三大区域村庄类型分布的刻画：历史移民解读     

吴海龙 《古今农业》2013,(4):33-43

中国农村存在巨大的区域差异,从社会结构上看,可以分为华南宗族团结型地区、中部原子化分散型地区和华北小亲族分裂型地区三大区域.通过数据挖掘和分析,发现我国出生性别比的分布极具规律性,显示出区域上的差异.结合中国南方方言形成及南方宗族型文化发育的共同历史移民根源,笔者将南方方言分布图与出生性别比地图及三大区域划分进行比较研究,具体分析了三者间高度关联性的共同历史移民根源.  相似文献   

五指山猪和杜洛克猪全基因组选择信号差异分析     

任钰为  王峰  王成  张艳  孙瑞萍  刘海隆  乔传民  邢漫萍  黄丽丽  曹宗喜  晁哲 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(12):4172-4182

旨在探究五指山猪和杜洛克猪免疫和脂质代谢相关基因的选择信号差异。本研究从海南国家级五指山猪保种场采集30头4月龄健康(10公,20母)五指山猪的耳组织进行全基因组重测序(whole genome sequencing,WGS),从NCBI数据库下载29头杜洛克猪全基因组重测序数据(SRA：PRJNA378496);通过生物信息学方法分析59个样本WGS数据的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNPs),进行SNPs过滤,定位SNPs在基因组的位置,分析其结构特征和基因型频率,并注释对应基因的功能;使用XP-CLR方法筛选五指山猪基因组受到强烈选择的区域,分析两个品种相关通路基因的功能差异。结果表明,五指山猪平均每个样本共筛选到36 961 902个SNPs位点,内含子区域分布最多,平均每个样本16 729 364个,约占45.26%,编码区(起始、终止密码子)平均有2 073个SNPs;五指山猪受选择的基因组区域主要集中在免疫、代谢和神经功能相关通路;免疫反应通路中,9个基因(TGFBR2、IL26、IL15、BMPR2、TNFSF15、TNFSF4、TNFSF8、ACKR4、TNFRSF11B)功能区域SNPs位点在五指山猪中只存在一种突变纯合基因型,而在杜洛克猪大部分个体中存在3种基因型(野生纯合基因型、杂合子、突变纯合基因型),其中野生纯合基因型比例最高;脂类代谢通路中,关键调节基因IRS2、PRKG1、ADCY5的基因型频率与免疫反应基因类似。在五指山猪中突变纯合基因型比例为100%,在杜洛克猪中野生纯合基因型所占比例为48%~93%(14/29-27/29)。本研究筛选出与五指山猪免疫性状相关的候选基因9个、与脂类代谢相关的候选基因3个,发现五指山猪免疫、代谢和神经功能相关基因的受选择程度强于杜洛克猪,为揭示五指山猪特色性状形成的分子机制提供参考。  相似文献   

奶牛初乳与常乳中营养成分和免疫物质的特征     

彭松悦  吴海龙  徐为民  吴喜娟  陈欢欢  车彦  汪晶  张淑君 《中国乳业》2022,(11):111-116

初乳是奶牛产后24 h内的乳汁,为犊牛提供天然免疫和早期生长的能量来源,且初乳在医疗保健领域也具有一定的研究价值。初乳在产后一段时间内的物质成分会发生较大的变化,与常乳形成明显的差异。本文对比分析了初乳和常乳中营养物质、免疫活性物质、生长因子以及酶的含量差异,直观地展现了初乳中不同物质的变化过程,针对性地为初乳和常乳的加工制作提供思路,为特异性地开发初乳资源,提升初乳的利用率给出参考依据。  相似文献   

益生菌对胃肠道黏膜屏障的调控机制研究进展     

张海龙  李晓  王彩莲  郎侠 《动物营养学报》2022,34(4):2087-2096

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Evapotranspiration estimation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycladus orientalis</Emphasis> in Northern China based on various models     

