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11.
Petrovic V Marcincak S Popelka P Simkova J Martonova M Buleca J Marcincakova D Tuckova M Molnar L Kovac G 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(6):970-977
The study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with 1% clove flower buds powder combined with either 0.2% lemon balm extract or 0.2% agrimony extract (each of the two pulverized extracts supplied through drinking water) on body weight of broilers, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the carcass yield, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px, EC 1.11.1.9) in blood, concentration of sulfhydryl (?SH) groups, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, low‐density lipoproteins in the blood plasma, serum cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and high‐density lipoproteins in broiler chickens at 42 days of age. On the day of hatching, 120 male and female broilers of Cobb 500 were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (1st group) of broilers received a basal diet (BD) without any feed and water additive. Both experimental groups of chicks were fed BD enriched with clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) powder at a dose of 10 g/kg DM for 42 days. Moreover, either lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L.) extract or agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) extract diluted with drinking water (2:1000) was given to broilers in the 2nd and 3rd group respectively. The results indicated that feeding the diets enriched with selected herbal supplements failed to affect the growth performance of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. In addition, this supplementation had no influence on the activities of SOD and GSH‐Px, concentration of vitamin A and selected lipid metabolism indices. On the other hand, we observed beneficial effects on some indices of the antioxidant status (increased concentration of ?SH groups and vitamin E, decreased concentration of MDA) in the blood of broilers in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group of chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a slightly better antioxidant capacity was found in the blood of broilers supplied the combination of clove and lemon balm compared to clove and agrimony (vitamin E, 11.26 ± 0.73 vs. 9.73 ± 0.64 μmol/L, p < 0.05 respectively). It could be concluded that supplementation of the diet with clove flower buds powder combined with lemon balm extract or agrimony extract dissolved in drinking water has a potential to increase the antioxidant status but fails to influence either the growth performance or the selected lipid metabolism indices of broilers at the age of 42 days. 相似文献
12.
Placha I Borutova R Gresakova L Petrovic V Faix S Leng L 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(6):695-702
This study examined the effects of excessive dietary supplementation with organic selenium on phagocytic activity and antioxidative status of chickens for fattening fed diet contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). Sixty chickens of Ross 308 hybrids were at day of hatching divided into four groups with 15 birds in each. The background DON dietary levels in both negative and positive control groups were 0.2 mg/kg. The complete feed for positive control group was supplemented with Se dose 1 mg/kg in the form of Se-yeast. Group 3 was fed diet with DON level 3 mg/kg while diet for group 4 combined DON level 3 mg/kg with a excessive supplement of Se-yeast (Se dose 1 mg/kg). After 6 weeks of dietary intake, six randomly-chosen chickens from each group were sampled. Feeding of contaminated diet resulted in significantly reduced blood phagocytic activity (19.5 ± 1.1% in the negative control vs. 12.8 ± 0.8% in the DON-treated group, p < 0.05). Se-yeast supplemented to the DON contaminated diet prevented suppression of phagocytic activity. Dietary intake of DON at levels 3 mg/kg did not influence the plasma α-tocopherol level while excessive dietary Se dose reduced it in both Se supplemented groups. Neither the birds of DON-treated group nor the birds from group 4 with DON and Se-yeast showed any response in plasma γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Subtoxic dietary level of DON significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the duodenal mucosa, while additional Se supplementation prevented such a response to mycotoxin. On the other hand, both Se supplemented groups showed significantly elevated GPx activities in blood, liver and kidney, (p < 0.05). The results suggest a potential ability of excessive supplementation of organic selenium to prevent the blood phagocytic activity suppression and changes in GPx activity in duodenal tissue induced in broilers by subtoxic dietary levels of DON. 相似文献
13.
Summary Genetic analysis of a new weak source of GA-insensitivity derived from Saitama 27 showed that it was controlled by a single gene located on chromosome 4A and allelic to Rht1 and Rht3. the gene was shown to be present in many Italian and Yugoslavian varieties suggesting a selective advantage in some breeding programmes. Varietal comparisons indicated that the gene reduces height by around 11 per cent. This was combined with an increase in spikelet fertility and in the total number of grain developing in the ear. In this initial experiment a reduction in grain size eliminated the advantages of increased grain number. Following development of isogenic lines in a number of varietal backgrounds the true potential of the gene will be determined. 相似文献
14.
