption at a wavelength near 270 nm weakened, and (4) the RF value of humic acid increased, whereas the Δ log K value seldom varied.

The IR spectrum of humic acid gradually changed as follows: (1) the absorption band in the 1700-1600 cm^-1 region and in the 1550-1500 cm^-1 region increased slightly, (2) the band in the 1100-1000 cm^-1 region decreased, and (3) the bands at 835 and 710 cm^-1 com pletely disappeared. On the whole, the shape of the IR spectrum of the city refuse compost became featureless. These changes were probably due to the oxidation which occurred in the composting process.  相似文献   

Preparation and characterization of fermented seaweed sauce manufactured from low-quality nori (dried and fresh fronds of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pyropia yezoensis</Emphasis>)     

Motoharu Uchida  Hirotaka Kurushima  Nobuo Hideshima  Toshiyoshi Araki  Kenji Ishihara  Yuko Murata  Ken Touhata  Noriko Ishida 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):589-596

The present study tested processes to manufacture fermented sauce from low-quality nori (dried and fresh fronds of Pyropia yezoensis). The nori sauce was prepared using three tanks with fresh or dried nori cultured in different conditions. In the present study enzymes were not added for the promotion of the degradation of nori, while in a previous study they were. The supernatants of culture mashes obtained from the three tanks were combined, and this low-quality nori sauce (LNS) was characterized and compared with sauces manufactured from high-quality nori, soy, and fish. The LNS showed low concentrations of total nitrogen compounds (0.20 g/100 ml) and free amino acids, and its taste showed a high sourness score as evaluated by a taste-sensing system. On the other hand, the LNS was rich in polysaccharides, which were observed to be readily degraded to lower molecular weight size sugars by heat treatment. The LNS showed little risk for heavy metal or allergen contamination. The obtained sauce product is expected to be commercially utilized as a component of low allergen-risk sauce products after blending with other seasonings without wheat or soy elements.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the degree and distribution of lymphangiectasia in full-thickness canine small intestinal specimens diagnosed with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and granulomatous lymphangitis     

Takuro NAGAHARA  Koichi OHNO  Itsuma NAGAO  Taisuke NAKAGAWA  Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO  Masaya TSUBOI  James K. CHAMBERS  Kazuyuki UCHIDA  Hirotaka TOMIYASU  Hajime TSUJIMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(4):566

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is often observed in dogs with chronic small intestinal diseases. Hypoplasia of the lymphatic vessel due to decreased lymphangiogenesis, which has been suggested in human idiopathic IL, may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IL. This study aimed to evaluate the diameter and number of lymphatic vessels in full-thickness small intestinal specimens of dogs with IL. Immunohistochemical labeling of lymphatic endothelial cell markers was performed on retrospectively retrieved full-thickness small intestinal specimens. Sixteen dogs with histologically confirmed IL were included, of which 10 had lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE), and six had granulomatous lymphangitis (GL). Nine dogs that died from non-gastrointestinal disorders and with little or no abnormalities in the small intestine were used as controls. Lymphatic vessel diameters in dogs with IL were significantly increased in all layers of the small intestine, including the villus lacteal, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis, and mesentery, compared with controls (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the lymphatic vessel diameters between dogs with LPE and GL (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of lymphatic vessels between dogs with IL and the controls in all layers of the small intestine (all P>0.05). This study demonstrated that IL was observed in all layers of the small intestine, including the submucosa, muscularis, and mesentery, independent of the underlying disease. Factors other than reduced lymphatic vessels would contribute to the pathogenesis of IL in dogs.  相似文献   

The effect of high ambient temperature on Ca,P and Mg balance and bone turnover in high‐yielding dairy cows     

Yuko KAMIYA  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(4):482-486

We investigated the effect of heat stress on Ca, P and Mg balance and bone turnover in lactating cows. In a 2 × 2 crossover design, four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were kept in a chamber and subjected to a constant moderate (18°C) ambient temperature (MT) or high (28°C) ambient temperature (HT). The cows were fed total mixed ration (Ca, 0.7%; P, 0.4%; Mg, 0.2%) ad libitum. The milk yield under HT (35.4 kg/day) tended to be lower (P < 0.10) than that under MT (43.2 kg/day). The concentrations of milk P (P < 0.05) and Mg (P < 0.01) were significantly lower under HT than MT. The Ca, P and Mg intake (P < 0.10); Ca (P < 0.10), P, and Mg (P < 0.05) secretion into milk; and Ca (P < 0.05), P (P < 0.01), and Mg (P < 0.05) absorption in the intestine were lower under HT than MT. The plasma osteocalcin, a marker of bone turnover, was significantly lower (P < 0.05) under HT than MT. Heat stress did not affect plasma C‐telopeptide of collagen type I, a bone resorption marker, and plasma parathyroid hormone concentration.  相似文献   

Molecular sexing of Japanese cormorants used for traditional fishing on the Nagara River in Gifu City   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA  Yuko UEDA  Tetsuji YAMASHITA  Chizuko NISHIDA-UMEHARA  Yoichi MATSUDA  Toshiaki MASEGI  Shin'ichi ITO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(5):417-420

