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The annual dynamics of the number and taxonomic composition of yeast communities were studied in the phyllosphere, on the flowers, and on the roots of Indian balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) and in the mucky gley soil under the thickets of this plant. It was shown that typical phyllosphere yeast communities with a predominance of the red-pigmented species Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Rhodotorula glutinis and the typical epiphyte Cryptococcus magnus are formed on the leaves of this annual hygrophyte. However, yeast groups with a predominance of the ascosporous species Saccharomyces paradoxus, Kazachstania barnettii, and Torulaspora delbrueckii, which are not typical of soils at all, were found in the mucky gley soil under the thickets of Indian balsam. Thus, the epiphytic and soil yeast complexes under the thickets of Indian balsam are represented by two entirely discrete communities without common species. In other biogeocenoses of the forest zone, the rearrangement of the structure of yeast communities in passing from the aboveground substrates to the soil proceeds gradually, and most of the species can be isolated both from the aboveground parts of plants and from the soil. The strong difference between the yeast communities in the phyllosphere of Indian balsam and in the soil under its thickets is apparently related to the fact that the annual hygrophytes are decomposed very quickly (during several days after the first frosts). Because of this, an intermediate layer between the phyllosphere and the soil (the litter layer), in which epiphytic microorganisms can develop, is not formed under these plants. 相似文献
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Eurasian Soil Science - Soil microbial communities are subjected to significant changes over time. The most rapid changes caused by temperature and soil moisture alternations or the by the inflow... 相似文献
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Nikitin D. A. Chernov T. V. Zhelezova A. D. Tkhakakhova A. K. Nikitina S. A. Semenov M. V. Xenofontova N. A. Kutovaya O. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2019,52(11):1414-1421
Eurasian Soil Science - The seasonal dynamics of the structure of microbial biomass in a soddy-podzolic soil under fallow was assessed using luminescent microscopy. Samples from three soil horizons... 相似文献
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The annual dynamics of yeast communities were studied in the soddy-podzolic soil under the thickets of Aster x salignus Willd., one of the widespread invasive plant species in central Russia. Yeast groups in the soils under continuous aster thickets were found to differ greatly from the yeast communities in the soils under the adjacent indigenous meadow vegetation. In both biotopes the same species (Candida vartiovaarae, Candida sake, and Cryptococcus terreus) are dominants. However, in the soils under indigenous grasses, eurybiontic yeasts Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, which almost never occur in the soil under aster, are widespread. In the soil under aster, the shares of other typical epiphytic and pedobiontic yeast fungi (ascomycetic species Wickerhamomyces aniomalus, Barnettozyma californica and basidiomycetic species Cystofilobasidium macerans, Guehomyces pullulans) significantly increase. Thus, the invasion of Aster x salignus has a clear effect on soil yeast complexes reducing their taxonomic and ecological diversity. 相似文献
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A. V. Litvinovich O. Yu. Pavolva A. I. Maslova D. V. Chernov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2006,39(7):785-791
The contents and distribution of water-soluble, exchangeable, and nonexchangeable forms of potassium have been studied in the profiles of sandy gleyic soddy-podzolic soils under forest, intensively used cropland, extensively used cropland, and a 20-year-old fallow. It is shown that soil cultivation leads to a rise in the concentration of mobile potassium compounds. The ratio between nonexchangeable and exchangeable forms of potassium also changes in the cultivated soil. Under the fallow, the restoration of this ratio to the values typical of the soil under natural forest cenoses takes place. Data on the mineralogical composition of the clay and colloidal fractions in the virgin and cultivated soils are presented. 相似文献
