MONITORING THE PROGRESSION OF TARSAL OSSIFICATION WITH ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND RADIOGRAPHY IN THREE IMMATURE FOALS     

Mirja  Ruohoniemi  DVM  Leena  Hildén  DVM  Leila  Salo  DVM  Riitta-Mari  Tulamo  DVM  Ph.D. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(5):402-410

Repeated ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations of both tarsi were performed on three immature foals at individually adjusted times to monitor the progression of ossification. The first examination was performed soon after birth, and all foals were found to have incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones. Two of the foals were monitored until ossification of the small tarsal bones was complete. The rate of ossification varied, and it seemed to be affected by the general health of the foal and by its weight-bearing. In two foals the pattern of ossification was markedly irregular and several ossifying foci were often found within the bones. Ultrasonography was found to be a practical method for monitoring the changes in the outline and echogenity of the bones in the distal tarsal area. Radiography confirmed the ultrasonographic findings and was necessary for evaluating the internal structure of the bones.  相似文献   

Meat colour,fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics of Hereford bulls finished on grazed pasture or grass silage-based diets with similar concentrate allowance     

Arto Huuskonen  Susanna Jansson  Markku Honkavaara  Leena Tuomisto  Risto Kauppinen  Erkki Joki-Tokola 《Livestock Science》2010,131(1):125-129

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of grazed grass (PAS bulls) and grass silage-based (UB bulls) diets on muscle colour, intramuscular fatty acid composition and carcass characteristics of Hereford bulls with similar concentrate allowances, ages, growth rates and carcass weights. The carcass fat score of the UB bulls was 14% higher than that of the PAS bulls (P < 0.05). Muscle lightness was 5%, redness 5% and yellowness 8% higher in the UB bulls than in the PAS bulls (P < 0.05). The Longissimus muscle (LM) of the UB bulls contained a higher proportion of 14:1 and 16:0 fatty acids compared to that of the PAS bulls (P < 0.05). In contrast, the LM of the PAS bulls contained a higher proportion of 18:3n-3 fatty acid and 18:2 cis-9 trans-11 CLA compared to that of the UB bulls (P < 0.01). There were no differences in saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid or polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions of the LM muscle between treatments.  相似文献   

Phosphorus and base cation accumulation and release patterns in decomposing Scots pine,Norway spruce and silver birch stumps     

Marjo Palviainen  Leena Finér  Raija Laiho  Ekaterina Shorohova  Ekaterina Kapitsa  Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Tree stumps are integral constituents of managed forest ecosystems, but their role in nutrient cycling is poorly understood. We studied phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) dynamics in decomposing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and silver birch (Betula pendula) stumps in southern Finland in a chronosequence of 0-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30- and 40-year-old clear-cut areas. Along with the decomposition of pine and spruce stumps, the amount of P in stumps increased, but K and Ca were released, and the amount of Mg initially decreased and then increased. All nutrients, except K, accumulated in birch stumps during the first ten years, but were released thereafter. After 40 years of decomposition, pine and spruce stumps contained 180% and 202% of their initial amounts of P, respectively. In addition, the amounts of Mg were larger than the initial amounts in 40-year decomposed pine (126%) and spruce (202%) stumps. In contrast, birch stumps lost 64% and 75%, respectively, of their initial amounts of P and Mg over a 40-year period. The stumps of all the species were found to release K and Ca. Pine, spruce and birch stumps lost 48%, 64% and 87% of their initial amount of K, and 49%, 35% and 42% of their initial amount of Ca, respectively, during the 40-year period. The results indicate that decomposing stumps of the major tree species in Fennoscandian forests are long-term nutrient pools and they serve as P sinks, thus potentially reducing P leaching after clear-cutting.  相似文献   

CLOCK is suggested to associate with comorbid alcohol use and depressive disorders     

Louise K Sj?holm  Leena Kovanen  Sirkku T Saarikoski  Martin Schalling  Catharina Lavebratt  Timo Partonen 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2010,8(1):1

Background  

Depression and alcohol abuse or dependence (AUD) co-occur in the general population more frequently than expected by chance. Alcohol use influences the circadian rhythms generated by the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and circadian rhythm alterations in turn are common in depressive disorders as well as among persons addicted to alcohol.  相似文献   

