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Fungi known to produce lytic enzymes were used in an attempt to control wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Some of the fungal species (Penicillium oxalicum, Penicillium purpurogenum and Aspergillus nidulans) damaged hyphae of FOL in vitro and reduced the numbers of microconidia in the soil. Treatments with fungi did not result in a reduction in either chlamydospores of FOL in soil or populations of FOL in the rhizosphere of tomato. P. oxalicum was the most effective agent of biocontrol, and it reduced disease severity in both non-autoclaved (20% decrease) and sterile soil. In sterile soil, P. oxalicum reduced disease with different levels of severity (27% decrease at high levels and 50% decrease at low levels). Disease control by A. nidulans and P purpurogenum was only achieved when disease severity was low in sterile soil (55% and 45%, respectively). 相似文献
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Biological control of peach twig blight (Monilinia laxa) with Penicillium frequentans 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In 1986 and 1988 various preparations of spores and or mycelium of the antagonist Penicillium frequentans , alone or in alternation with captan were applied to field-grown peach trees inoculated with Monilinia laxa , the cause of twig blight. Some preparations of P. frequentans containing nutrients gave significant reductions in severity of disease (from 38 to 80%) over control, comparable to that given by captan. Combinations of P. frequentans and captan gave a level of control similar to or less than that given by the antagonist or chemical alone. Populations of P. frequentans on shoots were monitored after application in 1986. When applied with nutrients, levels of P. frequentans on shoots remained higher than when the fungus was applied in the absence of nutrients. In a glasshouse experiment the effect of P. frequentans treatments on twig blight was influenced by the type and amount of M. laxa inoculum applied. 相似文献
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Penicillium oxalicum , a biocontrol agent for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici , was tested for its ability to induce resistance against tomato wilt. P. oxalicum and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici were placed at separate sites on tomato plants or in soil, avoiding a direct interaction between the fungi. P. oxalicum induced resistance as expressed by a reduction in disease severity, area under disease progress curve and stunting induced by the pathogen. P. oxalicum colonized the tomato rhizosphere during the experiments but it was not detected inside stems, demonstrating that P. oxalicum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici remained spatially separated. Biological control was observed both in sensitive and 'resistant' cultivars, indicating the role of a general resistance mechanism. In both cultivars P. oxalicum treatment alone did not produce disease symptoms. Therefore P. oxalicum could be a suitable biocontrol agent in cases of cultivar resistance failure. These results suggest that P. oxalicum can trigger defence mechanisms in the plant. 相似文献
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A rapid, simple and reliable procedure was developed to evaluate biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by Penicillium oxalicum . The method consists in growing tomato plants in flasks with nutrient solution in a growth chamber. Plants were previously treated in the seedbed with a conidial suspension (107 conidia mL−1 ) of P. oxalicum 7 days before transplanting. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (race 2) was added to the Hoagland solution just before transplanting. Different concentrations and several isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici were tested. Using this method, plants showed typical symptoms of the disease and the effect of the biocontrol agent was clear. Consumption of nutrient solution was reduced in diseased plants, and this reduction was diminished by treatment with P.oxalicum . Consumption of nutrient solution was correlated with other disease-related parameters (AUDPC, weight of aerial parts, stunting) and was an easy and objective parameter to measure. 相似文献
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