Dynamics of the dispersity of model soddy-podzolic soils in a long-term lysimetric experiment     

A. B. Umarova  T. V. Ivanova 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(5):519-528

Changes in the particle-size composition and specific surface area were considered for soddy-podzolic soils in large lysimeters of the Soil Research Station of Moscow State University, which simulated anthropogenically modified soils with different sequences of genetic horizons in a long-term (1961–2002) experiment. Changes were detected in the degree of dispersion of the soil horizons occurring under conditions inadequate for their genesis: a decrease in the clay content by 7% and in the external specific surface area from 28.9 to 7.4% in the illuvial horizon placed on the surface and the accumulation of colloidal mineral fractions in the Ap horizon buried at a depth of 80–100 cm. The degree of change depended on the occurrence depth of the buried horizons and increased with approaching the surface. The changes in the dispersity of the model soddypodzolic soils in the lysimetric experiment were primarily due to the translocation of the fine fractions with vertical water flows. The long-term experiment carried out under completely controlled conditions showed that, at the initial functioning stages of the soils with anthropogenically modified profiles, this process was well detectable and significant for the monitoring studies.  相似文献   

Transformation of an agrogray soil on a slope complicated by hollows in the Zusha River basin     

N. N. Ivanova  E. V. Tishkina 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(7):774-784

Changes in the profile of gray forest soils on a tilled slope with manifestations of active erosion and a known duration of the plowing were analyzed. Factors determining the transformation of the composition and properties of individual parts of the soil profile were considered. Specific changes in the soil profile were revealed depending on the age of the plowland and its position in the relief. Tendencies of the agrogenic transformation of the lower horizons were found to depend on changes in the humus profile and the time of the soil existence in a relatively stable state.  相似文献   

Assessment of the Impact of No-Till and Conventional Tillage Technologies on the Microbiome of Southern Agrochernozems     

Nikitin  D. A.  Ivanova  E. A.  Zhelezova  A. D.  Semenov  M. V.  Gadzhiumarov  R. G.  Tkhakakhova  A. K.  Chernov  T. I.  Ksenofontova  N. A.  Kutovaya  O. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2020,53(12):1782-1793

Eurasian Soil Science - Quantitative characteristics of microbial communities in southern agrochernozems of the Stavropol region managed with the use of no-till technology and moldboard plowing...  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Samardala</Emphasis>: specificities and changes in the ethnobotanical knowledge about <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium siculum</Emphasis> subsp<Emphasis Type="Italic">. dioscoridis</Emphasis> (Sm.) K. Richt. in Bulgaria     

Teodora Ivanova  Mihail Chervenkov  Tatyana Stoeva  Stoyan Chervenkov  Yulia Bosseva  Almira Georgieva  Elina Tsvetanova  Albena Alexandrova  Dessislava Dimitrova 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1349-1357

Allium siculum Ucria is a perennial bulbous plant that occurs in Bulgaria as A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis (Sm.) K. Richt. The plant is locally known as “samardala”. Its herbage is used traditionally by local communities in Bulgaria as edible green and for preparation of salty spice mixtures. The study was focused on the documentation of traditional knowledge about samardala, covering local collection and cultivation practices, processing methods and consumption preferences. The respondents (aged 30–86 years, 50% over 65) were local producers and small-scale salesmen of the herbage and samardala-containing spices. To assess the health features of samardala spices the total phenol and flavonoid content was measured in home-consumed or marketed flavoured salts. Overall appreciation of the plant and related food products was found to be very high; presenting a considerable engagement of the locals in plant cultivation and gathering, laborious processing and consumption. Traditional ecological knowledge about the biology, phenology and ecology of the samardala plant and methods for its processing is still preserved by elderly people who rely mostly on their own cultivated plants. Although the introduction of modern appliances has altered the method of production, its main stages and the recipes are preserved. Modernization of the processing method has not affected the quality of the products and faster processing could be a contributing factor for the higher content of biologically active substances. Phenolic content was about twice as low as the flavonoid content, following the same pattern for all tested flavoured salts. Measures for better management of natural populations and promotion of cultivation practices of A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis would ensure the sustainable quality of traditional products as well as conservation of the natural plant resources.  相似文献   

