Improved isolation procedure for azaspiracids from shellfish, structural elucidation of azaspiracid-6, and stability studies     

Kilcoyne J  Keogh A  Clancy G  LeBlanc P  Burton I  Quilliam MA  Hess P  Miles CO 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(10):2447-2455

Azaspiracids are a group of lipophilic polyether toxins produced by the small dinoflagellate Azadinium spinosum. They may accumulate in shellfish and can result in illnesses when consumed by humans. Research into analytical methods, chemistry, metabolism, and toxicology of azaspiracids has been severely constrained by the scarcity of high-purity azaspiracids. Consequently, since their discovery in 1995, considerable efforts have been made to develop methods for the isolation of azaspiracids in sufficient amounts and purities for toxicological studies, in addition to the preparation of standard reference materials. A seven-step procedure was improved for the isolation of azaspiracids-1-3 (1, 2, and 3) increasing recoveries 2-fold as compared to previous methods and leading to isolation of sufficiently purified azaspiracid-6 (6) for structural determination by NMR spectroscopy. The procedure, which involved a series of partitioning and column chromatography steps, was performed on 500 g of Mytilus edulis hepatopancreas tissue containing ~14 mg of 1. Overall yields of 1 (52%), 2 (43%), 3 (43%), and 6 (38%) were good, and purities were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The structure of 6 was determined by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The stability of 6 relative to 1 was also assessed in three solvents in a short-term study that demonstrated the greatest stability in aqueous acetonitrile.  相似文献   

Microscopic, serologic and molecular surveys on Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs, Turkey     

Simsek S  Ozkanlar Y  Balkaya I  Aktas MS 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,183(1-2):109-113

The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection was evaluated in stray dogs of Erzurum, Turkey. A total of 123 whole-blood and 93 sera samples were collected from stray dogs older than 6 months were lived in animal shelter. The PCR and direct microscopic examinations were used for the detection of microfilaria and indirect-ELISA was performed for the detection of anti-D. immitis antibodies. The prevalence of D. immitis in the canine population was 8.1% by PCR, 2.1% by ELISA. In addition, microfilaria burdens of Dirofilaria sp. was 4.8% by direct blood smear examination. There was a statistical difference (P=0.05) in the prevalence between males (10.5%) and females (2.3%) by direct blood smear examination. Similarly there was a statistical difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence between males (15.8%) and females (4.7%) by PCR. Dogs belonging to the 0.5-1 years old group showed the highest prevalence than 2-4 ages group with three tests. Among the 93 samples screened by the ELISA, two samples were positive for the D. immitis antibodies. Both positive dogs with ELISA were females.  相似文献   

Life tables of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different cultivated plants     

Muştu  Murat  Aktürk  Muammer  Akkoyun  Gürkan  Çakır  Sinan 《Phytoparasitica》2021,49(1):21-31

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan species that feeds on numerous cultivated plants and herbaceaus plants. Agrotis ipsilon causes significant economic losses in various agricultural products, especially in indisturial plants and vegetables in Turkey and worldwide. In this study, the effects on the biology and reproductive potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae), maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera Alef.,Amaranthaceae) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae) which are essential host plants of A. ipsilon were investigated under climatized conditions of 28?±?1 °C, 60%?±?10 r.h., and 16 h daily artificial light. The data obtained were analyzed by using an age-stage two-sex life table. Agrotis ipsilon had five larval stages fed on lettuce, whereas seven larval stages were fed on other host plants. Agrotis ipsilon showed the best development and reproduction on lettuce, followed by sugar beet. When A. ipsilon is reared on lettuce the intrinsic rate of increase (r?=?0.1237 d^?1), finite rate of increase (λ?=?1.1317 d^?1) and net reproductive rate (R₀?=?403.06 offspring/individual) were found higher and the mean generation times (T?=?48.51 d) is shorter than those in other host plants. According to these results, A. ipsilon can cause the most damage to lettuce among studied plants.