The Japanese cormorants used in traditional fishing in Japan are wild derived and their sex cannot be determined from their appearance. Applicability of molecular sex determination based on the size difference between CHD1Z and CHD1W introns was confirmed in male and female Japanese cormorants whose sexes had been ascertained by pathological autopsy. All of 21 birds of unknown sex reared by a cormorant fishing master were identified as males. The molecular sexing method will provide valuable information on sex differences of wild Japanese cormorants, including tameness, trainability, behavior and fishing capability, as well as for future trials involving artificial reproduction.  相似文献   

Allele frequency distribution of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene exon III and I in 23 breeds     

Ito H  Nara H  Inoue-Murayama M  Shimada MK  Koshimura A  Ueda Y  Kitagawa H  Takeuchi Y  Mori Y  Murayama Y  Morita M  Iwasaki T  Ota K  Tanabe Y  Ito S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(7):815-820

Various canine breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of them are under genetic control. Although dopaminergic neurotransmission system is considered to affect animal behavior, little is known about related genes in canine. Relations between specific alleles in polymorphic regions of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) and personality or psychiatric disorders have been reported in humans, and we first found polymorphism in exon III region of the gene in 4 canine breeds. In this study we surveyed allele frequency distribution in 23 breeds including a total of 1,535 unrelated individuals. In exon III, 8 alleles including a novel allele were identified. A group of breeds in which the alleles 447b, 498 and 549 were frequent tended toward high scores in aggression-related behavioral traits than that with frequent alleles 435 and 447a. Moreover, a polymorphism based on 24 bp insertion/deletion was found in exon I region for the first time in dogs. This information may be of use for candidate gene studies of behavioral variation in dogs.  相似文献   

Monoclonal antibodies preventing invasion of Neospora caninum tachyzoites into host cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Uchida Y  Ike K  Kurotaki T  Ito A  Imai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(11):1355-1358

Twelve monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Neospora caninum tachyzoites were produced to specify the antigens related to the invasion of tachyzoites into host cells. In the assay to evaluate the inhibition activity, all these MAbs prevented the cultured Vero cells from the invading by the tachyzoites. These MAbs recognized approximately a 73 kDa antigen in Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence assay and immune electron microscopy revealed that this 73 kDa antigen is a part of the surface antigens of N. caninum tachyzoite, and that the tachyzoite antigen identified plays an important role for invasion of host cells.  相似文献   

High susceptibility of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) to the infection with Babesia microti supported by hemodynamics     

Ike K  Komatsu T  Murakami T  Kato Y  Takahashi M  Uchida Y  Imai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(5):515-520

As the comparative study was carried out on the susceptibility by the pursuit of parasitemia among the Djungarian, Syrian, and Chinese hamsters as well as BALB/c mice infected with the Syrian hamster-adapted Babesia microti strain, and Djungarian hamsters showed the highest parasitemia among them. Then, the other hematological parameters were pursued in the Djungarian hamsters infected with the hamster-adapted B. microti strain. Remarkable symptoms observed were hemoglobinuria clinically, anemia hematologically, and splenomegaly macroscopically during all over the observation period for 24 weeks post infection (PI). Parasitemia began to rise at 2 weeks and peaked at 4 weeks PI. After that, parasitemia decreased gradually but was maintained with a level of about 10% on average until 24 weeks PI at the end of the experiment. A decrease in the RBC count, Hb, and PCV, and an increase in the reticulocyte and WBC counts due to the development of immature neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were recognized together with a rise of parasitemia. The hamsters had macrocytic hypochromic anemia due to the increase of MCV and the decrease of MCHC in the growth phase of the parasite. It was considered that the Djungarian hamsters will be useful for the infection examination, isolation, maintenance, and passage of B. microti in laboratory.  相似文献   

Induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and T helper 1 (Th1) immune response by bitter gourd extract     

Ike K  Uchida Y  Nakamura T  Imai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(5):521-524

Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally wih 34 different types of vegetable juices, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured as markers for the induction of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. Serum IFN-gamma level was markedly increased in mice inoculated with bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) juice, but IL-4 levels were not increased with any of the 34 vegetable juices. Testing of the various components of bitter gourd, including peel, pulp, and seed, showed that the pulp induced the highest levels of IFN-gamma. Trial immunogen including the heat extract of the pulp induced specific IgG(2a) antibody of the mice serum inoculated with this immunogen. These results demonstrate that bitter gourd pulp induced IFN-gamma production and show its promise as a means of effective immunostimulatory therapy specific for Th1 cells and IFN-gamma production.  相似文献   

Susceptibility of Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) to the infection of Babesia microti     

Ike K  Murakami T  Komatsu T  Uchida Y  Imai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):333-336

Chinese hamsters were examined for the susceptibility to the infection with Babesia microti based on the hematological parameters during the course of infection. A marked decrease in the RBC count, Ht value, Hb concentration, and an increase in WBC count due to the development of neutrophils or monocytes were recognized with the progress of parasitemia. Remarkable clinical findings were anemia and persistent infection with a low level of parasite burden in the chronic and convalescent stages. From these findings, it was concluded that Chinese hamsters were susceptible to infection with B. microti and would be useful for infection examination with the parasite.  相似文献