Clearing and staining small vertebrates for demonstrating ossification of the skeletal system using the KOH and glycerine clearing method     

Robert B. Reed  Christy R. Kendall  Nicholas Tsangarides  Howard E. Evans 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(6):605-608

Preparing articulated skeletons of small vertebrates is extremely difficult due to the presence of vast amounts of cartilage and/or the extremely small size of skeletal components. Clearing the tissues surrounding small skeletons and staining the bones in toto reveals the skeletal system without the risk of displacing the bony components. The specimens are first fixed and bleached which renders the tissues preserved and transparent. These specimens may then be exposed to alizarin red S which stains bone a pink to red colour making them visible through the transparent soft tissues. Toluidine blue may also be used to stain cartilage a blue colour. The Spalteholz staining method is cited, though the focus will be on the KOH and glycerine clearing method for macroscopic observation.  相似文献   

Resource landscapes and movement strategy shape Queensland Fruit Fly population dynamics     

Schwarzmueller  Florian  Schellhorn  Nancy A.  Parry  Hazel 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(12):2807-2822

Context

Animal population dynamics are shaped by their movement decisions in response to spatial and temporal resource availability across landscapes. The sporadic availability and diversity of resources can create highly dynamic systems. This is especially true in agro-ecological landscapes where the dynamic interplay of insect movement and heterogeneous landscapes hampers prediction of their spatio-temporal dynamics and population size.

Objectives

We therefore systematically looked at population-level consequences of different movement strategies in temporally-dynamic resource landscapes for an insect species whose movement strategy is slightly understood: the Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni)

Methods

We developed a spatially-explicit model to predict changes in population dynamics and sizes in response to varying resources across a landscape. We simulated the temporal dynamics of fruit trees as the main resource using empirical fruiting dates. Movement strategies were derived from general principles and varied in directedness of movement and movement trigger.

Results

We showed that temporal continuity in resource availability was the main contributing factor for large and persistent populations. This explicitly included presence of continuous low-density resources such as fruit trees in urban areas. Analysing trapping data from SE Australia supported this finding. We also found strong effects of movement strategies, with directed movement supporting higher population densities.

Conclusions

These results give insight into structuring processes of spatial population dynamics of Queensland Fruit Fly in realistic and complex food production landscapes, but can also be extended to other systems. Such mechanistic understanding will help to improve forecasting of spatio-temporal hotspots and bottlenecks and will, in the end, enable more targeted population management.

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Surgical extraction of impacted teeth in a dog     

Taney KG  Smith MM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2006,23(3):168-177

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Incidence and treatment of inadequate postovulatory progesterone concentrations in repeat breeder cows     

Kendall NR  Flint AP  Mann GE 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(2):158-162

The incidence of low day 5 milk progesterone in dairy cows has been investigated and the efficacy of treating the problem assessed. The incidence of inadequate milk progesterone (empirically defined as <3ng/mL) in repeat breeder cows was 34% compared with 11.4% in first insemination cows. Treatment with an intravaginal progesterone device for 7 days starting from day 5 or 6 did not improve pregnancy rate. Treatment with 1500 iu human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on day 5 gave an increase in pregnancy rate that was dependent on initial progesterone concentration and significant (P<0.05) in multiparous but not primiparous cows. While the incidence of inadequate day 5 progesterone was high in repeat breeder cows, it was responsive to hCG treatment, although only in multiparous and not primiparous animals.  相似文献   

Season and physiological status affects the circadian body temperature rhythm of dairy cows     