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贵州省优质饲草加工技术及其效益分析     

张忠贵 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,39(9):53-56

由于贵州省空气湿度大,导致该地区干草系列产品发展的成本较高,且无法适应市场规律,因此,更适合发展优质饲草青贮及发酵全混合日粮（FTMR）等厌氧保存产品。而在实际生产过程中,农户和养殖企业则更加关心这些饲草产品的生产成本。介绍了优质饲草的青贮和FTMR加工技术,并以肉牛为例,分析了贵州省较为常见的青贮玉米、燕麦、苜蓿干草青贮和FTMR的饲喂价值、生产成本和效益,以期能为贵州饲草加工和草食家畜养殖企业提供参考。  相似文献   

低氧对水牛卵泡内膜细胞雄激素合成能力的影响     

张俊  陈梦佳  闫茜  陈莫斯楠  李政达  卢嘉卡  石德顺  陆凤花 《中国兽医学报》2022,(2):349-354

本研究采用低氧(5％O2)条件培养水牛内膜细胞,探讨低氧对水牛内膜细胞雄激素合成的影响.结果 显示,低氧能显著提高水牛内膜细胞雄激素合成相关基因(CYP11A1、CYP17A1和3β-HSD)表达和睾酮分泌水平(P＜0.05);低氧能显著增强水牛内膜细胞对促黄体素(LH)的敏感性(P＜0.05).结果 表明,低氧(5％...  相似文献   

浙北平原地区耕地非粮化时空演变特征及碳排放效应分析          下载免费PDF全文

苏越  朱峻珲  朱从谋  苑韶峰  李思楠  孙涵韵 《农业工程学报》2023,39(24):278-286

掌握耕地非粮化的时空演变特征及其碳排放效应，对于保障粮食安全和发展低碳绿色农业具有重要意义。研究以东部浙江省平原县桐乡市为例，运用遥感技术和GIS空间分析探讨耕地非粮化类型和时空演变特征，并采用生命周期评价法评估不同耕地非粮化类型的碳排放效应。研究表明：1）桐乡市2005—2020年耕地非粮化率由1.56%提升至7.50%，非粮化面积净增加2 464.74 hm²，在空间上呈现团状集聚型格局，高值集聚区分布在西南远郊水网密布地区。2）耕地非粮化的坑塘养殖类型面积占比最大，其次为苗木种植和蔬菜大棚，2005—2020年耕地非粮化主导类型由苗木种植为主转变为多类型交错分布模式。3）2005—2020年桐乡市耕地非粮化导致的碳排放量由22 233.18t增长至98 853.27t，其中坑塘养殖对碳排放量的贡献最大，2020年达到83.7%；在空间上呈现西南远郊高值集聚、中部近郊低值环状分布的态势。在保障区域粮食安全的前提下，应结合不同非粮化类型的碳排放效应，分区域、分类别地实施耕地非粮化管控，实现耕地保护和低碳利用协同发展。  相似文献   

城镇-农业-生态协调的高原湖泊流域土地利用优化     

赵筱青  李思楠  谭琨  苗培培  普军伟  卢飞飞  王茜 《农业工程学报》2019,35(8):296-307

为了解高原湖泊流域土地利用布局现状,探究在"城镇-农业-生态"协调下的高原湖泊流域土地利用空间优化配置方案,该文以抚仙湖流域为例,基于3S技术,运用MCR-CLUE-S模型,研究流域城镇建设情景、农业开发情景、生态保护情景和综合优化情景4种模式下2030年国土空间的结构和布局,最终提出抚仙湖流域"城镇-农业-生态空间"协调下的土地利用空间优化分区。结果表明:1)2005、2010和2015年抚仙湖流域城镇空间呈上升趋势,农业空间呈下降趋势,生态空间先升后降,10 a间空间分布格局基本一致;2)以重要水源地、湖滨湿地和大面积自然林地为保护源,选取高程和坡度等8个阻力因子,采用最小累积阻力模型和累积耗费距离模型构建抚仙湖流域生态安全格局,以及有利于生态保护的"源"核心区、生态保护区、生态边缘区、农业开发区、农业边缘区和城镇建设区;3)以生态功能分区面积为约束条件,通过Markov模型结合CLUE-S模型模拟抚仙湖流域2030年城镇建设、农业开发和生态保护情景下"城镇-农业-生态空间"的优化布局。城镇建设情景综合考虑生活需要以及政策指导下以开发城镇空间为主导的"城镇-农业-生态空间"数量及空间结构的发展方向;农业开发情景控制城镇空间规模,开发部分生态空间潜力;生态保护情景下农业空间面积有所减少,城镇空间面积少量增加;4)抚仙湖流域2030年综合优化情景模式下,根据土地功能的不同,划为城镇空间、农业空间、生态空间、城镇-农业空间、城镇-生态空间、农业-生态空间和城镇-农业-生态空间,其中农业-生态空间最小,生态空间最大;5)通过分析4种情景下区域发展的特点,结合抚仙湖流域耕地保护、生态保护和经济社会发展等多种因素,认为综合情景方案更合理并更适合当地的发展,其他3种单要素情景方案可为综合情景方案的实施进行相关的补充和调整。研究结果可为抚仙湖流域国土空间规划和生态保护战略决策提供参考依据。  相似文献   

