Biosynthetic Modularity Rules in the Bisintercalator Family of Antitumor Compounds     

Javier Fernández  Laura Marín  Raquel álvarez-Alonso  Saúl Redondo  Juan Carvajal  Germán Villamizar  Claudio J. Villar  Felipe Lombó 《Marine drugs》2014,12(5):2668-2699

Diverse actinomycetes produce a family of structurally and biosynthetically related non-ribosomal peptide compounds which belong to the chromodepsipeptide family. These compounds act as bisintercalators into the DNA helix. They give rise to antitumor, antiparasitic, antibacterial and antiviral bioactivities. These compounds show a high degree of conserved modularity (chromophores, number and type of amino acids). This modularity and their high sequence similarities at the genetic level imply a common biosynthetic origin for these pathways. Here, we describe insights about rules governing this modular biosynthesis, taking advantage of the fact that nowadays five of these gene clusters have been made public (thiocoraline, triostin, SW-163 and echinomycin/quinomycin). This modularity has potential application for designing and producing novel genetic engineered derivatives, as well as for developing new chemical synthesis strategies. These would facilitate their clinical development.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS: THE ABDOMINAL AIR-VASCULOGRAM IN A DOG WITH SPLENIC TORSION AND CLOSTRIDIAL INFECTION     

Lorrie  Gaschen  DVM  PHD  Patrick  Kircher  DVM  Claudio  Venzin  DVM  Karin  Hurter  DVM  Johann  Lang  PD  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(5):553-555

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The relationship of propagule pressure to invasion potential in plants     

M. Alejandra Martínez-Ghersa  Claudio M. Ghersa 《Euphytica》2006,148(1-2):87-96

Summary The invasive potential of a species can be assessed by propagule pressure, which measures the chances for propagules of a species to find a suitable habitat for establishment and reproduction. Seeds, fruits, and vegetative structures that contribute to the propagule pressure are morphologically, physiologically and genetically different from one another, thus each kind should have a specific way of contributing to a successful invasion. In this paper we review plant traits that contribute to the propagule pressure. Seed production provides an estimate of the potential multiplication rate of the weed. However, it is gap-sensing mechanisms of seeds based on dormancy termination and germination requirements, which significantly contribute to the naturalization and invasion processes assuring a successful seedling establishment in environments of high competition. Dispersal of propagules reduces competition, mating with a sibling, and subsequent inbreeding depression, and increases colonization opportunities and range of expansion. Some of those benefits can be achieved in a population by existence of dormancy mechanisms and thus, the existence of a seed bank. Finally, vegetative propagation may ensure expansion of local populations when seedling establishment is low. Broadening the scope of traits that are considered in the breeding programs aimed at commercial production of plant propagules, to include those related to propagule pressure, is essential for adequate evaluation of invasive potential.  相似文献   

Genetic variability measures among Bromus catharticus Vahl. populations and cultivars with RAPD and AFLP markers     

Débora I. Puecher  Claudio G. Robredo  Raúl D. Rios  Pedro Rimieri 《Euphytica》2001,121(3):229-236

The objectives of this study were to optimize RAPD and AFLP techniques in B. catharticus, and to determine the genetic variability of populations and commercial prairie grass cultivars with the aforementioned molecular markers. Two populations with contrasting morphological characteristics were evaluated from individual and bulked DNA samples using RAPD markers. Both analyses showed a similar information about inter population variability. Each accession was sampled by a single leaf bulk of 10 plants. Accession similarities were established with 276 RAPD and 714 AFLP bands using Jaccard similarity coefficient. The dendrogram of the accessions using RAPD markers showed that they shared high similarity values (>94%). A similar result was obtained with AFLP markers (similarity values >98%), revealing a narrow genetic basis in the analyzed accessions. Consequently, molecular characterization of germplasm should be considered in addition to morphological criteria, to choose the parental genotypes for breeding programs of this forage crop. The AFLP technique was more efficient to detect DNA polymorphism in our experiments and unique fingerprints were detected for all the accessions. RAPD is a simple and non expensive technique, suitable to estimate genetic similarity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Maternal effect on seed fatty acid composition in a reciprocal cross of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)     

Claudio Ferfuia  Gian Paolo Vannozzi 《Euphytica》2015,205(2):325-336

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Photoreactivity of some organics with aqueous Br− and I− codissolved with nitrate     

Claudio E. Rafanelli  Gianna L. Petriconi  Henry M. Papee 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1979,12(3):283-294

Our earlier research on the photochlorination of some organics suspended in solutions of aqueous Cl^? codissolved with anionic NO _x ^? is extended to systems comprising either bromides or iodides, and NO ₃ ^? . It is found that the bromide-containing systems follow, under both artificial UV and sunlight, overall reaction patterns quite similar to those of chlorides although the rate term which stands for the bromination of organics is larger and directly proportional to light intensities. Solutions containing iodides also follow a similar overall pattern but the first rate term is now proportional to the square of light intensity. However, they react liberating detectable amounts of iodine which thereafter attack the hydrocarbon. This excess of elementary iodine is thus found to be either dissolved in or adsorbed by the organic; it furthermore also dissolves and becomes complexed in the aqueous phase.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional electrophoresis and western-blotting analyses with anti Ara h 3 basic subunit IgG evidence the cross-reacting polypeptides of Arachis hypogaea, Glycine max, and Lupinus albus seed proteomes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Magni C  Ballabio C  Restani P  Sironi E  Scarafoni A  Poiesi C  Duranti M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2275-2281