P.E. Kendall  J.R. Webster 《Livestock Science》2009,125(2-3):155-160

The circadian body (vaginal) temperature rhythm was measured in 36 dairy cows: Holstein–Friesian (HF, n = 12), Jersey (J, n = 12) and their crossbreed, Holstein–Friesian × Jersey (HF × J, n = 12) at six different periods (5-7 days in duration) during the year that could potentially be a seasonal and physiological stressor. These were a) early winter (late pregnancy), (b) early spring (early lactation), (c) late spring (before mating at mid-lactation), (d) early summer (after mating at mid-lactation), (e) late summer (late lactation, early pregnancy) and, (f) early autumn (drying-off at the end of lactation, mid-pregnancy). Live weight and body condition score was recorded on the first day of each measurement period. Live weight differed (P < 0.001) with breed with HF cows heaviest and J cows lightest (HF: 525 ± 51, HF × J: 456 ± 56, J: 401 ± 30 kg). HF cows tended (P = 0.099) to have a higher body condition than either J or HF × J cows although the overall change in body condition during the experiment was similar (P = 0.961) amongst breeds. The circadian body temperature rhythm differed markedly between each measurement period, being flatter and having a less prominent morning nadir and afternoon peak during early winter compared to spring and summer. The timing of peak body temperature was 4-5 h earlier in early autumn in HF and HF × J cows relative to J cows. There was no breed difference (P ≥ 0.162) in daily mean body temperature except for a tendency (P = 0.075) for mean body temperature to be moderately higher in J cows (38.5 °C) during late summer compared to HF and HF × J cows (38.4 °C), primarily due to an increase (P = 0.001) in daily minimum body temperature (38.0 vs. 37.8 °C). The daily range of oscillation (maximum–minimum) in the body temperature rhythm was highest during late summer, particularly in HF and HF × J cows. Minimum body temperature was also higher (P = 0.033) for J cows than HF and HF × J cows during early autumn (37.9 vs. 37.8 °C). In conclusion, season and physiological status of cattle had a profound effect on the circadian body temperature rhythm but there was little difference between the breeds of dairy cows studied.  相似文献   

Osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish Fold cats     

Malik R  Allan GS  Howlett CR  Thompson DE  James G  McWhirter C  Kendall K 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(2):85-92

OBJECTIVE: To better characterise the bone and joint problems which can develop in Scottish Fold cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study of cases seen in five veterinary clinics and radiographic survey of cats in a cattery. RESULTS: Six Scottish Fold cats (four castrated males, two spayed females) aged between 5 months and 6 years were presented for signs of skeletal disease including lameness, reluctance to jump, a stiff stilted gait, short misshapen distal limbs, swelling of plantar tarsometatarsal regions and short thick inflexible tails. A further four cases (one male, three females, 15 months to 11 years) were identified by radiographic screening of a cattery. A diagnosis of osteochondrodysplasia was based on characteristic radiological findings including irregularity in the size and shape of tarsal, carpal, metatarsal and metacarpal bones, phalanges and caudal vertebrae, narrowed joint spaces, and progressive new bone formation around joints of distal limbs with diffuse osteopenia of adjacent bone. A plantar exostosis caudal to the calcaneus was present in advanced cases. In all nine cases where pedigree information was available, affected cats allegedly originated from the mating of a Scottish Fold to a cat with normal ears. The severity and time of onset of physical signs, and rate of progression and extent of radiographic abnormalities, varied from case to case. Limited histological observations suggested the underlying problem may be an osteochondrodysplasia, related to inadequate cartilage maturation. Clinical signs were ameliorated by administration of pentosan subcutaneously in two of three cats in which it was trailed, and one of these also benefited from an oral glycosaminoglycan preparation. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and radiological findings were ascribed to defective maturation and function of cartilage, particularly in the distal limbs, ears and tail. As all Scottish Fold cats suffered from osteochondrodysplasia of some degree, the best solution would be to avoid using fold-eared cats for breeding and instead use Scottish shorthairs.  相似文献   

Haematuria in a geriatric cat     

Beatty JA  Martin P  Kendall K  Malik R 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(3):160-167

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Bilateral maxillary periodontal ligament hamartoma in a dog     

Taney KG  Dubielzig RR  Trotter TS  Smith MM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2005,22(2):91-95

A 12.5-year-old dog was presented for severe periodontal disease and bilateral maxillary enlargement. Radiographs of the maxilla showedgeneralized root resorption, ankylosis, and rarefaction of bone with focal radiodense areas. Surgical tooth extraction of multiple maxillary teeth and bilateral incisional biopsies of the periodontal tissue and maxilla in the region of the maxillary fourth premolars were performed. Histopathologic examination showed features typical of fully differentiated periodontal ligament with abundant cementum/alveolar lining bone and sparce odontogenic epithelial cell rests. Histopathology in conjunction with radiographic and clinical signs suggested a diagnosis of bilateral periodontal ligament hamartoma. Examination 3-months postoperatively indicated uncomplicated healing of the extraction and biopsy sites with no resolution of the maxillary enlargement.  相似文献   

Some parasites of domestic animals in the Aswan governorate—Arab Republic of Egypt     

S. B. Kendall 《Tropical animal health and production》1974,6(3):128-130

Summary This records some gut and blood parasites of sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels in the Aswan Governorate of Egypt.  相似文献   

The effect of Fasciola hepatica of hexachlorophane and nitroxynil (4-cyano-2-iodo-6-nitrophenol) in combination     

S B Kendall  J W Parfitt 《The British veterinary journal》1971,127(4):149-153

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