In vitro inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase from saanen goat (Capra hircus) with pesticides     

Selma Sinan  Nahit Gencer  Oktay Arslan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(3):307-311

This study was conducted to determine the in vitro effects of four commonly used pesticides (Nuarimol™, Fenarimol™, Parathion-methyl™ and 2,4-D™) on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity from Saanen goats (SG). The enzyme was 262.57-fold purified by affinity chromatography and the purity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Inhibitory effect of the pesticides on the purified enzyme was determined using the CO₂-hydratase activity method. IC₅₀ values of the pesticides that caused inhibition were determined by means of activity percentage diagrams. The concentrations of Nuarimol™, Fenarimol™, and 2,4-D™ that inhibited 50% of the enzymatic activity were 0.352, 0.924 and 2.04 mM, respectively. Conversely, the enzyme activity was increased by parathion-methyl.  相似文献   

复方丹参液治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

甘志华  李启良  蒋武成  陈衍基  刘文福  汪南生  冯旗德  唐似男 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(1)

以复方丹参液对奶牛隐性乳房炎ＬＭＴ反应呈阳性的２０６头牛４５０个乳室进行治疗试验，总有效率为９４．４４％，其疗效显著高于丹参注射液和抗菌素。复方丹参液对金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和停乳链球菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）依次为１：１６０００倍、１：４０００倍和１：８０００倍稀释。  相似文献   

Implications of the neuroanatomy of the equine thoracolumbar vertebral column with regional anaesthesia and complications following desmotomy of the interspinous ligament     

Ann M. Derham  Jim Schumacher  John M. O’ Leary  Ger Kelly  Caroline N. Hahn 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(4):649-655

Impinging/overriding dorsal spinous processes (DSPs) of the thoracolumbar vertebrae are a common cause of poor performance in horses. In the last five decades, numerous surgical treatments have been reported on, from transverse transection of the affected DSPs, and endoscopic resection of the affected DSPs, to transection of the interspinous ligament. Until recently, cosmetic outcomes have been reported as good to excellent in studies. However, a previously unreported complication of neurogenic atrophy of the contralateral epaxial muscle following desmotomy of the interspinous ligament has been recently reported. The authors hypothesised that this was because of a more lateral approach than previously described, resulting in the scissors being too far across midline and transecting a nerve in the region. Considering this finding, we have reviewed the literature on the neuroanatomy of the thoracolumbar region in the horse. Literature on the neuroanatomy of the horse is lacking when compared with that of humans and companion animals, with most of the work extrapolated from companion animals. Based on the current literature, we hypothesise that transection of an intermediate branch of the dorsal spinal nerve supplying the m. longissimus is potentially the cause of the post-operative neurogenic atrophy. The lack of detailed knowledge of the neural anatomy of the equine back has resulted in the role of local anaesthesia in localising pain in the equine back being poorly understood. The wide variation in techniques used for localising back pain may explain why some horses suffering from poor performance or an abnormal gait because of back pain improve to local anaesthesia of the back while others do not. This review article highlights a lack of anatomical knowledge regarding the equine thoracolumbar region in the literature despite diagnostic local anaesthesia, medication, and surgery in this area being relatively common.  相似文献