The impact of the environmental factors on the photosynthetic activity of common pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis>) in spring and in autumn in the region of Eastern Siberia     

N. E. Korotaeva  M. V. Ivanova  G. G. Suvorova  G. B. Borovskii 《林业研究》2018,29(6):1465-1473

The taiga coniferous forests of the Siberian region are the main carbon sinks in the forest ecosystems. Quantitatively, the size of the carbon accumulation is determined by the photosynthetic productivity, which is strongly influenced by environmental factors. As a result, an assessment of the relationship between environmental factors and photosynthetic productivity makes it possible to calculate and even predict carbon sinks in coniferous forests at the regional level. However, at various stages of the vegetative period, the force of the connection between environmental conditions and the productivity of photosynthesis may change. In this research, correlations between the photosynthetic activity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with the environmental conditions were compared in spring and in autumn. In spring, close positive correlation of the maximum daily net photosynthesis was identified with only one environmental factor. For different years, correlations were for soil temperature (r_s = 0.655, p = 0.00315) or available soil water supply (r_s = 0.892, p = 0.0068). In autumn within different years, significant correlation was shown with two (temperature of air and soil; r_s = 0.789 and 0.896, p = 0.00045 and 0.000006, respectively) and four factors: temperature of air (r_s = 0.749, p = 0.00129) and soil (r_s = 0.84, p = 0.00000), available soil water supply (r_s = 0.846, p = 0.00013) and irradiance (r_s = 0.826, p = 0.000001). Photosynthetic activity has a weaker connection with changes in environmental factors in the spring, as compared to autumn. This is explained by the multidirectional influence of environmental conditions on photosynthesis in this period and by the necessity of earlier photosynthesis onset, despite the unfavorable conditions. This data may be useful for predicting the flow of carbon in dependence on environmental factors in this region in spring and in autumn.  相似文献   

Assessment of the trend of degradation of arable soils on the basis of data on the rate of stratozem development obtained with the use of <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs as a сhronomarker     

V. N. Golosov  N. N. Ivanova  A. V. Gusarov  A. G. Sharifullin 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(10):1195-1208

A new approach for determining the trend of changes in the rate of degradation of arable soils is suggested. It is based on the assessment of volumes of soil material eroded from arable fields and accumulated on the bottoms of first-order valleys during two time intervals: 1954(1963)?1986 and 1986?2015. For dating of this material, ¹³⁷Cs of global fallout and Chernobyl fallout are used. This approach in combination with a detailed morphometric characterization of the valley bottoms, the pathways of sediment transport from the fields, and the morphology and composition of the sediments accumulated on the bottoms makes it possible to give reliable estimates of the volumes of soil loss from tilled slopes. The benchmarks of 1963 and 1986 are related to maximum ¹³⁷Cs fallout during nuclear bomb testing and immediately after the Chernobyl accident. As an example, the rates of formation of stratozems (stratified aggraded soils formed due to accumulation of eroded sediments) within the first-order catchment of the Veduga River basin (Voronezh oblast, Russia) are analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the mean annual rate of soil loss from arable fields of the catchment in 1986–2015 was at least two times lower than that in the preceding period from 1954 (the beginning of the global fallout) to 1986 (the Chernobyl accident).  相似文献   

Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of manganese toxicity,tolerance, and amelioration with silicon in snapbean     

Charles D. Foy  Julio C. de Paula  Jose A. Centeno  Emilia Ivanova Jücker 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4-5):769-782

