大鳞鲃消化系统早期发育的组织学观察     

金国雄  徐伟  耿龙武  关海红  李池陶 《水产科学》2013,(6):311-315

采用石蜡切片和显微观察的方法对由初孵仔鱼至23日龄的大鳞鲃消化系统发育进行了研究。初孵大鳞鲃仔鱼卵黄囊呈圆球形,消化道位于卵黄囊上方并伸展至卵黄囊后部,由柱状上皮细胞所组成,大部分为细胞索。2日龄时,口裂形成,口咽腔向鱼体后部进一步延伸。4日龄时,大鳞鲃的消化道由口至肛门全部打通,消化道分化为口咽腔、食道、前肠和后肠四部分。5日龄时,整个食道形成黏膜层,杯状细胞迅速增多,开始形成纵向褶皱。7日龄时,肝脏和胰脏的基本结构形成,并在肝脏和胰脏之间出现由单层柱状细胞围成的胆囊。10日龄时,卵黄囊消失,大鳞鲃完全通过摄取外界食物获取营养。10日龄—14日龄,消化道长度增长,褶皱加深,吸收表面积增加。14日龄后,通过大量摄食外源食物,大鳞鲃的体长迅速增大。  相似文献   

鲤鱼基因组同源框Hoxa3a序列同源性分析与分子进化研究     

耿波  关云涛  孙效文  匡友谊 《水产学杂志》2011,24(4):50-53

本文利用生物信息学软件分析了鲤（Cyprinus carpio）基因组中同源框基因Hoxa3a与多种鱼类及其它生物的同源性,构建了分子进化树。结果表明：鲤与斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的序列同源性最高为95%,与大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）等四种鱼类的同源性次之为84%,与米氏叶吻银鲛（Callorhinch...  相似文献   

大头鲤、黑龙江鲤、德国镜鲤及其杂种F3肌肉品质的比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李池陶  关海红  胡雪松 《水产学报》2008,32(1):45-50

对大头鲤、黑龙江鲤、德国镜鲤及杂种F3背部肌肉的肉色、嫩度、pH、失水率、系水力和肌纤维性状进行研究,评价杂种F3的肌肉品质.结果表明:(1)杂种F3肌肉的亮度为47.37,红度为1.85,黄度3.27,嫩度为1.65 kg·f,pH 6.62,失水率为22.54%,系水力为97.30%,肌纤维的横截面积为128.76 μm2,纤维的密度为每平方毫米183.38根,肌纤维面积的比例为55.55%.(2)杂种F3与亲本肌肉品质的比较,肉色亮度与黑龙江鲤相近,高于大头鲤和德国镜鲤;红度与大头鲤和黑龙江鲤相近,低于德国镜鲤;嫩度与大头鲤相近,小于黑龙江鲤和德国镜鲤;肌纤维的横截面积与大头鲤相近,小于黑龙江鲤和德国镜鲤;肌纤维密度与大头鲤相近,大于黑龙江鲤和德国镜鲤;pH、失水率、系水力、肉色的黄度和肌纤维面积的比例与3亲本差异不显著.研究表明杂种F3具有与大头鲤相似的肌肉品质,经进一步选育可以育成一个优质的鲤新品系.  相似文献   

CPUE标准化方法与模型选择的回顾与展望   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

官文江  田思泉  王学昉  朱江峰  陈新军 《中国水产科学》2014,21(4):852-862

 单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort, 简称CPUE)常被假设与渔业资源量成正比关系而广泛应用于渔业资源评估与管理中, 但大量研究表明, CPUE与资源量间的正比关系常因受众多因素的影响而难以成立。为能有效利用CPUE数据, 渔业工作者常使用各种统计模型对CPUE进行标准化, 以重新构建该正比关系。因此, 在渔业资源评估与管理中, CPUE标准化是一项极为重要的基础性工作。本文对CPUE标准化的基本概念、构建过程、统计模型和模型选择方法进行了全面回顾, 并强调了模型选择的不确定性, 介绍了基于模型平均的多模型推断方法。同时, 对CPUE标准化所面临的问题及处理方法进行介绍与讨论, 对其未来研究工作进行展望, 以期为CPUE标准化研究提供理论参考。