The structure of boreal old-growth forests changes at multiple spatial scales over decades     

Kulha  Niko  Pasanen  Leena  Holmström  Lasse  De Grandpré  Louis  Gauthier  Sylvie  Kuuluvainen  Timo  Aakala  Tuomas 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(4):843-858

Landscape Ecology - Changes in the structure of boreal old-growth forests are typically studied at a specific spatial scale. Consequently, little is known about forest development across different...  相似文献   

Transgenic barley by particle bombardment. Inheritance of the transferred gene and characteristics of transgenic barley plants     

Anneli Ritala  Reino Aikasalo  Kristian Aspegren  Marjatta Salmenkallio-Marttila  Satu Akerman  Leena Mannonen  Ulrika Kurtén  Riitta Puupponen-Pimiä  Teemu H. Teeri  Veli Kauppinen 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):81-88

Summary Transgenic barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kymppi) were obtained by particle bombardment of various tissues. Immature embryos and microspore-derived cultures were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), together with plasmid DNA containing the gene for -glucuronidase (GUS).Bombarded immature embryos were grown to plants without selection and NPTII activity was screened in small plantlets. One plant proved to be transgenic (T₀). This chimeric plant passed the transferred nptII gene to its T₁ progeny. The presence of the nptII gene was demonstrated by the PCR technique and enzyme activity was analyzed by an NPTII gel assay. Four T₀ spikes and 15 T₁ offspring were transgenic. The integration and inheritance was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Transgenic T₂ and T₃ plants were produced by isolating embryos from green grains of transgenic T₁ and T₂ plants, respectively and growing them to plants. After selfing, the ratio of transgenic to non-transgenic T₂ offspring was shown to follow the rule of Mendelian inheritance. The general performance of transgenic plants was normal and no reduction in fertility was observed.Microspore-derived cultures were bombarded one and four weeks after microspore isolation. After bombardment, cultures were grown either with or without antibiotic selection (geneticin ^R or kanamycin). When cultures were grown without selection and regenerated plants were transferred to kanamycin selection in rooting phase, one out of a total of about 1500 plants survived. This plant both carried and expressed the transferred nptII gene. The integration was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. This plant was not fertile.  相似文献   

Seed set of ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Loz.). Variation between clones and enhancement of seed production through the application of plant growth regulators     

Leena Pietilä  Paula Jokela 《Euphytica》1990,47(2):139-145

Summary Ulluco, Ullucus tuberosus, is a tuber crop plant with a reduced ability to produce botanical seed. This paper discusses problems related to the botanical seed set of ulluco. Ten clones of this species were studied, and the number of seeds per plant was recorded. Enhancement of seed production was attempted by the application of three growth regulators; gibberellic acid, CCC, and a synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylamine purine. Seed set ability was shown to vary between the clones, and the application of plant growth regulators did not enhance seed production. Variation in fruit weight was observed. Because of genetic variation between clones in their ability to set seed, it is proposed that there is a possibility of breeding ulluco using botanical seeds. However, methods for improving the yield of botanical seed need to be developed.  相似文献   

Parental eating attitudes and indicators of healthy eating in a longitudinal randomized dietary intervention trial (the STRIP study)     

Talvia S  Räsänen L  Lagström H  Anglè S  Hakanen M  Aromaa M  Sillanmäki L  Saarinen M  Simell O 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(11):2065-2073

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Post-transplant crown allometry and shoot growth of two species of street trees     

Anu Riikonen  Leena Lindn  Minna Pulkkinen  Eero Nikinmaa 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2011,10(2):87

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Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics and the Role of Enchytraeid Worms in Decomposition of L, F and H Layers of Boreal Mor     

Ari Laurén  Mari Lappalainen  P?ivi Saari  Jussi V. K. Kukkonen  Harri Koivusalo  Sirpa Piirainen  Heikki Set?l?  Tytti Sarjala  Dan Bylund  Jaakko Heinonen  Mika Nieminen  Marjo Palviainen  Samuli Launiainen  Leena Finér 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):3701-3719

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