Rudolf Kastori Marijana Plesnicar Ivana Arsenijevic‐Maksimovic Novica Petrovic Dejana Pankovic Zvonimir Sakac 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1037-1049
The effect of different concentrations of sulfur (1 and 3 mM) and interruption of sulfur (S) supply for 25 days on the photosynthesis and leaf water relations in young sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied in water culture, under greenhouse conditions. Interruption of S‐supply significantly reduced the content of sulfur, chlorophylls a+b and carotenoids, leaf area, density of stomatal and epidermal cells, transpiration rate and leaf water potential, while it increased the free proline content and stomatal diffusion resistance. An increase in S concentration in the nutrient medium from 1 to 3 mM did not significantly affect the tested parameters, except for an increase in leaf S content and a decrease of leaf water potential. Sulfur deficiency caused a pronounced decrease of the rate and quantum yield of photosynthetic oxygen evolution under non‐photorespiratory conditions. This was partly the result of the diminished photochemical efficiency of photosystem II reaction centers. Less efficient excitation of PSII reaction centers is most probably the consequence of higher thermal energy dissipation in the reaction centers of S‐starved plants. These data support that S nutrition is one of the factors regulating plant photosynthesis. 相似文献
15.
Sustainable aquaculture: developing the promise of aquaculture 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
As experience with aquaculture grows worldwide, the concept of sustainable aquaculture is increasingly recognized to incorporate
both spatial and temporal dimensions of environmental, economic, and social parameters. Practitioners have discovered that
sustainable aquaculture must not only maximize benefits, but also minimize accumulation of detriments, as well as other types
of negative impacts on natural and social environment. Therefore, sustainable aquaculture development must be advanced in
a manner that is environmentally sustainable and that protects the quality of the environment for other users, while it is
equally important for society to protect the quality of the environment for aquaculture. This paper provides a brief review
of the worldwide aquaculture development in the last decade, and gives a few examples of sustainable aquaculture activities
in the coastal areas that are using natural coastal habitats and ecosystems. Based on already existing national and international
efforts to promote sustainable aquaculture, key recommendations are provided, including what should be the next proactive
steps.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Melita Peharda Ivan &#;upan Lav Bav&#;evi&#; Anamarija Franki&#; & Tin Klanj&#;&#;ek 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(16):1714-1720
Integrating mussel and finfish aquaculture has been recognized as a way to increase profits and decrease environmental impacts of finfish aquaculture, but not enough is known about the effects of finfish aquaculture on mussel growth. Here we present a pilot study aimed at determining how distance from finfish aquaculture affects mussel growth. To this end, we measured growth and condition index of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at three different distances (0, 60 and 700 m) from finfish aquaculture in the eastern Adriatic Sea. There was a statistically significant difference in growth of tagged mussels with respect to site. Average measured lengths of mussels at sites 1, 2 and 3 after the 10 months of the experiment were 57.60, 62.73 and 58.66 mm. Mussels grew fastest from March to May, and slowest from July to September, regardless of their position. Condition index showed spatial and temporal variations with higher values during fall and winter (∼23), and lower values during spring and summer (∼20). Our results show that production cycle in areas traditionally considered suboptimal for aquaculture can be equivalent to the cycle in areas traditionally considered optimal for mussel aquaculture if mussel aquaculture is integrated with finfish aquaculture. 相似文献
17.