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中华绒螯蟹交配系统的形态功能     

宣富君  鲍成满  付龙龙  张悦  王刚  王坤  张建光  唐伯平  管卫兵  成永旭 《中国水产科学》2022,29(2):211-219

为深入了解中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的交配过程,利用急速冷冻、扫描电镜、组织学等技术,对其交配系统的形态特征进行观察.结果表明,中华绒螯蟹交配系统具有短尾派蟹类的典型特征,即第一附肢(G1)比第二附肢(G2)长.G1整体粗壮光滑,由连接腹部的原肢和内肢组成.内肢长而挺直,呈三角柱状,两侧边缘融合...  相似文献   

马来眼子菜和POM稳定同位素对污染物的指示作用     

张雷燕  安浩  关保华  程寒飞 《水生态学杂志》2020,41(1):79-85

为了探究大型植物马来眼子菜（Potamogeton malaianus）和颗粒有机物质（Particulate organic matter,POM）对湖泊主要污染来源的指示作用,在贡湖湾选取14个样点,采集马来眼子菜和POM样品,分析其碳、氮稳定同位素的变化。结果显示,马来眼子菜和POM有相似的δ15N值趋势,都是随着离入湖口距离越远,其δ15N值逐渐增加,马来眼子菜的δ15N值为10.8‰～14.1‰,POM的δ15N值为6.69‰～14.1‰;而马来眼子菜的δ13C值随着离入湖口距离越远有下降趋势,变化范围为-17.6‰ ~ -14.5‰;POM的δ13C值则有增加趋势,变化范围为-26.9‰ ~ -24.6‰。马来眼子菜较高的δ15N值指示了人类生活污水来源的氮,表明贡湖湾的主要污染源为生活污水。相关分析表明,水中总溶解磷（TDP）与马来眼子菜的δ15N值有明显的负相关关系,水中的总氮（TN）与POM的δ15N、δ13C值则呈很好的正相关关系。而POM的N占比和底泥的δ15N值分别与POM的δ15N值有明显的正相关性。研究表明,马来眼子菜和POM的δ15N、δ13C值能够指示太湖贡湖湾的主要污染来源。  相似文献   

杂交鲇及亲本胚后生长及卵黄吸收方式的比较     

关海红  潘伟志  陈军  赵春刚 《水产学杂志》2007,20(2):18-23

利用形态学和组织连续切片技术,对杂交鲇及亲本怀头鲇和鲇胚后生长及卵黄的吸引方式进行比较。结果表明:(1)在相同条件下上述鲇鱼生长速度有明显不同,其中,怀头鲇的生长速度较鲇鱼快,而杂交鲇介于二者之间;(2)仔鱼对卵黄的日净消耗量最大值出现在出膜后第1天,体长最大增长率出现在出膜后的第2天;(3)仔鱼出膜后第3天,卵黄全部吸引;(4)卵黄囊依照先卵黄球、后脂肪的顺序被吸收,三种鲇鱼卵黄吸收方式有所不同。其中,怀头鲇和杂交鲇卵黄吸收是由内向外,而鲇采用的是由外向内的吸收方式。  相似文献   

