Identification of genetic regions associated with black point in barley     

Priya R. Tah  A. Lehmensiek  Glen P. Fox  Emma Mace  Maria Sulman  Gary Bloustein  Grant E. Daggard 《Field Crops Research》2010,115(1):61-66

Black point (BP) can cause severe losses to the barley industry through downgrading and discounting of malting barley. The genetic improvement in BP resistance of barley is complex, requiring reliable screening tools, an understanding of genotype by environment interactions and an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of melanisation involved in BP development. Thus the application of molecular markers for resistance to BP may be a useful tool for plant breeders. We have investigated the genetic regions associated with BP resistance in the barley F₂ population, Valier/Binalong. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributed by the resistant parent Valier, were detected on chromosomes 2HS, 2HC, 3HL, 4HL and a QTL contributed by the susceptible parent, Binalong was detected on 5HL. Three of the four QTLs were detected in two distinctly different environments. The differences observed in BP resistance between these two environments and the implications for accelerated screening are discussed. Identified SSR markers in these regions may be useful for selecting black point resistance in related breeding materials.  相似文献   

Weed seedbank responses to 12 years of applications of composts,animal slurries or mineral fertilisers     

B DE CAUWER  K VAN DEN BERGE  M COUGNON  R BULCKE  D REHEUL 《Weed Research》2010,50(5):425-435

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Determination of total amitraz residue in honey by electron capture capillary gas chroma tography–a simplified method     

Maria Barbina Taccheo  Mauro De Paoli  Claudio Spessotto 《Pest management science》1988,23(1):59-64

A gas chromatographic method using a capillary column is described for the determination of total amitraz residue in honey samples. The method consists of a preliminary extraction of the sample, an alkaline hydrolysis, an extraction of the 2, 4-dimethylaniline formed, without the aid of steam distillation/continuous extraction, its derivatisation with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and a gas chromatographic determination using an electron capture detector. The method is very rapid and can be carried out in a test tube. The detection limit is 0.020 mg kg^?1 and recoveries are of the order of 85%.  相似文献   

Prediction of codling moth egg hatch in Germany and Italy using the Californian forecasting model Bugoff21     

N. BLAGO  E. DE BERARDINIS 《EPPO Bulletin》1991,21(3):407-414

The effectiveness of the Californian model Bugoff2 for Cydia pomonella was tested in Germany (4 years) and Italy (2 years), the Italian results confirming the German findings. In the first codling moth generation (air temperatures normally below 30 C) good agreement was found between field observations of egg hatching and the model's forecast. However, the model gave notable differences for the second generation, i.e. 3 weeks in Germany and 1 week in Italy, and a significant difference for the third generation in Italy. These divergencies arise from an overestimation of the development rate of the codling moth in Bugoff 2's heat unit table whenever air temperature exceeds the upper limit for development. As a result of modifications to Bugoff 2, an example of a better simulation of the codling moth egg hatch in Germany and Italy is discussed.  相似文献   

Detection of potato virus Y in early-harvested potato tubers by cDNA hybridization and three modifications of ELISA1     

J. A. DE BOKX  C. CUPERUS 《EPPO Bulletin》1987,17(1):73-79

The standard ELISA method for detection of PVY in dormant potato tubers was compared with recently developed methods: (1) a hybridization technique, using a complementary DNA-probe to PVY^N; (2) three modifications of ELISA (standard monoclonal, Flegg & Clark polyclonal or monoclonal). Sap of six Dutch cultivars secondarily infected with PVY was subjected to these methods directly after lifting and after six subsequent one-week intervals during storage at 20°C. During storage the detectability of PVY decreased, irrespective of the diagnostic method applied. However, decrease was less in susceptible than in resistant cultivars. Although the hybridization technique yielded slightly better results than the standard ELISA procedure, it was time-consuming and involved hazardous reagents. The modifications of ELISA investigated were not, in general, more sensitive than standard ELISA.  相似文献   

Traders' preference for goat characteristics in selected markets of Pangasinan, Philippines     

Maria Excelsis M. ORDEN  Wilfred E. JAMANDRE  Ernesto O. BROWN  Edgar A. ORDEN  Emilio M. CRUZ  Ana Marie P. ALO  Edwin C. VILLAR 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(2):179-185