Plant genotypes within species differ widely in tolerance to excess manganese (Mn) that may occur in acid soils, or in neutral or alkaline soils having poor aeration caused by imperfect drainage or compaction. However, Mn tolerance mechanisms in plants are largely unknown. Silicon (Si) is reported to detoxify Mn within plants, presumably by preventing localized accumulations of Mn associated with lesions on leaves. Because Mn is paramagnetic, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, shows promise as a tool for characterizing toxic and non‐toxic forms of Mn in tolerant and sensitive plants. The objective of our study was to use EPR to: i) determine the chemical/ physical state of Mn in Mn‐tolerant and ‐sensitive snapbean cultivars; and ii) characterize the protective effects of Si against Mn toxicity. Manganese‐sensitive Wonder Crop 2 (WC) and Mn‐tolerant Green Lord (GL) cultivars of snapbean were grown at pH 5.0, in a greenhouse, in a modified Steinberg solution containing: Mn=0.05mg.L^‐1 (optimal); Mn=1.0mgL^‐1 (toxic); Mn=1.0 mg L^‐1 plus Si=4 mg L^‐1; and Mn=0.05 mg L^‐1 plus 4 mg Si L^‐1. All trifoliate leaf samples exhibited a 6‐line EPR signal that is characteristic of hexaaquo Mn²⁺. In both cultivars, a higher EPR Mn²⁺ signal‐intensity generally correlated with lower total leaf mass, higher total Mn concentrations and more pronounced symptoms of toxicity. Tolerance to excess Mn coincided with lower Mn²⁺ signal intensity. Silicon treatments ameliorated Mn toxicity symptoms in both genotypes, decreased total leaf Mn concentrations, and decreased EPR Mn²⁺ signal intensity. Results suggest that Mn toxicity is associated with reduced electron transport and accumulation of oxidation products in leaves. Amelioration of Mn toxicity by Si is regarded as connected with a reduction in this Mn‐induced process. Results indicated that EPR spectroscopy can be useful in investigating the biochemical basis for differential Mn tolerance in plants. The EPR observations might also help plant breeders in developing Mn‐tolerant cultivars.  相似文献   

Microbial cenoses of alas soils on the Lena-Amga interfluve in Central Yakutia     

T. I. Ivanova  N. P. Kuz’mina  D. D. Savvinov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2013,46(4):417-430

The specific features of the microbial population in the soils of alases (thermokarst depressions) of Central Yakutia were revealed: a high number of microorganisms of all the groups (1.1 × 10³–3.9 × 10⁸ cell/g), which is compatible with the microbial density in the steppe soils of Transbaikalia; a particular distribution of the microorganisms along their profiles without decreasing of their number with the depth; and insignificant fluctuations of their population density in some soil horizons. The enrichment of these soils with microorganisms depends on the hydrothermal conditions. The microbial number gradually increases from the elevated peripheral parts of the alases to their centers and drastically decreases towards the lower lakeside areas of the alases. At the same time, the composition of the microorganisms changes, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria appear.  相似文献   

Soils of Altitudinal Zones of the Suntar-Khayata Ridge: Morphology,Properties, and Classification     

Okoneshnikova  M. V.  Ivanova  A. Z.  Desyatkin  R. V.  Nikolin  E. G. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2021,54(5):680-688

Eurasian Soil Science - For the first time, a detailed diagnostics and classification of soils of the Suntar-Khayata Range have been performed. This study is a continuation of long-term soil...  相似文献   

Microbial Communities of Interglacial and Interstadial Paleosols of the Late Pleistocene     

Semenov  M. V.  Chernov  T. I.  Zhelezova  A. D.  Nikitin  D. A.  Tkhakakhova  A. K.  Ivanova  E. A.  Xenofontova  N. A.  Sycheva  S. A.  Kolganova  T. V.  Kutovaya  O. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2020,53(6):772-779

Eurasian Soil Science - The taxonomic structure of microbial communities in the Late Pleistocene paleosols of different ages in the Central Russian Upland formed under contrasting climatic...  相似文献