莱州湾头足类的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系     

吴强  陈瑞盛  左涛  关丽莎  金显仕 《水产学报》2018,42(5):684-693

为了掌握莱州湾头足类的资源现状,根据2011—2012年进行的9个月份的底拖网调查数据,研究了莱州湾头足类的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。结果显示,148网次共捕获头足类6种,隶属于3目、3科、4属。头足类生物量及个体数均以10月最高、3月最低,周年平均值分别为3 111.39 g/h和723.54个/h。枪乌贼为莱州湾头足类的绝对优势种,其周年的相对重要性指数为13 097。头足类个体数的空间分布随月份变化,6—7月以莱州湾中南部密度较高,8—11月以莱州湾中北部密度较高,3—5月头足类的密度整体较低。CLUSTER和MDS分析将9个调查月份分为4个群组,ANOSIM分析显示群组两两间的群落结构均呈显著性差异,SIMPER分析表明枪乌贼对群组区分的贡献最大。头足类的个体数分布与浮游动物密度的相关性最高。生殖洄游和越冬洄游是影响莱州湾头足类空间分布季节变化的首要因素。研究结果可为莱州湾头足类资源的可持续利用和保护提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Protective effect of ethyl pyruvate against LPS-induced acute lung injury in dogs with septic shock     

KOU Qiu-ye  YANG Zu-li  GUAN Xiang-dong  CHEN Lei  OU Hai-yan  HU Wen-li 《园艺学报》2009,25(3):547-550

AIM:To investigate the effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on acute lung injury in dogs with septic shock.METHODS:Twenty dogs with septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were randomly divided into two groups:dog received placebo (Ringers solution; control group, n=8) or ethyl pyruvate in lactated Ringers solution (0.05 g/kg loading dose over 10 min, thereafter 0.05 g· kg-1·h-1 for 12 h; EP treatment group, n=12).The parameters of respiratory mechanics, including lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn), lung total compliance (Ctot), inspiratory airway resistance (Rawi), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), work of breathing (WOB), and arterial blood gases were monitored every 4 h after basic measurements (pre-LPS).The contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were also detected by ELISA and compared between two groups.RESULTS:The changes of respiratory mechanics and arterial blood gases were in line with acute lung injury after septic shock induced by LPS.Oxygen index (OI), HCO-3and pH dropped 4 h after septic shock.On the contrary, PCO2 elevated significantly compared with that of septic shock before (P<0.05).Cdyn, Ctot decreased and Rawi, PIP, WOB increased significantly 8 h after septic shock (P<0.05).The changes in parameters of respiratory mechanics and arterial blood gases in control group were more distinguished than those in EP treatment group.There were significantly differences between two groups 8 h after septic shock (P<0.05).Although the significant improvement of respiratory mechanics was not observed, EP did prevent the parameters from worsening further more.Significantly differences between the two groups 12 h after septic shock (P<0.05) were found.Ethyl pyruvate also regulated the network of cytokines:increased the level of TNF-α, IL-6 and reduced the content of IL-10 in serum significantly compared with control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ethyl pyruvate has protective effects on acute lung injury in dogs with septic shock.  相似文献   

Effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats     

SONG Zi-fang  LI Wei  ZHENG Qi-chang  SHANG Dan  XIONG Jun  GUAN Si-ming 《园艺学报》2009,25(4):631-635

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of autogenous vein graft in rats. METHODS: The model of autogenous vein graft was prepared by transplanting the external jugular vein into aorta in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group, graft control group and graft experimental group. From three days after transplantation, the rats of autograft experimental group were treated by atorvastatin at a dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1. Four weeks after treatment, venous autografts were removed at autopsy and cut into 4 μm sections. Histopathological examination was carried out to analysis the neointimal hyperplasia of grafted veins. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate SMα-actin and PCNA expression of neointimal cells in venous autografts. RESULTS: In venous autograft control and experimental groups, SMα-actin-positive smooth muscle cells were proliferated and accumulated excessively in venous autografts, which resulted in significant neointimal formation and vascular lumen narrowing. Neointima quantitative assay revealed that the neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts was suppressed obviously in graft experimental group, and its neointimal area and NIA/MA ratio of venous autografts were significantly lower than those in graft control group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical assay indicated that the PCNA labeling index of neointimal cells was significantly lower in graft experimental group than that in graft control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin significantly inhibits the proliferation of neointimal smooth muscle cells and the development of neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats. Atorvastatin is a powerful inhibitor of restenosis after vascular reconstructive operation with a potential for therapeutic use.  相似文献