Preference for goat characteristics was determined from 42 traders in six markets in Pangasinan, an important trading center for goats in Luzon, the Philippines, and analyzed using a hedonic price model to determine whether these characteristics are important price determinants of goats. This information is important to goat raisers to respond to the needs of the local market, and thus to achieve a better price and higher income in goat raising. Meatiness, size, breed, sex and age (in descending order) were the dominant goat characteristics preferred by traders. Meatiness had the largest positive influence on price, with a price premium of US$6.24 (US$1.00 = PhP 53), whereas the age of the animal had the smallest influence at US$3.72. However, size and meatiness are manifestations of good breeds. Therefore, continued efforts to improve breeds in order to produce good quality goats are imperative to cater to market needs. Different characteristics implied different price premiums. Traders offered a higher price premium for better goat characteristics; thus, the improvement of these characteristics could result in higher returns for goat raisers.  相似文献   

Vitamin D status of wild Ricord's iguanas (Cyclura ricordii) and captive and wild rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta cornuta) in the Dominican Republic.     

Jan C Ramer  Roberto Maria  Tim Reichard  Peter J Tolson  Tai C Chen  Michael F Holick 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(2):188-191

Calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) values are reported for 22 wild Ricord's iguanas (Cyclura ricordii) and seven wild rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta cornuta). Calcitriol (1,25-hydroxyvitamin D) values are reported for 12 wild Ricord's iguanas and seven wild rhinoceros iguanas. These animals were captured as part of a larger health assessment study being conducted on Ricord's iguanas in Isla Cabritos National Park, Dominican Republic. A total of 13 captive rhinoceros iguanas held outdoors at Parque Zoológico Nacional were also sampled for comparison. Mean concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were 554 nmol/L (222 ng/ml) with a range of 250-1,118 nmol/L (100-448 ng/ml) for wild Ricord's iguanas, 332 nmol/L (133 ng/ml) with a range of 260-369 nmol/L (104-148 ng/ml) for wild rhinoceros iguanas, and 317 nmol/L (127 ng/ml) with a range of 220-519 nmol/L (88-208 ng/ml) for captive rhinoceros iguanas. On the basis of these results, serum concentrations of at least 325 nmol/L (130 ng/ml) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be considered normal for healthy Ricord's and rhinoceros iguanas.  相似文献   

3. Determination of the sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans to phenylamides: a semi-quantitative test method     

C. NUNINGER†  N. BOLTON  J. J. DE  WIJS† T. STAUB† 《EPPO Bulletin》1992,22(2):309-311

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Induced resistance in host mixtures and its effect on disease control in computer-simulated epidemics     

C. LANNOU  C. DE  VALLAVIEILLE-POPE H. GOYEAU 《Plant pathology》1995,44(3):478-489

The epidemic simulator EPIMUL was modified and used to study how induced resistance affected the development of epidemics in host mixtures. In the model, induced resistance resulted from the interaction of host tissue with avirulent spores and caused a reduction in the efficacy of virulent spores deposited afterwards. We denned three parameters to describe induced resistance: the level of protection, defined as the magnitude of reduction in the virulent spore efficacy for infecting host tissue; the host surface area protected by an interaction with one avirulent spore; and the duration of protection of the host tissue, in days. In our simulations, induced resistance slowed the epidemics and gave better disease control in the mixtures, even if protection lasted for only 2 days. The disease reduction in the mixture attributable to induced resistance was approximately proportional to the level of protection. The effect of induced resistance increased as the protected area increased. Epidemics were virtually unaffected by induced resistance restricted to the infection site, but the effect of induced resistance initially increased rapidly as larger areas were protected. There was little further gain as the protected area increased from 2·6% to 26%. The influence of induced resistance was reduced when the interactions between virulent and avirulent pathogens were reduced.  相似文献   

Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici     

A. DE  CAL  S. PASCUAL  I. LARENA  P. MELGAREJO 《Plant pathology》1995,44(5):909-917

Fungi known to produce lytic enzymes were used in an attempt to control wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Some of the fungal species (Penicillium oxalicum, Penicillium purpurogenum and Aspergillus nidulans) damaged hyphae of FOL in vitro and reduced the numbers of microconidia in the soil. Treatments with fungi did not result in a reduction in either chlamydospores of FOL in soil or populations of FOL in the rhizosphere of tomato. P. oxalicum was the most effective agent of biocontrol, and it reduced disease severity in both non-autoclaved (20% decrease) and sterile soil. In sterile soil, P. oxalicum reduced disease with different levels of severity (27% decrease at high levels and 50% decrease at low levels). Disease control by A. nidulans and P purpurogenum was only achieved when disease severity was low in sterile soil (55% and 45%, respectively).  相似文献