Toll-like receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory action of glaucine and oxoglaucine     

Mimi Remichkova  Petya Dimitrova  Stefan Philipov  Nina Ivanovska   《Fitoterapia》2009,80(7):411-414

Two isochinoline alkaloids, glaucine and oxoglaucine were investigated for their suggested anti-inflammatory influence concerning nitric oxide and cytokine production. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as LPS for TLR4, zymosan for TLR2 and CpG for TLR9. The alkaloids inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production induced by these ligands. In regard to IL-12 suppressive effect was registered in the case of CpG stimulation. Glaucine succeeded to enhance LPS and zymosan-induced IL-10 production. The reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10 are indicative for their use in different acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.  相似文献   

Efficacy of avermectin B₁ given orally against equine intestinal strongyles and Onchocera microfilaria     

TD MOGG †  CC POLLITT  JP WILLMORE  H. THOMPSON ‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(11):399-401

Three groups of horses and ponies (N = 13, 13 and 12) were treated with ivermectin paste (0.2 mg/kg p.o.), avermectin B1 solution (0.2 mg/kg p.o.), or fenbendazole suspension (10 mg/kg via nasogastric tube). The avermectin B1 was a 1% solution in a propylene glycolglycerol formal base. Faecal strongyle egg counts were performed before, and 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 d, after treatment. Full-thickness skin biopsies from the neck, pectoral and umbilical regions were examined for Onchocera microfilaria before treatment, and again 14 and 70 d later. Ivermectin therapy produced a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in mean strongyle egg counts 14, 28, 42 and 56 d after treatment. Avermectin B1 therapy resulted in significant (P less than 0.01) decreases in mean strongyle egg counts 14, 28 and 42 d after treatment. All horses given ivermectin or avermectin B1 had zero strongyle egg counts 14 and 28 d after treatment. Fenbendazole failed to significantly decrease strongyle egg counts. Both ivermectin and avermectin B1 resulted in zero microfilaria counts in all horses 14 d after treatment. On day 70 the percentage decrease in microfilaria counts were 100% and 99.6% respectively. Fenbendazole failed to significantly decrease microfilaria counts. The oral administration of this formulation of avermectin B1 appeared to be highly efficacious against intestinal strongyles and Onchocera microfilaria. The duration of anti-strongyle activity was, however, significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter than that of ivermectin paste.  相似文献   

Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Hybrid Bluegill Lepomis cyanellus × L. macrochirus Fed Practical Diets Containing Various Percentages of Protein     

Carl D.  Webster  Laura G.  Tiu James H.  Tidwell 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1997,28(3):230-240

Growth, survival, and body composition were evaluated in two feeding trials using juvenile hybrid bluegill Lepomis cyanellus × L. macrochirus . In Experiment 1, hybrid bluegill (20 g) were stocked into 1.25-m³ cages at a rate of 300 fish/cage and fed diets containing 35, 40, 44, or 48% protein for 12 wk. Fish meal comprised 32% of the dietary protein in all diets. Fish were fed all they could consume in 40 min. No significant differences ( P > 0.05) in individual length, individual weight, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (K), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found among treatments and averaged 13.4 cm, 47.4 g, 1.02%/d, 1.96, and 4.06, respectively. Whole-body composition of hybrid bluegill indicated that fish fed a diet containing 35% protein had a significantly lower ( P < 0.05) percentage protein (56.3%) and a higher ( P < 0.05) percentage lipid (29.3%) compared to fish fed diets containing 40, 44, and 48% protein. In Experiment 2, 15 hybrid bluegill (15 g) were stocked into 110-L aquaria and fed one of four diets containing 28, 32, 36, or 38% protein for 10 wk. Fish were fed twice daily all they would consume in 20 min. Fish fed a diet containing 38% protein had higher ( P < 0.05) percentage weight gain (265%) than fish fed diets containing 28% (203%) and 32% (219%) protein, but were not significantly different ( P > 0.05) compared to fish fed a diet containing 36% protein (251%). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of hybrid bluegill fed diets containing 36% and 38% protein (average 1.39) were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than fish fed a diet with 28% protein (1.73). Results from these studies indicate that hybrid bluegill can be fed a practical diet containing 35–36% protein (with fish meal comprising 32% of the protein). Further refinement of the diet formulation may allow producers to reduce diet and production costs.  相似文献   

Afforestation trials with Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz and Prosopis flexuosa D.C. in the Dry Chaco, Argentina     

Leonor Cataln  Carlos Carranza  Laura Gonzlez  Ulf Karlin  Marcela Ledesma 《Forest Ecology and Management》1994,70(1-3):113-119

In implantation trials carried out with Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis flexuosa, the following variables were considered: implantation time (December and March), implantation technique (direct seeding and seedling transplantation) and age of the seedlings at the time of transplantation (60, 105 and 150 days). Survival was evaluated for more than 9 months after implantation and trials were repeated in 3 consecutive years.