The allergenicity of seed storage proteins, the major components of edible legume seeds, may cause serious reactions in both children and adult population. Updated methodologies for evaluation of the activity of these proteins are needed. In this paper we used two-dimensional (2D) electrophoretic techniques to investigate the immuno-cross-reactivities of anti Ara h 3 basic subunit IgG to the seed proteomes of three legume species, namely, peanut, soybean, and lupin. The seed proteins, extracted with two different procedures, were separated by 2D electrophoresis, and the electrophoretic maps were analyzed by Western blot. In peanut proteome the antibodies strongly reacted with the 23 kDa polypeptides, corresponding to Ara h 3 basic isoforms, the antigen they were raised to, and three unidentified acidic polypeptides near 45 kDa. Remarkable cross-reactivities with lupin and soybean Ara h 3 homologous polypeptides and nonrelated proteins, namely, lupin conglutin gamma and soybean Bg7S, were detected. Therefore, these proteins may be regarded as new putative allergens. The present findings show the potentiality of 2D electrophoresis in the identification of food allergens and open the way to the traceability of the new cross-reacting proteins in the food chain.  相似文献   

Survey onYersinia Enterocolitica and related bacteria in shellfish     

Claudio Chiesa  Alma Dal Prà  Giancarlo Guarneri  Sandro Penso  Leonardo Rodella  Laura Volterra  Adriano Zugno 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,34(3):241-244

Results from examining shellfish collected from ‘safe’ (2–34Escherichia coli/100 mL) and ‘unsafe’ (> 34E. coli/100 mL) waters for the presence ofYersinia enterocolitica and related bacteria are reported. The recovery of these microorganisms was low in bivalve mollusks destined for food consumption, high in those derived from prohibited areas. No human pathogenic bio-serogroup f Yersinia was found during the entire survey.  相似文献   

Photochlorination of organics by aqueous Cl− codissolved with anionic NO x Emphasis>/−     

Claudio E. Rafanelli  Gianna L. Petriconi  Henry M. Papee 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1978,9(4):403-412

The dissipation of chemical elements from ash basin effluent was determined by use of neutron activation analysis of sediment, water, plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate samples taken from successive sites through the drainage system. Samples were tested for concentrations of 40 elements for a 12 mo period. Three different modes of dissipation were found. The major mechanism for removal of chemical elements from effluent was sedimentation into the benthic sediment. All biota had greater concentrations of chemicals than did water, with invertebrates having slightly higher levels than did plants and vertebrates. Ten elements were more concentrated in at least one biotic group than in the sediment. Concentrations of six elements in the drainage system exceeded the EPA recommended limits for surface waters. The observed modes of dissipation in this aquatic system emphasize the necessity for stable biotic communities present to permit cycling of chemical elements.  相似文献   

Enzymatic activity as a parameter for the characterization of the composting process     

Claudio Mondini  Flavio Fornasier  Tania Sinicco 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(10):1587-1594

Enzymatic activity (EA) was explored as a possible tool for composting characterization. Three composts (yard wastes, cotton wastes and a mixture of the two) were sampled during different phases of the process and divided in two fractions. The first was immediately analysed for microbial biomass C (B_C) and EAs (β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase). The second fraction was air-dried prior to analysis for the same EAs and for organic C (C_ORG), total N (N_TOT), dissolved organic C (DOC), extractable C (C_E) and humic-like C (C_H).B_C decreased throughout the composting period (149 days), whereas EA in moist fractions stabilized between 50 (β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase) and 90 (arylsulphatase, acid phosphatase) days of composting.EA was always reduced by air‐drying (β-glucosidase: 40-80%; arylsulphatase: 10-50%; acid phosphatase: 10-70%; alkaline phosphatase: 50-90%), but this effect was less prominent as composting proceeded, especially for β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase.EA in air-dried samples displayed the same trend as in moist ones, except that there was a marked difference (47-66%) between initial and final activities of all four enzymes.EAs in air‐dried compost and content of humic-like substances showed a similar trend: a marked increase in the first 90 days of the process and no significant variations afterwards. This suggests that the formation of humic-enzymatic complexes has taken place and indicates that this process occurs almost totally during the first stage of composting.EA steadiness in air-dried samples occurred concurrently with the achievement of compost stability, as indicated by the conventional indexes (i.e. C_H, C_ORG/N_TOT). Therefore, the development of a stable enzyme activity in air-dried compost could represent a simple measure of compost stabilization in routine analysis of composting process.  相似文献