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The annual dynamics of the number and taxonomic composition of yeast was studied in the rhizosphere of two plant species (Ajuga reptans L. and Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) in a forb-birch forest on soddy-podzolic soil. Eurybiont phyllobasidial cryptococci and red-pigmented phytobionts Rhodotorula glutinis were found to predominate in the phyllosphere of these plants, whereas the typical pedobionts Cryptococcus terricola and Cr. podzolicus occurred on the surface of roots and in the rhizosphere. The seasonal changes in the number and species composition of the yeast communities in the rhizosphere were more smooth as compared to those in the phyllosphere. In the period of active vegetation of the plants, the phytobiont yeasts develop over their whole surface, including the rhizoplane. Their number on the aboveground parts of the plants was significantly lower than that of the pedobiont forms. Thus, the above-and underground parts of the plants significantly differed in the composition of the dominant species of epiphytic yeasts. 相似文献
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O. E. Marfenina A. E. Ivanova E. E. Kislova E. P. Zazovskaya I. Yu. Chernov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(7):749-758
The difference between the mycobiota in anthropogenically transformed soils of the settlements of the 9th–14th centuries and in the background zonal Podzols and umbric Albeluvisols of the middle and southern taiga subzones in the European part of Russia is demonstrated. The mycological specificity of anthropogenically transformed soils with a cultural layer (CL) in comparison with the background soils is similar for all the studied objects. Its characteristic features are as follows: (1) the redistribution of the fungal biomass in the profile of anthropogenically transformed soils in comparison with zonal soils, (2) the lower amount of fungal mycelium in the CL with the accumulation of fungal spores in this layer, (3) the increased species diversity of fungal communities in the CL manifested by the greater morphological diversity of the spore pool and by the greater diversity of the fungi grown on nutrient media, (4) the change in the composition and species structure of fungal communities in the CL, (5) the replacement of dominant species typical of the zonal soils by eurytopic species, and (6) the significant difference between the fungal communities in the CL and in the above-and lower-lying horizons and buried soils of the same age. Most of the mycological properties of the soils of ancient settlements are also typical of modern urban soils. Thus, the mycological properties of soils can be considered informative carriers of soil memory about ancient anthropogenic impacts. 相似文献
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A. V. Litvinovich V. F. Drichko O. Yu. Pavlova D. V. Chernov M. V. Shabanov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2009,42(6):629-635
The rates of changes in the acid-base properties of the sandy-loamy soddy-podzolic soils of fallow lands abandoned for 5, 10, 30, and 63 years were determined. The transformation of the vegetation related to the fallow age has been analyzed. The density of the human-induced topsoil compaction was found to be gradually restored. Mathematical models describing the changes in the acid-base properties of the sandy-loamy soils in the course of the transition from cropland to forest are proposed. The sandy-loamy soils were shown to lose their favorable acid-base properties (gained under cultivation) more slowly than sandy soils do. 相似文献
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T. I. Chernov A. K. Tkhakakhova M. P. Lebedeva A. D. Zhelezova N. A. Bgazhba O. V. Kutovaya 《Eurasian Soil Science》2018,51(9):1057-1066
The analysis of ribosomal genes has been applied to study microbiomes of two soils of the solonetzic soil complex in the northern Caspian region. These soils—solonetz and quasigleyic chestnut soil—drastically differ in their salinity characteristics. The specificity of the vertical distribution of prokaryotes by the genetic soil horizons from the surface to the depth of 120 cm in these soils is discussed. The differences in the structure of microbiomes in the upper soil horizons can be related to the differences in the vegetation cover of the two soils, whereas the differentiation of microbiomes along the soil profiles is affected by the soil salinization. The solonetz is characterized by a much sharper decrease in the abundance and diversity of microorganisms down the soil profile in comparison with the leached quasigleyic chestnut soil. The total number of prokaryotes is mainly limited by the organic carbon content. In the upper soil horizons, Archaea from the phylum Thaumarchaeota are relatively abundant; their percentage decreases down the soil profiles. In the lower horizons of the solonetz, the genes of Marinobacter bacteria, which are considered marine inhabitants, have been found. It is probable that they persist in the soil since the previous transgression of the Caspian Sea. 相似文献