Hailong Wu 《林业研究》2016,27(4):871-878

Platycladus orientalis is one of the most popular afforestation species and greening species for water management in arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. We applied various models to estimate and validate artificial P. orientalis forest evapotranspiration features with the goal of accurately estimating the water use of a P.orientalis plantation. The American Society of Civil Engineers Evapotranspiration–Penman–Monteith model(APM) and FAO56–Penman–Monteith model(FPM) are extensively applied for vegetation evapotranspiration estimation because their reliability has been validated by many scholars. The Priestley–Taylor model(PT) and Hargreaves model(HS) require only the daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and solar radiation to estimate evapotranspiration and are thus widely applied to grasslands but not to forests. We used the Energy Balance Bowen Ratio(EBBR) system to validate the accuracy of the four models. The results indicated that:(1) Compared to the EBBR measurement annual value, APM was the most accurate, followed by FPM, and PT;(2) During the year, the accuracies of the four models varied. APM and FPM underestimated evapotranspiration during June, July and August, whereas PT and HS overestimated evapotranspiration during this period. In the rest of the year, the estimation accuracies were reversed;(3) An analysis of the possible reasons indicated that wind speed, air temperature and precipitation were the most important contributors.High temperatures were measured in June, July and August, which led to an overestimation by PT and HS because these two models only calculated the temperature and radiation without vegetation information. Underestimation also occurred when a low temperature was recorded. Though APM and FPM addressed both meteorological and vegetation factors, slight deviations still existed; and(4) The two models were modified based on EBBR-measured data. Relative humidity was introduced into PT, and parameter ‘‘A’’ in the HS estimation model was amended to1.41. The accuracy of the modified models significantly increased. The study highlighted the application, comparison and improvement of four models in estimating evapotranspiration and offers more approaches to assess forest hydrological functions.  相似文献   

Biocycle of nitrogen in a Cyclobalanopsis glauca-dominated evergreen broad-leaved forest in East China     

Mingjian Yu  Xuehong Xu  Minghong Li  Hailong Fu 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(3):259-267

The nitrogen (N) cycling was elucidated in a 40-year-old subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Cyclobalanopsis glauca growing on red soil in Zhejiang Province, East China. The concentrations of N in the representative species ranged from 0.49% to 1.64%, the order of which in various layers was liana and herb layers > understory layer > tree and subtree layers; in various organs was leaf > branch > root > trunk; and aboveground parts > underground parts. The sequence of the concentrations of N in C. glauca was understory > tree > subtree layer; young and high-growing > old organs; reproductive > vegetative organs. Seasonal dynamics of the concentrations of N in C. glauca in the tree and subtree layers was comparatively stable. It was lower in autumn (October) in root, branch, and leaf in the tree layer, and low in January in the understory. There was no evident change in regularity of the concentrations of N in varying diameter classes. The concentrations of N in the litterfall, precipitation, throughfall, litter layer, and soil were 0.74%–2.30%, 0.000,038%, 0.000,09%, 1.94%, and 0.59%, respectively. The standing crop of N in the plant community was 1,025.28 kg/hm², accumulation in the litter layer was 224.88 kg/hm², and reserve in the soil was 55,151 kg/hm². Annual retention of N was 119.47 kg/hm², return was about 84.13 kg/hm², among which litterfall was 78.49 kg/hm² and throughfall, 5.64 kg/hm². Annual absorption of N was 203.60 kg/hm². Annual input of N through incident precipitation was 4.88 kg/hm². Compared with other forest types, cycling rate of N in the community was lower than in deciduous broad-leaved forests, rain forests, and mangroves, and was moderate in evergreen broad-leaved forests. N use efficiency of this forest was moderate among the forest types cited. According to the characteristics of the biocycle of phosphorous, it was concluded that N availability in the soil of this forest was not lower, and phosphorous not N was the limiting factor in the growth of plants in this community. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(4): 740–748 [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(4): 740–748]  相似文献   

外源过氧化氢对水曲柳体胚发生中外植体抗氧化生理特性的影响     

程雪  王秋水  杨玲  刘洋  谢添伊  沈海龙 《东北林业大学学报》2022,50(3):51-57

为了探讨外源过氧化氢（H₂O₂）对水曲柳体胚发生过程中外植体内部抗氧化物质、抗氧化酶、一氧化氮（NO）等的影响,以成熟水曲柳子叶胚为外植体诱导体胚发生,通过对体胚发生过程中不同时间段的外植体取材,测定其内部生理变化,分析外源H₂O₂对水曲柳内部生理生化的影响。结果表明：外源H₂O₂的添加,对水曲柳体胚发生过程中还原性抗坏血酸（ASA）的质量摩尔浓度的影响主要在中后期阶段（42 d）,且H₂O₂添加组高于对照组2.14%,对还原性谷胱甘肽（GSH）的影响在前期阶段（14 d）,H₂O₂添加组是对照组的3.23倍;外源H₂O₂处理提高外植体H₂O₂的质量摩尔浓度,在14 d时,外源H₂O₂处理和对照的H₂O₂  相似文献   