Results from both species were similar and they show that survival after transplantation was higher (60–80%) than from direct seeding (35–45%). Survival from transplantation was independent of the size and age of the seedlings and it was less affected by climatic conditions than direct field sowing. Survival from direct seeding was higher in March than in December. The best time for either implantation alternative would be the end of the summer or beginning of fall, when climatic conditions increase the probability of seedling survival.  相似文献   

The role of competitors for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysomela lapponica</Emphasis>, a north Eurasian willow pest,in pioneering a new host plant     

Jürgen Gross  Nina E. Fatouros  Seppo Neuvonen  Monika Hilker 《Journal of pest science》2007,80(3):139-143

The Palaearctic leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica usually feeds upon willows in the northern region of its occurrence. However, in Central Europe, some populations are known that have specialised on birch. In this study, we investigated the significance of other herbivores occurring together on the same host plants as possible exploitative competitors of C. lapponica. Two populations were studied: a population from Finland specialised on the willow Salix borealis, and a population from the Czech Republic, specialised on the birch Betula pubescens. Abundances of folivorous and suctivorous insects on both host plants were recorded at both population sites. The willow leaf beetle Phratora vitellinae was the most abundant herbivorous insect at both study sites on willow. A field study was conducted to examine the effects of P. vitellinae on the performance of C. lapponica. The presence of P. vitellinae larvae on the same twig upon which C. lapponica larvae were feeding did not affect increase of body weight in C. lapponica larvae. Thus, the high resource availability of both willows and birches suggest that interspecific competition is unlikely to be a selection factor driving the evolution of host shift in C. lapponica.  相似文献   

Assessment of the gross primary production dynamics of a Mediterranean holm oak forest by remote sensing time series analysis     

Víctor Cicuéndez  Javier Litago  Margarita Huesca  Manuel Rodriguez-Rastrero  Laura Recuero  Silvia Merino-de-Miguel  Alicia Palacios-Orueta 《Agroforestry Systems》2015,89(3):491-510

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SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS ON T2*‐WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE CANINE AND FELINE SPINE          下载免费PDF全文

Laura J. Hammond  Silke Hecht 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(4):398-406

The T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence is a sensitive means to detect blood degradation products. While not a routine sequence in magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in small animals, it can provide additional valuable information in select cases. The goal of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to describe findings when acquiring this sequence during magnetic resonance imaging examination of the spine in small animals. The University of Tennessee's veterinary radiology database was searched for dogs and cats that underwent magnetic resonance imaging for suspect spinal disease in which a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence was acquired and susceptibility artifact was identified. The following information was recorded: signalment, clinical signs, location and appearance of susceptibility artifact, and final diagnosis. Thirty‐nine cases were included in the study. Extradural susceptibility artifacts were observed in cases of intervertebral disc herniation with or without associated hemorrhage (n = 28), extradural hemorrhage associated with spinal trauma (n = 2), hemophilia (n = 1), and in a cystic extradural mass (n = 1). Remaining lesions displaying susceptibility artifact were intramedullary and included presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (n = 2), hematoma (n = 1), hemangiosarcoma metastasis (n = 1), intramedullary disc extrusion (n = 1), presumptive meningomyelitis (n = 1), and a mass of undetermined etiology (n = 1). Inclusion of a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence may be helpful in spinal magnetic resonance imaging when standard imaging sequences are ambiguous or intramedullary lesions are observed.  相似文献   

Versatility of the Angularis Oris Axial Pattern Flap for Facial Reconstruction          下载免费PDF全文

Sara L. Losinski  Bryden J. Stanley  Sandra P. Schallberger  Laura L. Nelson  Heather A.M. Towle Millard 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(8):930-938

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Comparison of Outcome After Use of Extra‐Luminal Rings and Intra‐Luminal Stents for Treatment of Tracheal Collapse in Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Selena Tinga DVM  Kelley M. Thieman Mankin DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Laura E. Peycke DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Noah D. Cohen VMD  MPH  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(7):858-865

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Pre-operative fibrous osteodystrophy and severe,refractory, post-operative hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy in a dog     

Jennifer M. Reinhart  Ellie K. Nuth  Christopher G. Byers  Mike Thoesen  Laura J. Armbrust  David S. Biller  Kenneth R. Harkin 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(8):867-871

A 13-year-old dog exhibited dramatic, radiographic osteopenia consistent with fibrous osteodystrophy secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. Following parathyroidectomy, the dog developed severe, prolonged hypocalcemia, but was successfully treated and discharged 32 d after surgery. A variety of factors may have contributed to this dog’s hypocalcemia including hypoparathyroidism and hungry bone syndrome.  相似文献