Douglas J. Soldat A. Martin Petrovic Quirine M. Ketterings 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,199(1-4):33-44
Phosphorus (P) loss from urban areas has been identified as a major contributor to declining surface water quality. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between extractable soil P, depth of soil sampling, and dissolved reactive P (DP) concentration in runoff from turfgrass areas. At each site, runoff was generated on turfgrass and adjoining areas where turfgrass cover was removed. Across all six locations and the wide range of nutrient management schemes, variation of extractable soil P concentration and saturation ratios of 0–2cm samples accounted for 49–59% (r 2 = 0.49–0.59, n = 92) of variation of DP concentration in runoff from bare soil and soil with turfgrass cover. Despite a high degree of soil P stratification, changing sampling depth generally did not improve the relationship between soil test P and runoff DP concentrations. Across the narrower range of soil P levels common to lawns in New York (0–50mg kg?1 Morgan extractable soil P), none of the soil tests or P saturation levels (for 0–2cm depth) could accurately predict runoff P concentrations from soil with turfgrass cover (r 2 = 0.02 to 0.23, n = 72). For bare soil plots, restricting the analysis to the same range (<50mg kg?1 Morgan extractable P) did not alter the relationship between soil test P and runoff DP concentrations observed for the entire range (0–658mg kg?1) of soil-test P concentrations. These results suggest soil testing will not be an effective tool to predict runoff from turfgrass areas across the range of soil P levels common to New York State. 相似文献
18.
Ivana SedejMarijana Saka? Anamarija Mandi?Aleksandra Mišan Vesna TumbasMiroslav Hadna?ev 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(3):347-353
This study examined the antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extracts of wheat milling fractions (wheat flour type 500 and type 850, and bran) and their polyphenol and tocopherol content, and rheological characteristics of wheat dough supplemented with buckwheat flours (light and wholegrain). The results obtained in this study were correlated with our previously published data on wheat flour type 400, wholegrain wheat flour and buckwheat flours.Buckwheat flours exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) antiradical activity on hydroxyl (OH), superoxide anion (O2−) and (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH radicals, antioxidant activity and reducing power than all investigated wheat milling fractions when their corresponding IC50 values were compared.The rheological parameters of wheat dough supplemented with light and wholegrain buckwheat flour (0-50%) were obtained by using Mixolab. Results indicated changes in protein and starch properties of dough.The obtained results indicate the benefit of using buckwheat flours in wheat-based food products, i.e. their contribution in functional and tailor-made-food production. 相似文献
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20.
T. Petrovic L. W. Burgess I. Cowie R. A. Warren P. R. Harvey 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):773-788
Research was undertaken to identify Fusarium spp. associated with an endemic wild rice (Oryza australiensis) community in northern Australia and determine the incidence of species reported as pathogens of tropical grain crops. A total of 92 isolates representing six Fusarium species were recovered from O. australiensis. Taxa were delimited based on morphological and phylogenetic (TEF-1α sequence) characters and identified as F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (55 %), Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC, 27 %), F. longipes (14 %) and an unidentified Fusarium sp. (3 %). F. sacchari was dominant in the GFSC, a reported mycotoxin (beauvericin, fumonisin) producer and pathogen of sugarcane and sorghum. No isolates were identified as F. fujikuroi, the cause of Bakanae disease of rice in south-east Asia and other rice growing regions. Morphological, phylogenetic and phenetic (AFLP) analyses were in accordance, differentiating all F. sacchari isolates from other Fusarium taxa. The ratio of F. sacchari mating types (15 MAT-1:9 MAT-2) in the O. australiensis population was not significantly different from that expected under random mating (1:1). The effective population number (Ne) based on mating type (Ne(mt)) was 94 % of the count (total population). In contrast, that based on female-fertile isolates (Ne(f)) was 15 %, implying low frequencies of sexual reproduction among F. sacchari isolates. Pathogenicities of three F. sacchari genotypes were assessed against O. australiensis and commercial cultivars of rice, sorghum and maize. All F. sacchari isolates significantly (P?<?0.001) reduced emergence of O. australiensis and rice, but not sorghum or maize. Isolation frequencies of all genotypes from sorghum and maize and one isolate from O. australiensis were significantly (P?<?0.001) greater than the controls. There were no significant differences in F. sacchari re-isolation among rice treatments. Thus, F. sacchari is presumed to be a pre-emergent ‘damping off’ pathogen, endophyte or weak parasite of O. australiensis and rice and a root and crown pathogen of sorghum and maize. 相似文献