金花菜与苜蓿属主要物种基因组SSR分布特征的比较分析     

周勃  任海龙  张龑  高强  徐麟  邹集文 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(9):2217-2223

【目的】 分析金花菜基因组SSR序列的分布特征,并与苜蓿属主要物种进行比较,为金花菜SSR分子标记的开发提供理论依据。【方法】 利用MISA软件对金花菜、蒺藜苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的高质量基因组进行搜索,比较分析搜索到的SSR序列分布特征。【结果】 在金花菜、蒺藜苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的基因组中,分别筛选到195 753个,242 434个和390 496个完整的SSR序列,相对密度分别为428、564和478个/Mb,SSR序列的总长度分别为3 611 698、3 657 503和6 307 211 bp,占各自基因组序列总长度的0.79%、0.85%和0.77%。在1~6个不同核苷酸重复单元中,金花菜和蒺藜苜蓿的SSR序列均是单核苷酸重复单元最多,依次是二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸、五核苷酸和六核苷酸,而紫花苜蓿的六核苷酸重复单元多于五核苷酸重复单元。A、T、AT、TA、AG和TC是3种苜蓿共有的常见重复单元类型,金花菜基因组低片段长度的SSR比例高于蒺藜苜蓿和紫花苜蓿。【结论】 金花菜基因组SSR的分布密度低于蒺藜苜蓿和紫花苜蓿,重复单元类型较丰富,具有较大的多态性标记开发潜力。  相似文献   

基于动态称量原理的泛函式播种施肥量检测方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁永前  刘卓  陈冲  刘海龙  罗俊  余洪锋 《农业机械学报》2021,52(10):146-154

针对动态检测播种施肥量的测量系统易受振动干扰影响且难消除的问题,本文采用高压氮气弹簧的支撑力和S型传感器的拉力组合成称量式播量检测装置,利用压力和拉力之间存在力向相反、幅值呈比例的互补特性,提出了一种泛函式播量检测方法,该方法构建了以目标播量函数为变量的泛函,通过求取泛函极值确定目标播量函数。利用外槽轮式小麦播种施肥机平台,在不同目标播量（225、300、375kg/hm2）和不同车速（3、5km/h,3~7km/h变速）下开展了18组室外车载式小麦播种交叉试验,并应用泛函式播量检测方法获取累积播量和动态播量信息。累积播量的绝对相对偏差的最大值、平均值和标准差分别为5.61%、2.26%和1.58%;动态播量的检测数据在作业面积较小时（少于0.020hm2时）存在较大波动,随着作业面积的增加呈明显收敛趋势,动态播量稳定阶段（作业面积大于0.033hm2）,所有测试最大绝相对偏差为9.61%,单次测试中,最大平均值为4.73%,最大标准差为1.97%。试验结果表明,泛函式播量检测方法能有效获取动态播量和累积播量信息,为播种施肥机的播量检测提供了一种测量方法。  相似文献   

中西药结合治疗雏鹅病毒性肝炎的试验研究     

张加力  黄海龙  温伟 《现代畜牧兽医》2014,(11)

观察3种方法治疗雏鹅病毒性肝炎的疗效,选出较好的治疗方案,以提高雏鹅病毒性肝炎的治愈率。分别进行人工感染预防及治疗试验和临床治疗试验。在临床治疗试验中选自然发病的莱茵雏鹅共5466只,将患鹅随机分为4组,分别采用保肝散、病毒灵、保肝散加病毒灵治疗,并设空白对照组。结果表明,保肝散配合病毒灵组治疗效果最好,治愈率达96.05%;保肝散组次之,为77.97%;病毒灵组再次,为72.18%;对照组为14.72%。采用保肝散配合病毒灵组治疗雏鹅病毒性肝炎高于其他两种方法,为临床治疗该病提供了确实可行的治疗方法。  相似文献